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Category: Culture

  • The Fifty Commands of Jesus

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    In many of my articles I speak about the commands of Jesus. I have found he had at least fifty so here is a list of them in an original list my mother typed up for your reference. There are many benefits to obeying Jesus.

    The fifty commands of Jesus

    1 Don’t call Jesus Lord when you don’t obey Him. Lk 6:46, Mt 7:21.

    2 Build on the rock of obedience to Jesus otherwise you will fall. Mt 7:24-27, Lk 6:47-49.

    3 Worship God alone. Mt 4:10b, Lk 4:8.

    4 Follow Jesus. Mt 4:19, 11:28-30, Mk 1:17, Jn 1:43,12:26, 10:27, 21:22b.

    5 Be salt and light to this world. Mt 5:13-16 Mk 9:50, Lk 11:33, 14:34. Jn 3:21.

    6 Don’t call your brother a fool. Mt 5:22, 12:36.

    7 Practice instant reconciliation. Mt 5:24-25.

    8 Do not look with lust at another this is adultery in the heart. Mt 5:27-28.

    9 Do not divorce and marry another, this is adultery. Mt 5:32, 19:9, Mk 10:11-12.

    10 Don’t swear an oath. Mt 5:33-37.

    11 Do more than expected, go the 2nd mile. Mt 5:38-41.

    12 Give to those that ask. Mt 5:42, Lk 6:30, 38.

    13 Love, bless and pray for your enemies. Mt 5:43-48, Lk 6:27-29.

    14 Quietly do good for God’s praise alone. Mt 6:1-4.

    15 When you pray, fast or give do it secretly. Mt 6:5-6.

    16 Don’t use vain repetitions when praying. Mt 6:7-8, Mk 12:40.

    17 Pray to God the Father. Mt 6:9, Jn 16:23-24.

    18 Don’t be anxious. Mt 6:25-32, Lk 12:22-30, Jn14:1, 16:33.

    19 Store your riches in heaven not on earth. Mt 6:19-21, 33, Lk 12:21, 31-34, Jn 12:25.

    20 Judge not that you may not be judged. Mt 7:1-5, Lk 6:37, 41-42, Jn 7:24.

    21 Keep asking, seeking and knocking. Mt 6:9-11, 7:7-11, Lk 11:9-13.

    22 Treat others as you like to be treated. Mt 7:12, Lk 6:31.

    23 Don’t waste time on argumentative people. Mt 7:6.

    24 Forgive others. Mt 6:12, 14-15, 18:21, Mk 11:25-26, Lk 11:9-13.

    25 Let the dead bury their dead. Mt 8:22, Lk 9:6a.

    26 Don’t fear people-fear God. Mt 10:28, 16:23, Lk 12:4-5.

    27 Confess Christ before men. Mt 10:32-33, Mk 5:19, 8:38, Lk 9:26, 12:8-9.

    28 Take up your cross. Mt 10:38-39, 16:24-26, Mk 8:34-37, Lk 9:23-26, 14:26-33.

    29 Beware of hypocrisy and greed. Mt 15:6-9, 23:28, Lk 6:41-42, 12:1b, 20:46-47.

    30 Privately rebuke a brother and if he repents forgive him. Mt 18:15, Lk 17:3-4.

    31 Pay your taxes and give to God what is his. Mt 22:21, Mk 12:17, Lk 20:25, 21:4.

    32 Love God and others. Mt 22:37-40, Mk 12:30-31, Lk 10:27, Jn 15:12, 13:34-35.

    33 Keep alert and watch for the 2nd coming. Mt 24:44,46, 50-51, Mk 14:62, Lk 12:35-40, 21:27-28.

    34 Honour God with all that you have been given. Mt 25:14-31, Lk 18:18.

    35 Minister to others as you would to Jesus Himself. Mt 25:34-46.

    36 Preach the Gospel and teach obedience. Mt 28:20, Mk 16:15, Lk 9:60b, Jn 21:15b, 16b, 17b.

    37 Repent of your sins. Mk 1:15, Lk 13:3,5, Lk 15:7,10, 18-24.

    38 Believe in Jesus Mk 16:16, Lk 9:35, Jn 12:36, 6:29, 20:29, 14:6.

    39 Have child like faith. Mk 10:15, Lk 18:17, Mt 9:29.

    40 Don’t sell things in God’s house. Mk 11:15-17, Jn 2:16.

    41 Rejoice when you are persecuted. Lk 6:22-23.

    42 Don’t be distracted from hearing God’s Word. Lk 10:38-42.

    43 Act with compassion and not prejudice towards others. Lk 10:30-37.

    44 Invite the poor to eat with you. Lk 14:13-14.

    45 Humble yourself & take the lowest position Lk 14:8-11, 18:13-14, Mt 23:12, 19:30.

    46 You must be born again. Jn 3:3, Jn 3:5-8.

    47 Live in Me and live in My love. Jn 8:31-32, Jn 15:4, 9

