Tag: wisdom

  • Byways of Blessedness By James Allen

    Byways of Blessedness By James Allen

    Foreword

    Alongside the highways of Burma there’s positioned, at common distances away from the mud of the street, and beneath the cool shade of a gaggle of timber, a small wood constructing referred to as a “rest-house”, the place the weary traveller might relaxation some time, and allay his thirst and assuage his starvation and fatigue by partaking of the meals and water which the kindly inhabitants place there as a spiritual responsibility.

    Alongside the nice freeway of life there are such resting locations; away from the warmth of ardour and the mud of disappointment, beneath the cool and refreshing shade of lowly Knowledge, are the common-or-garden, unimposing “rest-houses” of peace, and the little, virtually unnoticed, byways of blessedness, the place alone the weary and footsore can discover energy and therapeutic.

    Nor can these byways be ignored with out struggling. Alongside the nice street of life, hurrying, and keen to achieve some illusive purpose, presses the multitude, despising the apparently insignificant “rest-houses” of true thought, not heeding the slender little byways of blessed motion, which they regard as unimportant; and hour by hour males are fainting and falling, and numbers that can’t be counted perish of heart-hunger, heart-thirst, and heart-fatigue.

    However he who will step other than the passionate press, and can deign to note and to enter the byways that are right here offered, his dusty toes shall press the incomparable flowers of blessedness, his eyes be gladdened with their magnificence, and his thoughts refreshed with their candy fragrance. Rested and sustained, he’ll escape the fever and the delirium of life, and, sturdy and completely satisfied, he won’t fall fainting within the mud, nor perish by the best way, however will efficiently accomplish his journey.

    James Allen

    Broad Park Avenue
    Ilfracombe, England.

    1. Proper Beginnings

    “All frequent issues, every day’s occasions,
    That with the hour start and finish;
    Our pleasures and our discontents
    Are rounds by which we might ascend.”

    “We have now not wings, we can’t soar;
    However we’ve got toes to scale and climb.”

    Longfellow.

    “For frequent life, its desires
    And methods, would I set forth in beauteous hues.”

    Browning.

    Life is stuffed with beginnings. They’re offered day-after-day and each hour to each individual. Most beginnings are small, and seem trivial and insignificant, however in actuality they’re crucial issues in life.

    See how within the materials world every part proceeds from small beginnings. The mightiest river is at first a rivulet over which the grasshopper might leap; the nice flood commences with a number of drops of rain; the sturdy oak, which has endured the storms of a thousand winters, was as soon as an acorn; and the smouldering match, carelessly dropped, would be the technique of devastating an entire city by fireplace.

    Think about, additionally, how within the religious world the best issues proceed from smallest beginnings. A lightweight fancy would be the inception of a beautiful invention or an immortal murals; a spoken sentence might flip the tide of historical past; a pure thought entertained might result in the train of a world-wide regenerative energy; and a momentary animal impulse might result in the darkest crime.

    Have you ever but found the huge significance of beginnings? Do you actually know what’s concerned in a starting? Have you learnt the variety of beginnings you might be continuosly making, and realise their full import? If not, include me for a short while, and thoughtfully discover this a lot ignored byway of blessedness, for blessed it’s when correctly resorted to, and far energy and luxury it holds for the understanding thoughts.

    A starting is a trigger, and as such it have to be adopted by an impact, or a prepare of results, and the impact will all the time be of the identical nature because the trigger. The character of an preliminary impulse will all the time decide the physique of its outcomes. A starting additionally presupposes an ending, a consummation, achievement, or purpose. A gate results in a path, and the trail results in some explicit vacation spot; so a starting results in outcomes, and outcomes result in a completion.

    There are proper beginnings and mistaken beginnings, that are adopted by results of a like nature. You may, by cautious thought, keep away from mistaken beginnings and make proper beginnings, and so escape evil outcomes and revel in good outcomes.

    There are beginnings over which you don’t have any management and authority- these are with out, within the universe, on this planet of nature round you, and in different individuals who have the identical liberty as your self.

    Don’t concern your self with these beginnings, however direct your energies and a focus to these beginnings over which you will have full management and authority, and which deliver in regards to the difficult net of outcomes which compose your life. These beginnings are to be discovered within the realm of your individual ideas and actions; in your psychological angle beneath the number of circumstances by which you go; in your conduct day-to-day – in brief, in your life as you make it, which is your world of excellent or in poor health.

    In aiming on the lifetime of Blessedness one of many easiest beginnings to be thought-about and rightly made is that which all of us make on a regular basis – specifically, the start of every day’s life.