    48 Don’t covet your bother’s blessing Lk 12:13-15, 15:29-30

    49 Be baptised Mt 29:19, Mk 16:16

    50 Strive for perfection Mt 5:48, Jn 15:14

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    Source by Matthew Robert Payne

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  • History and Clothing in Ancient Japan

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    Japanese history includes alternating periods of isolation and revolutionary influences from the rest of the world. As early as the Jomon period from about 14000BC to 300 BC, Japan had a hunter-gatherer lifestyle; wooden stilt houses, pit dwelling, and agriculture. Weaving was still unknown and the ancient Japanese clothing consisted of fur. However, some of the world’s oldest pottery is found in Japan, along with daggers, jade, combs made form shell and clay figures.

    The period thereafter to 250 BC saw the influx of new practices like weaving, rice sowing, iron and bronze making influenced by china and Korea. Chinese travelers describe the men ‘with braided hair, tattooing and women with large, single-piece clothing.’ Initially ancient Japanese clothing consisted of single piece clothing. The ancient and classical Japan begins from the middle of the 3rd century to 710. An advanced agricultural and militaristic culture defines this period. By 645, Japan rapidly adopted Chinese practices and reorganized its penal code.

    The peak period of ancient Japan and its imperial court is from 794 to 1185. Art, poetry, literature and trade expeditions continued with vigor. Warlords and powerful regional families ruled ancient Japan from 1185 to 1333 and the emperor was just a figure head. By the Japanese Middle Ages, Portugal had introduced firearms by a chance landing of their ship at Japanese coast; samurai charging ranks were cut down; trade with Netherlands, England and Spain had opened up new avenues. Several missionaries had entered Japan as well.

    Distinct features of the lifestyle, ancient Japanese clothing and women is difficult to decipher for the simple reason that it is super-imposed by the Chinese culture. Ancient Japan readily adopted other cultures and practices and most of its own culture is lost among these adaptations.

    Ancient Japanese clothing was mostly unisex, with differences being in colors, length and sleeves. A Kimono tied with an Obi or a sash around the waist was the general clothing and with the advent of western clothing are now mostly worn at home or special occasions. Women’s obi in ancient Japanese clothing would mostly be elaborate and decorative. Some would be as long as 4meters and tied as a flower or a butterfly. Though a Yukata means a ‘bath clothing’, these were often worn in the summers as morning and evening gowns. Ancient Japanese clothing consisted of mena and women wearing Haori or narrow paneled jacket for special occasions such as marriages and feasts. These are worn over a kimono and tied with strings at the breast level.

    The most interesting piece of ancient Japanese clothing is the ju-ni-hitoe or the ‘twelve layers’ adorned by ladies at the imperial court. It is multi-layered and very heavy and worn on a daily basis for centuries! The only change would be the thickness of the fabric and the number of layers depending on the season. Princesses still wear these on weddings.

    Since the Japanese people don’t wear footwear inside their homes, tabi is still worn. These are split -toe socks woven out of non-stretch materials with thick soles. Clogs have been worn for centuries in ancient Japan and were known as Geta. These were made of wood with two straps and were unisexual. Zori was footwear made of softer materials like straw and fabric with a flat sole.

    Ancient Japanese clothes, culture and footwear are slowly regaining their popularity with the western world. There is an honest curiosity in knowing more, wearing kimonos or using silk fabrics with beautiful floral prints from the ‘land of the rising sun’.

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    Source by Christopher Schwebius

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  • Keeping Dinosaur Eels (Bichirs) In Tropical Freshwater Fish Tanks or Aquariums

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    Dinosaur eel

    The dinosaur eel is the common name for the Grey Bichir, Polypterus Senegalus, though it is a fish and not an eel. There are more than a dozen species of this fish but the Grey Bichir or Senegalus Bichir is the most common and is popular among aquarists. This Bichir is covered in dark grey horizontal bands that become paler as the fish grows. Some Bichirs can reach over three feet in length, although most species, including the Senegalus Bichir, grow to around one foot.

    Natural habitat

    In their native habitat they can be found in lakes, rivers, floodplains and swamps in Africa, especially the Congo River and Nile. They are capable of surviving in waters with low oxygen content and can move in search of food or to find other wet areas in their home dries in time of drought.

    Characteristic features

    The misnomer of dinosaur eel (hereafter referred to as Bichir) comes from the prehistoric appearance of this elongated fish. Its snake-shaped body is covered by thick, bone-like scales made of an enamel-like substance called ganoine, which resembles the now extinct earliest ray-finned fishes. It has a distinctive series of up to 18 dorsal finlets, each one with a sharp spine, which are erected when it is agitated. The fleshly pectoral fins, which control the slow movement of the fish, are attached behind and below the gill openings. It is also able to travel over land using its strong pelvic fins. Bichirs can also breathe air via a lung-like modification to their swim bladder. Other characteristics include a pair of blowholes, a long lower jaw and external nostrils which protrude from the nose to enable the Bichir to hunt by smell since its eyesight is poor. Females tend to be larger than males, while adult males have thicker dorsal spines and broader anal fins.

    Diet

    Bichirs are predatory and essentially carnivorous and will attack and feed on small fish that are easy to swallow as well as slow-moving fish. They will also eat insects, crustaceans and frogs. Since they are nocturnal they will feed mainly at night.

    Breeding

    After a series of energetic twisting movements, the male Bichir fertilizes the eggs by enveloping the female’s genital opening with his anal and caudal fin. He then scatters the eggs using thrashing movements of his tail. It is difficult, however, to get Bichirs to breed in captivity. Some aquarists have noted that even if a male and female are present, the male is often unresponsive and will not fertilize the eggs the female releases.

    Aquarium size

    Due to the length Bichirs grow and their need to breathe air, it is important they are housed in long tank aquariums that are not too deep, possibly even a fish tank table. Aim for an aquarium that is at least three times the adult size of the Bichir you have or plan to purchase. Choose fish tank aquariums that are no more than eighteen inches deep and do not fill completely with water. This is important as Bichirs need to be able to breathe from the air and therefore have to be able to swim quickly to the surface and back to the bottom where they dwell.

    Being able to use oxygen from the air enables Bichirs to survive out of water for several hours. Given this and the fact that they have the instinct to move out of one place in search of food in another, it is recommended to have a tight-fitting lid on your aquarium!

    Aquarium decor

    A thin layer of soft sand or gravel is fine as substrate. Bichirs also like hiding places, especially as they prefer to stay out of the light during the day. So it is much more enjoyable for them to have robust plants, rocks and tunnels which allow them to display more natural behaviours. Plants attached to wood work best as Bichirs tend to displace plants rooted in the substrate because of their size and when searching for food.

    Water conditions

    As they are tropical freshwater fish, Bichirs require a temperature of 75-85 F. They like a pH of 7 or slightly below and prefer water that is a little hard. Of course, it is important to perform frequent water changes to ensure the quality of water is good in your tropical freshwater aquariums.

    Aquarium lighting

    Bichirs are nocturnal so they will be typically lethargic during the day and active at night. Rather than switching the aquarium lights off complete, provide the semblance of a natural nightfall by installing a blue moonlight bulb so you too can experience some action from your Bichir!