    How do you start every day? At what hour do you rise? How do you start your duties? In what way of thinking do you enter upon the sacred lifetime of a brand new day? What reply are you able to give your coronary heart to those necessary questions? You’ll discover that a lot happiness or unhappiness follows upon the appropriate or mistaken starting of the day, and that, when day-after-day is correctly begun, completely satisfied and harmonious sequences will mark its course, and life in its totality won’t fall far wanting the best blessedness.

    It’s a proper and powerful starting to the day to rise at an early hour. Even when your worldly responsibility doesn’t demand it, it’s sensible to make of it an obligation, and start the day strongly by shaking off indolence. How are you to develop strength of mind and thoughts and physique should you start day-after-day by yielding to weak spot? Self-indulgence is all the time adopted by unhappiness. Individuals who lie in mattress until a late hour are by no means brilliant and cheerful and contemporary, however are the prey of irritabilities, depressions, debilities, nervous issues, irregular fancies, and all sad moods. That is the heavy worth which they must pay for his or her day by day indulgence. But, so blinding is the pandering to self that, just like the drunkard who takes his day by day dram within the perception that it’s bracing up the nerves which it’s on a regular basis shattering, so the lie-a-bed is satisfied that lengthy hours of ease are obligatory for him as a doable treatment for these very moods and weaknesses and issues of which his indulgence is the trigger. Women and men are completely unaware of the nice losses which they entail by this frequent indulgence: lack of energy each of thoughts and physique, lack of prosperity, lack of information, and lack of happiness.

    Start the day, then, by rising early. In case you have no object in doing so, by no means thoughts; stand up, and exit for a mild stroll among the many beauties of nature, and you’ll expertise a buoyancy, a freshness, and a delight, to not say a peace of thoughts, which can amply reward you to your effort. One good effort is adopted by one other; and when a person begins the day by rising early, regardless that with no different function in view, he’ll discover that the silent early hour is conducive to clearness of thoughts and tranquility of thought, and that his early morning stroll is enabling him to develop into a consecutive thinker, and so to see life and its issues, in addition to himself and his affairs, in a clearer gentle; and so in time he’ll rise early with the categorical function of making ready and harmonising his thoughts to fulfill any and each issue with knowledge and calm energy.

    There’s, certainly, a religious affect within the early morning hour, a divine silence and an inexpressible repose, and he who, purposeful and powerful, throws off the mantle of ease and climbs the hills to greet the morning solar will thereby climb no inconsiderable distance up the hills of blessedness and fact.

    The best starting of the day will probably be adopted by cheerfulness on the morning meal, permeating the house-hold with a sunny affect; and the duties and duties of the day will probably be undertaken in a powerful and assured spirit, and the entire day will probably be properly lived.

    Then there’s a sense during which day-after-day could also be considered the start of a brand new life, during which one can suppose, act, and reside newly, and in a wiser and higher spirit.

    “Day-after-day is a contemporary starting;
    Each morn is the world made new,
    Ye who’re weary of sorrow and sinning,
    Here’s a stunning hope for you,
    A hope for me and a hope for you.”

    Don’t dwell upon the sins and errors of yesterday so completely as to haven’t any vitality and thoughts left for dwelling rightly immediately, and don’t suppose that the sins of yesterday can stop you from dwelling purely immediately. Start immediately aright, and, aided by the collected experiences of all of your previous days, reside it higher than any of your earlier days; however you can’t presumably reside it higher except you start it higher. The character of the entire day relies upon upon the best way it’s begun.

    One other starting which is of nice significance is the start of any explicit and accountable enterprise. How does a person start the constructing of a home? He first secures a plan of the proposed edifice after which proceeds to construct in response to the plan, scrupulously following it in each element, starting with the inspiration. Ought to he neglect the start – specifically, the acquiring of a mathematical plan – his labour could be wasted, and his constructing, ought to it attain completion with out tumbling to items, could be insecure and nugatory. The identical legislation holds good in any necessary work: the appropriate starting and first important is a particular psychological plan on which to construct. Nature could have no slipshod work, no slovenliness, and she or he annihilates confusion, or relatively, confusion is in itself annihilation. Order, definiteness, function eternally and universally prevail, and he who in his operations ignores these mathematical parts directly deprives himself of substantiality, completeness, success.

    “Life with out a plan,
    As ineffective because the second it started,
    Serves merely as a soil for discontent
    To thrive in, an encumbrance ere half spent.”