    Feeding

    Being carnivorous, Bichirs love to be fed baitfish, mussels, shrimps and bloodworms. They will also readily accept frozen foods. Some aquarists have tried to encourage them to take dry foods by only supplying them until their hunger overcomes them, and have found they can adapt OK. However, I would mention that this is not their natural diet.

    Tank mates

    Given the large size of Bichirs and their predatory nature, it is extremely important to match them with suitable tank mates. Do not keep them with fish smaller than three inches which can provide a ready meal! It is better to match Bichirs with bigger fish as they will not bother as much with fish they cannot swallow. Siamese Tigerfish, Angelfish, large Barbs, Cichlids and Knifefish are possible tank mates. It has been observed that suckermouth Catfish tend to suck on the skin of Bichirs which irritates them and so it is not advised to keep both types of bottom-dwelling fish. Also avoid matching them with overly aggressive species. In a very large fish tank it will be possible to keep several Bichirs together, provided they are around the same size. They should generally tolerate each other, apart from fighting over the food!

    To keep or not to keep?

    Bichirs are interesting specimen fish but do be aware of all the issues involved in keeping them, especially the size of the tank and the other tropical freshwater fish you have or plan to have. Bichirs also cost more to keep than other fish, though they are a very hardy breed. Keeping Bichirs in a suitable environment requires careful planning!

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    Source by Jill Kaestner

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  • Categories of Ethical Dilemmas in Business

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    First published in Exchange, the magazine of the Brigham Young University School of Business, the following twelve categories were developed to cover the root or cause of most ethical business dilemmas that one might encounter in their jobs. I have summarized them to keep them short and simple.

    1. Taking Things That Don’t Belong To You

    Everything from taking highlighters from the storage room, to sending personal mail through the mailroom, to downloading unauthorized games to play on your work computer fall into this category. A CFO of a major corporation took a cab from the airport to his home in the city. When he asked the cabbie for receipt, he was handed a full book of blank receipts. Apparently this dilemma of accurately reporting business expenses involves more than just one employee.

    2. Saying Things That You Know Are Not True

    When a car salesperson insists to a customer that a used car has not been in a previous accident, when it has, an ethical breach has occurred. When a clerk in a store assures a customer that a product has a money-back guarantee, when only trade-ins are allowed, another ethical violation occurred (and perhaps a violation of the law).

    3. Giving Or Allowing False Impressions

    There is an urban legend in which 2 CD’s were being sold on a TV infomercial that claimed that that all the hits of the 1980’s were on the CDs. The infomercial emphasized over and over again that all songs were performed by the original artists. When they received the CDs, upon closer inspection, they found that all songs had been covered by a band called The Original Artists. While technically true, the impression given by the infomercial was false.

    4. Buying Influence or Engaging in Conflict of Interest

    When a company awards a construction contract to an organization owned by the brother of the attorney general, or when a county committee who is charged with choosing a new road construction company is traveling around the state looking at roads at the expense of one of the bidders, a conflict of interest arises which might affect the results of that choice.

    5. Hiding or Divulging Information

    Failing to divulge information from the results of a study on the safety of a new product, or choosing to take your companies proprietary product information to a new job are examples that fall into this category.

    6. Taking Unfair Advantage

    Have you ever wondered why there seem to be so many product safety rules and procedures? It is primarily the result of laws passed by government institutions to protect the consumer from companies that previously took unfair advantage of them because of their lack of knowledge or through complex contractual obligations.

    7. Committing Acts of Personal Decadence

    Over time, it has become increasing clear that the acts of employees outside of work can have a negative effect on a businesses image. This is one of the primary reasons companies are minimizing social interactions or events, outside of the office, so that drug or alcohol related events can not be tracked back to the company.

    8. Perpetuating Interpersonal Abuse

    At the heart of this category of ethical misbehavior is the abuse of employees through sexual harassment, verbal lashing, or public humiliation by a company leader.

    9. Permitting Organizational Abuse

    When an organization chooses to operate in another country, it sometimes butts up against social culture in which child labor, demeaning work environments or excessive hours are required. It is at this point that the leaders of the company have a choice…whether to perpetuate that abuse or alleviate it.

    10. Violating Rules

    In some cases, people or organizations violate rules to expedite a process or decision. In many of these cases, the results would have been the same regardless, but by violating the rules or required procedures for that outcome, they can potentially scar the reputation of the organization they work for.

    11. Condoning Unethical Actions

    Suppose you are at work one day and you notice that a colleague of yours is using petty cash for personal purchases and fail to report it. Perhaps you know that a new product in development has safety issues, but you don’t speak out. In these examples, failing to do right creates a wrong.

    12. Balancing Ethical Dilemmas

    What about a situation that would be considered neither right, nor wrong? What should be done here? Should Google or Microsoft do business in China when human rights violations are committed daily? Sometimes an organization must balance the need to do business with any ethical dilemmas that might arise from doing business.

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    Source by John Bascom

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  • The Value of Networking Your Brand

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    Networking can be an effective tool for promoting, marketing and sharing your personal brand. It allows you to meet and connect with like minded individuals and develop quality relationships. It also helps you create the right contacts for growing a viable and profitable network. Last but not least, it allows you to communicate your mission, goals and passions for success.

    Listed below are tips and practical ways that savvy networkers can increase their brand proposition.

    Activate Your Brand

    In order to build a reliable and reliable personal brand, you need to be active in your networking activities. Generally, this means staying consistent and intentional in your endeavors. Whether you feel comfortable connecting via in person or online, have a plan and put it into action. Make sure to follow up and follow through. Set up meetings, additional ways to stay in touch in person or online and build your personal brand with others. Show commitment and integrity in your dealings and interactions.

    Establish Your Brand

    As you develop your relationships, focus on building a strong personal brand. Explore various avenues of expressing your personal brand within your communications styles. What makes you unique and differentiates you from your collectors or competitors? What skills, abilities or talents make you passionate in your career, business or academies? What do things do people associate you with, when your name comes to mind? By answering these questions, you are gaining a greater understanding of the value of your brand.

    Execute Your Brand

    Your personal brand can be a powerful for growing your networks. Use it as a touch point for conversations and finding opportunities. Show the relevancy of it whenever you go to events, meetings and functions. Incorporate it into your elevator pitch, resume / bio, business cards and other marketing tools and materials. Make every effort to reinforce its worth and significance.

    Use these tips to add more value and increase the dynamics of your connections. Along with your communication styles and marketing efforts, create relationships that improve your networks.

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    Source by Chi Chi Okezie

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  • Accent 101 – What is it and What to Do About It

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    We have all come across people who speak with accents. In a college math class with a professor from another country, on the phone with a customer service representative at an outsourced call center, at work with a co-worker born and raised in a different part of the country. We ourselves may even be that person.

    You may have asked yourself, "Why does that person have an accent, even though they are speaking English fluently?" Or maybe, "Why does everyone tell me I have an accent?" Well, the truth is that we ALL have accents. It just depends on where in the world you happen to be, and who the listener is.

    What, exactly, is an accent?

    An accent is the result of someone learning a second language, then applying the rules of pronunciation and stress patterns from the first (or native) language to the second. It probably sounds a little confusing, so let's put it another way. The way that we speak is very individualized. No two people will pronounce their words and sounds exactly the same. The minority variations can come from different voice pitches and intonation patterns. But it also comes from the habits that we have developed over our lives. These habits shape how we will sound when learning a second language. The accent that others hear when we are talking is what happens when we use our old speech habits from our first language and use them to speaking the new, second language. We have not learned to use the "new" habits associated with the second language. If you were born in India and come to the United States for work, most likely you will be told that you have an accent, no matter how fluent your American English is. The same would be true for an American visiting Paris and trying to speak French. The person you are talking to will hear the difference right away.

    OK, What's next?

    Now that we know what an accent is, what can we do to make it easier to understand someone with an accent? One way to address this is to seek out Accent Reduction services. These services are designed to help someone learn new habits in order to improve pronunciation of the sounds in that second language. Although, in reality, a person is not actually reducing their accent. It's still there, but they will be able to speak clear by modifying the way they sound. This creates the perception that the accent has been reduced or lost.