    Let a person begin in enterprise with out having in his thoughts a superbly shaped plan to systematically pursue and he will probably be incoherent in his efforts and can fail in his enterprise operations. The legal guidelines which have to be noticed within the constructing of a home additionally function within the build up of a enterprise. A particular plan is adopted by coherent effort; and coherent effort is adopted by well-knit and orderly outcomes – to wit, completeness, perfection, success, happiness.

    However not solely mechanical and business enterprise – all undertakings, of in any way nature, come beneath this legislation. The creator’s e book, the artist’s image, the orator’s speech, the reformer’s work, the inventor’s machine, the final’s marketing campaign, are all rigorously deliberate within the thoughts earlier than the try and actualise them is commenced; and in accordance with the unity, solidarity, and perfection of the unique psychological plan would be the precise and supreme success of the enterprise.

    Profitable males, influential males, good males are those that, amongst different issues, have discovered the worth and utilised the ability which lies hidden in these obscure beginnings which the silly man passes by as “insignificant.”

    However crucial starting of all – that upon which afflication or blessedness inevitably relies upon, but is most uncared for and least understood – is the inception of thought within the hidden, however causal area of the thoughts. Your complete life is a collection of results having their trigger in thought – in your individual thought. All conduct is made and moulded by thought; all deeds, good or dangerous, are ideas made seen. A seed put into the bottom is the start of a plant or tree; the seed germinates, the plant or tree comes forth into the sunshine and evolves. A thought put into the thoughts is the start of a line of conduct: the thought first sends down its roots into the thoughts, after which pushes forth into the sunshine within the types of actions or conduct, which evolve into character and future.

    Hateful, offended, envious, covetous, and impure ideas are mistaken beginnings, which result in painful outcomes. Loving, mild, sort, unselfish and pure ideas are proper beginnings, which result in blissful outcomes. That is so easy, so plain, so completely true! and but how uncared for, how evaded, and the way little understood!

    The gardener who most rigorously research how, when, and the place to place in his seeds obtains the very best outcomes and good points the higher horticultural information. The most effective crops gladden the soul of him who makes the very best starting. The person who most patiently research how one can put into his thoughts the seeds of sturdy, healthful, and charitable ideas, will acquire the very best ends in life, and can achieve higher information of fact. The best blessedness involves him, who infuses into his thoughts the purest and noblest ideas.

    None however proper acts can comply with proper ideas; none however a proper life can comply with proper acts – and by dwelling a proper life all blessedness is achieved.

    He who considers the character and import of his ideas, who strives day by day to remove dangerous ideas and supplant them with good, comes eventually to see that ideas are the beginnings of outcomes which have an effect on each fibre of his being, which potently affect each occasion and circumstance of his life. And when he thus sees, he thinks solely proper ideas, chooses to make solely these psychological beginnings which result in peace and blessedness.

    Incorrect ideas are painful of their inception, painful of their progress, and painful of their fruitage. Proper ideas are blissful of their inception, blissful of their progress, and blissful of their fruitage.

    Many are the appropriate beginnings which a person should uncover and undertake on his strategy to knowledge; however that which is first and final, most necessary and all embracing, which is the supply and fountain of all abiding happiness, is the appropriate starting of the psychological operations – this means the regular growth of self-control, will-power, steadfastness, energy, purity, gentleness, perception, and comprehension. It results in the perfecting of life, for he who thinks completely has abolished all unhappiness, his each second is peaceable, his years are rounded with bliss – he has attained to the whole and ideal blessedness.

    2. Small Duties and Duties

    “Wrapped in our nearest responsibility is the important thing
    Which shall unlock for us the Heavenly Gate:
    Unveiled, the Heavenly Imaginative and prescient he shall see,
    Who cometh not too early nor too late.”

    “Just like the star
    That shines afar,
    With out haste
    And with out relaxation,

    Let every man wheel with regular sway
    Spherical the duty that guidelines the day,
    And do his greatest.”

    Goethe.

    As ache and bliss inevitably comply with on mistaken and proper beginnings, so unhappiness and blessedness are inseparably sure up with small duties and duties. Not {that a} responsibility has any energy of itself to bestow happiness or the reverse – that is contained within the angle of the thoughts which is assumed in the direction of the responsibility – and every part relies upon upon the best way during which it’s approached and performed.

    Not solely nice happiness however nice energy arises from doing little issues unselfishly, correctly, and completely, for all times in its totality is made up of little issues. Knowledge inheres within the frequent particulars of on a regular basis existence, and when the elements are made excellent the Entire will probably be with out blemish.