    Accent reduction services can be offered to both individuals and small groups, usually no larger than 5 to maximizeize benefit to all participants. The sessions can be packaged in 7-week or 13-week workshops as well as in 3-day intensive courses designed for busy professionals with limited time to attend sessions. These workshops can be connected on site or at another location, such as your home or the trainer's office.

    In these workshops you will typically learn how to pronounce the consonants and vowels of the new language, along with learning new stress and intonation patterns. The goal of the workshops is to help you communicate clear and be understood better, NOT to "lose" your accent. Remember that an accent is not a negative trait. It can show us a person who has taken the time and dedication to learn a new language later in life; a daunting yet admirable task. Seeking accent reduction services will only enhance the communication experience and allow an accent to become an asset.

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    Source by Francine Vasquez

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  • Pneumonia Is an Acute Inflammation of the Lungs Caused by Infection

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    Introduction.

    Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Pneumonia is a very common disease and cut across all ages. It could have a dramatic and bizarre presentation in the extreme of ages.

    Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. Pneumonia kills an estimated 1.1 million children under the age of five annually. The respiratory tract is exposed to the atmosphere. To prevent infection, the airways have some inbuilt defence mechanism. The presence of some antibodies like IgA and IgG and anti-inflammatory effect of surfactant present in the respiratory tract protects the respiratory tract against infection.

    A cough is a relax mechanism that helps to clear the airways of foreign body and secretions from the upper and the lower respiratory tract. The presence of cilia in the airways helps to filter the air as it goes through the airways into the lungs. Infection result when there is the breakdown in this defence mechanism.

    The upper airway and oropharynx are colonized by some pathogens referred to as normal body flora rendered harmless by host defences. However, they can cause infection when the host immunity is compromised. Infection develops when the pathogen is inhaled or aspirated or reach the lungs via the bloodstream or contagious spread overcome the multiple host defence mechanism.

    1. Etiology

    Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungi and parasite.

    i. Bacteria: The following bacteria are common bacteria responsible for pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus Aureus, Hemophilus Influenza etc.

    ii. Virus: Respiratory syncytia virus, Adenovirus, Influenza virus etc.

    iii. Fungi: The common fungi pathogens include: Histoplasma Capsuslatum,

    Coccidiodes immitis.

    iv. Parasites: Paragonimus Westermani and Toxocera Canis are most Prominent.

    2. Risk factors for pneumonia include:

    i. Cigarette smoking

    ii. Chronic Lung Disease

    iii. Dementia

    iv. Stoke

    v. Brain injury

    vi. Immune system problem HIV/AIDS

    vii. Treatment for cancer.

    viii. Other serious diseases like heart disease

    ix. Diabetes mellitus

    x. Prolonged bed rest

    3. Signs and Symptoms:

    The symptoms include:

    i. Malaise

    ii. Fever

    iii. A cough

    A cough is always dry in infants and usually dry at onset in adult, but later productive of rusty yellowish sputum, chest pain usually localized to the area of the lungs affected.

    Pneumonia may manifest as upper abdominal pain especially when the lower lobe of the infected lungs irritates the diaphragm.

    Symptoms become variable at the extreme of age. Infection in infants may manifest as non-specific irritability and restlessness; in the elderly, as confusion and obtundation. When sputum contains blood TB Pneumonia must be suspected.

    The Sign includes:

    i. Fever

    ii. Fast heartbeat.

    The chest will be dull to percussion over the area of the lungs affected, bronchial breath sounds and crackles are hard at auscultations during resolution. Cyanosis is common in the infant; fever may not be present in the elderly.

    4. Diagnosis.

    Diagnosis of Pneumonia is suspected based on clinical findings and confirmed by investigation. Chest X-ray, PVC, full blood count; sputum culture may not yield an organism in more than 50% of cases. Electrolyte and urea, blood culture especially patient who acquire the disease after prolonged hospital admission.

    5. Treatment.

    The treatment of pneumonia can be done on outpatient bases in mild cases. In the severe case, in the very young and the very old, hospital admission is required. The use of appropriate antibiotics, analgesic and other supportive therapy like intravenous infusion and oxygen may be necessary.