    All the things within the universe is made up of little issues, and the perfection of the nice is predicated upon the perfection of the small. If any element of the universe had been imperfect the Entire could be imperfect. If any particle had been omitted the combination would stop to be. And not using a grain of mud there could possibly be no world, and the world is ideal as a result of the grain of mud is ideal. Neglect of the small is confusion of the nice. The snowflake is as excellent because the star; the dew drop is as symmetrical because the planet; the microbe will not be much less mathematically proportioned than the person. By laying stone upon stone, plumbing and becoming every with excellent adjustment, the temple eventually stands forth in all its architectural magnificence. The small precedes the nice. The small will not be merely the apologetic attendant of the nice, it’s its grasp and informing genius.

    Useless males are bold to be nice, and look about to do some good thing, ignoring and despising the little duties which name for instant consideration, and within the doing of which there is no such thing as a vainglory, relating to such “trivia” as beneath the discover of nice males. The idiot lacks information as a result of he lacks humility, and, inflated with the considered self-importance, he goals at inconceivable issues.

    The good man has develop into such by the scrupulous and unselfish consideration which he has given to small duties. He has develop into sensible and highly effective by sacrificing ambition and delight within the doing of these obligatory issues which evoke no applause and promise no reward. He by no means sought greatness; he sought faithfulness, unselfishness, integrity, fact; and to find these within the frequent spherical of small duties and duties he unconsciously ascended to the extent of greatness.

    The good man is aware of the huge worth that inheres in moments, phrases, greetings, meals, attire, correspondence, relaxation, work, indifferent efforts, fleeting obligations, within the thousand-and-one little issues which press upon him for consideration – briefly, within the frequent particulars of life. He sees every part as divinely apportioned, needing solely the appliance of dispassionate thought and motion on his half to render life blessed and ideal. He neglects nothing; doesn’t hurry; seeks to flee nothing however error and folly; attends to each responsibility as it’s offered to him, and doesn’t postpone and remorse. By giving himself unreservedly to his nearest responsibility, forgetting alike pleasure and ache, he attains to that mixed childlike simplicity and unconscious energy which is greatness.

    The recommendation of Confucius to his disciples: “Eat at your individual desk as you’ll on the desk of a king,” emphasises the immeasurable significance of little issues, as additionally does that aphorism of one other nice trainer, Buddha: “If something is to be performed, let a person do it, let him assault it vigorously.” To neglect small duties, or to execute them in a perfunctory or slovenly method, is a mark of weak spot and folly.

    The giving of 1’s whole and unselfish consideration to each responsibility in its correct place evolves, by a pure progress, greater and ever greater combos of duties, as a result of it evolves energy and develops expertise, genius, goodness, character. A person ascends into greatness as naturally and unconsciously because the plant evolves a flower, and in the identical method, by becoming, with unabated vitality and diligence, each effort and element in its correct place, thus harmonising his life and character with out friction or waste of energy.

    Of the just about innumerable recipes for the event of “will-power” and “focus” which at the moment are scattered overseas, one appears to be like virtually in useless for any healthful trace relevant to important expertise. “Breathings,” “postures,” “visualisings,” “occult strategies” are practices as delusive as they’re synthetic and distant from all that’s actual and important in life; whereas the true path – the trail of responsibility, of earnest and undivided software to 1’s day by day activity – alongside which alone will-power and focus of thought will be wholesomely and usually developed, stays unknown, untrodden, unexplored even by the elect.

    All unnatural forcing and straining as a way to achieve “energy” ought to be deserted. There isn’t a method from childhood to manhood however by progress; neither is there some other method from folly to knowledge, from ignorance to information, from weak spot to energy. A person should discover ways to develop little by little and day after day, by including thought to thought, effort to effort, deed to deed.

    It’s true the fakir good points some type of energy by his lengthy persistence in “postures” and “mortifications,” however it’s a energy which is purchased at a heavy worth, and that worth is an equal lack of energy in one other path. He’s by no means a powerful, helpful character, however a mere incredible specialist in some psychological trick. He isn’t a developed man, he’s a maimed man.

    True will-power consists in overcoming the irritabilities, follies, rash impulses and ethical lapses which accompany the day by day lifetime of the person, and that are apt to manifest themselves on each slight provocation; and in growing calmness, self-possession, and dispassionate motion within the press and warmth of worldly duties, and within the midst of the passionate and unbalanced throng. Something wanting this isn’t true energy, and this could solely be developed alongside the conventional pathway of regular progress in executing ever increasingly more masterfully, unselfishly, and completely the day by day spherical of respectable duties and urgent obligations.

    The grasp will not be he whose “psychological accomplishments,” rounded by thriller and marvel, go away him in unguarded moments the prey of irritability, of remorse, of peevishness, or different petty folly or vice, however he whose “mastery” is manifested in fortitude, non-resentment, steadfastness, calmness, and infinite endurance. The true Grasp is grasp of himself; something aside from this isn’t mastery however delusion. The person who units his complete thoughts on the doing of every activity as it’s offered, who places into it vitality and intelligence, shutting all else out from his thoughts, and striving to do this one factor, regardless of how small, utterly and completely, detaching himself from all reward in his activity – that man will day-after-day be buying higher command over his thoughts, and can, by ever-ascending levels, develop into eventually a person of energy – a Grasp.

    Put your self unreservedly into your current activity, and so work, so act, so reside that you just shall go away every activity a completed piece of labour – that is the true strategy to the acquisition of will-power, focus of thought, and conservation of vitality. Look not about for magical formulation, for strained and synthetic strategies. Each useful resource is already with you and inside you. You have got however to learn the way correctly to use your self in that place which you now occupy. Till that is performed these different and better locations that are ready for you can’t be taken possession of, can’t be reached.

    There isn’t a strategy to energy and knowledge however by appearing strongly and correctly within the current second, and every current second reveals its personal activity. The good man, the sensible man does small issues significantly relating to nothing as “trivial” that’s obligatory. The weak man, the silly man, does small issues carelessly, and meanly, hankering the whereas after, some higher work for which, in his neglect and incapability in small issues, he’s ceaselessly promoting his incapacity. The person who leasts governs himself is all the time extra bold to control others and assume necessary duties. “Who so neglects a factor which he suspects he should do as a result of it appears too small a factor is deceiving himself; it’s not too little however too nice for him that he doeth it not.”

    And simply because the sturdy doing of small duties results in higher energy, so the doing of these duties weakly results in higher weak spot. What a person is in his fractional duties that he’s within the mixture of his character. Weak point is as nice a supply of struggling as sin, and there will be no true blessedness till some measure of energy of character is advanced. The weak man turns into sturdy by attaching worth to little issues and doing them accordingly. The sturdy man turns into weak by falling into looseness and neglect regarding small issues, thereby forfeiting his easy knowledge and squandering his vitality. Herein we see the beneficent operation of that legislation of progress which is expressed within the little understood phrases: “To him that hath shall be given, and from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.” Man immediately good points or loses by each thought he thinks, each phrase he says, each act he does, and each work to which he places hand and coronary heart. His character from second to second is a graduating amount, to or from which some measure of excellent is added or subtracted throughout each second, and the achieve or loss is concerned, even to absoluteness, in every thought, phrase, and deed as these comply with one another in speedy sequence.

    He who masters the small turns into the rightful possessor of the nice. He who’s mastered by the small can obtain no superlative victory.

    Life is a sort of cooperative belief during which the entire is of the character of, and dependent upon, the unit.

    A profitable enterprise, an ideal machine, an excellent temple, or a fantastic character is advanced from the right adjustment of a multliplicity of elements.

    The silly man thinks that little faults, little indulgences, little sins, are of no consequence; he persuades himself that as long as he doesn’t commit flagrant immoralities he’s virtuous, and even holy; however he’s thereby disadvantaged of advantage, and holiness, and the world is aware of him accordingly; it doesn’t reverence, adore, and love him; it passes him by; he’s reckoned of no account; his affect is destroyed. The efforts of such a person to make the world virtuous, his exhortations to his fellow-men to desert nice vices, are empty of substance and barren of fruitage. The insignificance which he attaches to his small vices permeates his complete character and is the measure of his manhood: he’s considered an insignificant man. The levity with which he commits his errors and publishes his weak spot comes again to him within the type of neglect and lack of affect and respect: he’s not wanted, for who will search to be taught of folly? His work doesn’t prosper, for who will lean upon a reed? His phrases fall upon deaf ears, for they’re void of observe, knowledge, and expertise, and who will go after an echo?

    The sensible man, or he who’s turning into sensible, sees the hazard which lurks in these frequent private faults which males largely commit thoughtlessly and with impunity; he additionally sees the salvation which inheres within the abandonment of these faults, in addition to within the observe of virtuous ideas and acts which the bulk disregard as unimportant, and in these quiet however momentous day by day conquests over self that are hidden from different’s eyes.