    6. Complication.

    i. Pneumonia may result in pleura effusion (accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity).

    ii. Lung accesses can also result especially when pneumonia complicates aspiration.

    7. Prognosis.

    The outcome of treatment is usually very good. Patient on outpatient treatment should show appreciable improvement over 24-72 hours. Patients on admission always show signs of rapid improvement if there is no morbidity.

    Death may occur from pneumonia itself, progress to septicemia or from co-morbidity. Aspiration is a major risk factor for death, especially in the older age group.

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    Source by Odewoye Sunday Francis

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  • The History of the Milling Machine

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    Milling machines came originally from machine tools called rotary files. They were circular cutters that worked inside of a lathe. This machine was originally developed because hand filing materials was taking too long.

    The first of the milling machines was between the years 1814 and 1818. There were two armories that used the first milling machines, and they were called Springfield and Harpers Ferry. Soon after, various private factories began using these machine tools to quickly produce machined products at a rate much faster than what any number of workers using hand files could do on their own.

    Many private inventors began creating these machines at the same time. The most famous of these was Eli Whitney, who is generally given the honor of having created the first "true" milling machine. Other inventors have also been credited with contributing to the process, such as Robert Johnson, Captain John H. Hall, Simeon North, Roswell Lee, Thomas Blanchard, and others from Harpers Ferry, Springfield, and other locations running machine tools in the early 19th century.

    There is some controversy surrounding either Eli Whitney actually created the first milling machine itself or not. Some schools, such as Peter Banda, claim that the machine that was long credited to Whitney was not actually created until after his death.

    The early part of the 19th century, such as the teens, were critical for the development of milling machines. For example, the inventor James Nasymyth made milling machines that were quite advanced because they could mill a hex nut used in indexing fixtures, even though they had six sides.

    One problem that Eli Whitney's milling machines had classically, is that it had no room for the knee to move up and down during the milling process. Machine tools used by the Gay & Silver Corporation in the 1830s fixed this oversight, so making it much more comfortable for people to use it, which increased productivity.

    A reason for this oversight is probably because Whitney never envisioned just how far milling machines would be used. He thought that the machine tools would be used as a way to allow workers to not hand file everything. He likely envisioned a process where workers would use the machine for the rough parts of the project, and then finish up with hand files for the rest. The idea that hand filing would be eliminated by the machines would've been a surprise.

    The Lincoln miller was a very influential machine from the 1840s. It was developed by George S. Lincoln & Company who made one for the Colt armory in 1855. This miller also had the problem of having no way to position it vertically. The development of machines that had better vertical positioning would not come until the problem was noticed later on.

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    Source by Dudley Meredith

    Views: 0

  • Five Things You Should Never Do At A Movie Grill

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    Even though we’re civilized people who understand that a society needs rules, the last thing we might associate with a place with rules is a movie grill. If you think about it, a movie grill is supposed to be the leading model of how a movie theater should run. It keeps the customer as its top priority, so the notion that there would be anything the customer couldn’t do seems a little contradictory.

    Then again, it is important for folks to remember that a movie grill is also a business that caters to a large number of people. If they, or any other business, allowed their customers to go “willy-nilly” and do whatever they wanted, you’d have chaos. Movie grills are about making the moviegoing public feel at home while providing a top-of-the-line movie experience. This means that for all of the fun and innovation, there are some things you probably shouldn’t be doing.

    Here are a few things you probably shouldn’t do at a movie grill:

    Don’t Arrive Late – Obviously, life can get in the way, but try to arrive a bit early for your movie. There is usually have a limit as to how late they will see someone, so be sure to check with your local theater about their policy.

    Don’t Forget about Age Limits & Requirements – Though the MPAA ratings system is a guide for moviegoers, your theater may also have limits in terms of the ages of prospective young viewers. Moreover, if you have very young kids, there might be policy info that pertains to best times for certain ages.

    Don’t Forget about Cut-off Times for Food and Drink – Alcohol consumption has cut-offs based on local laws, and when it comes to food, movie grills want to have customers close out checks prior to the end of the movie. As such, food service usually ends about 30-40 minutes prior to the end of a movie to help in this pursuit.

    Don’t Fret About Having A Printed Ticket – If you purchased tickets at home but couldn’t print them out, you can either use a lobby kiosk to print out your tickets, or you could go to the box office for help. If you’re big with technology, you can also use a QR code for paperless ticketing.

    Don’t Be Disruptive – As in any movie theater, don’t be disruptive during the movie. This includes phone use, talking, and constantly moving around. This is big as well for families who are used to having their kids using mobile devices or who have a hard time being still.

    Movie grill or not, these “should nots” are common sense in nearly all applications. Part of what is being asked of you as a customer, a consumer, and as a fellow person is to be considerate of those around you and of those who are there to serve you. That said, movie grills have taken the industry by storm for the last two decades, so you owe it to yourself to check one out. You just might find it to be the place to go for a night out on the town.

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    Source by Morris Raymond

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  • Divorce – Done With Dignity and Respect

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    I’d like to think that with nearly 5 million divorces in the UK since the 1980s (about 150,000 per year) we’d be starting to hear stories of what worked and what didn’t when a couple went through their separation. I’d like to see a culture of sharing wisdom with the next generation; knowledge filtering out to men, women, families and lawyers about how best to navigate the divorce journey. I’d like to read in magazines and blogs, accounts of couples who put their children and wellbeing-for-all at the centre of their decision to shift from nuclear to extended family and that actually they made the subsequent life changes with ease and with a feeling of control and empowerment.

    As yet, I’m really not seeing that information making its way in the mainstream media, however, I am meeting more and more couples who want a respectfully separation and a working co-parenting relationship going forward.

    They’re in agreement that living together is not bringing out the best in themselves or their children

    They don’t want to invest £5000 – £25,000 in joint solicitor and lawyer fees when a divorce can be simply mediated and cost-effectively processed (and with the saved fees they can each holiday for a week in the sun!)

    Here are the Top 3 suggestions on how to go about a peaceful divorce process:

    1. Reject the myth of ‘divorce as a battle’

    Choosing to separate because a marriage is no longer the best working model for a partnership or for parenting can be very liberating. The tradition model is one of conflict and battle and even when a couple can see the sense in divorce, often by the time they’ve each hired a lawyer to ‘protect their best interests’, the subtle suggestions of ‘you could get more; you’ve been mistreated; your children might be taken away’ will drive a them into panic, blame and more legal-fee spending.

    A more peaceful and up-to-date way of divorcing is to plan for a series of conversations (difficult at first perhaps – but they get easier) based around a concept of ‘more for all and less to none’. A couple and their children (age appropriately) can all be involved in these. Over a number of weeks and months a respectful and clear plan and time frame begins to evolve. Once that’s defined for everyone and all are in agreement, only then does the formal paperwork and reasons get passed to a family lawyer to be filed through the courts.

    2. Manage your expectations: commit 6 months to the process

    The right mindset from the beginning is the trick to divorcing peacefully and in a reasonable time scale. There can be many mediated group and 1-2-1 conversations to be had during this time; each helping to clarify the wisest arrangements for both parties in relation to children, living arrangements, finances, work, re-training (if one parent requires extra support to up-skill to work for more income in the future), separation of possessions, holidays, pensions and future flexibility to re-negotiate the terms.

    Will the transition be painful? – it’s different for everyone, but probably. Keep in mind that it will ease in time (especially if couples priorities compassion) and then remaining in a dissatisfying marriage for another 1-5 years before you get to this point creates extended hurt anyway.

    3. Trust that conscious co-parenting is in your children’s best interest

    Children sense tension in a household even if they can’t put it into words. They can end up being emotionally better off in the long term once their parents agree to step up, communicate and make some changes. It might be that, through some mediated conversations, some new skills and knowledge are learned and a marriage takes on a new lease of life and everyone is happier (it happens!); and it could also be that separating whilst keeping the children’s best interests at the centre of the changes brings similar happiness over time too.

    For sure this is not a simple subject and relationships are different for everyone. Life is long and it’s a good principle to re-confirm that you have many choices of how the future can be.

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    Source by Jennifer Broadley

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