    He who regards his molest delinquencies as of the gravest nature turns into a saint. He sees the far reaching affect, good or dangerous, which extends from his each thought and act, and the way he himself is made or unmade by the soundness or unsoundness of these innumerable particulars of conduct which mix to kind his character and life, and so he watches, guards, purifies, and perfects himself little by little and step-by-step.

    Because the ocean consists of drops, the earth of grains, and the celebs of factors of sunshine, so is life composed of ideas and acts; with out these, life wouldn’t be. Each man’s life, due to this fact, is what his apparently indifferent ideas and acts make it. There mixture is himself. Because the yr consists, of a given variety of sequential moments, so a person’s character and life consists of a given variety of sequential ideas and deeds, and the completed complete will bear the impress of the elements.

    “All types of issues and climate
    Should be taken in collectively,
    To make up a yr
    And a sphere.”

    Little kindnesses, generosities, and sacrifices make up a form and beneficiant character. Little renounciations, endurances, and victories over self make up a powerful and noble character. The actually trustworthy man is trustworthy within the minutest particulars of his life. The noble man is noble in each little factor he says and does.

    It’s a deadly delusion with males to suppose that life is indifferent from the momentary thought and act, and to not perceive that the passing thought and deed is the inspiration and substance of life. When that is absolutely understood all issues are seen as sacred, and each act turns into spiritual. Reality is wrapped up in infinitesimal particulars. Thoroughness is genius.

    “Possessions vanish, and opinions change,
    And passions maintain a fluctuating seat:
    However, by the storms of circumstance unshaken,
    And topic neither to eclipse nor wane,
    Obligation exists.”

    You don’t reside your life within the mass; you reside it within the fragments and from these the mass emerges. You may will to reside every fragment nobly should you select, and, this being performed, there will be no particle of baseness within the completed complete. The saying “Handle the pence and the kilos will care for themselves” is seen to be greater than worldly-wise when utilized spiritually, for, to care for the current, passing act, figuring out that by so doing the entire sum and quantity of life and character will probably be safely preserved, is to be divinely sensible. Don’t lengthy to do nice and laudable issues; these will do themselves should you do your current activity nobly. Don’t chafe on the restrictions and limitations of your current responsibility however be nobly unselfish within the doing of it, placing apart discontent, listlessness, and the silly contemplation of nice deeds which lie past you – and lo! already the greatness for which you sighed begins to look. There isn’t a weak spot like peevishness. Aspire to the attainment of inward the Aristocracy, not outward glory, and start to realize it the place you now are.

    The irksomeness and sting which you are feeling to be in your activity are in your thoughts solely. Alter your angle of thoughts in the direction of it, and directly the crooked path is made straight, the unhappiness is became pleasure.

    See that your each fleeting second is robust, pure, and purposeful; put earnestness and unselfishness into each passing activity and responsibility; make your each thought, phrase, and deed candy and true; thus studying, by observe and expertise, the inestimable worth of the small issues of life, you’ll collect, little by little, considerable and enduring blessedness.

    3. Transcending Difficulties and Perplexities

    And Perplexities “Man who man could be Should rule the empire of himself; in it Should be supreme, establishing his throne On vanquished will, quelling the anarchy Of hopes and fears, being himself alone.”

    Shelley.

    “Have you ever missed in your intention? Effectively, the mark continues to be shining. Did you faint within the race? Effectively, take breath for the subsequent.”

    Ellu Wheelar Wilcose.

    To counsel that any diploma of blessedness could also be extracted from difficulties and perplexities will probably seem absurd to many; however fact is ever paradoxical, and the curses of the silly are the blessings of the sensible. Difficulties come up in ignorance and weak spot, they usually name for the attainment of information and the acquisition of the energy.

    As understanding is acquired by proper dwelling, difficulties develop into fewer, and perplexities progressively fade away, just like the perishable mists which they’re.

    Your issue will not be contained, primarily, within the state of affairs which gave rise to it, however within the psychological state with which you regard that state of affairs and which you deliver to bear upon it. That which is tough to a baby presents no issue to the matured thoughts of the person; and that which to the thoughts of an unintelligent man is surrounded with perplexity would afford no floor for perplexity to an clever man.

    To the untutored and undeveloped thoughts of the kid how nice, and apparently insurmountable, seem the difficulties that are concerned within the studying of some easy lesson. What number of anxious and laborious hours and days, and even months, its resolution prices; and, incessantly, what number of tears are shed in hopeless contemplation of the unmastered, and apparently insurmountable, wall of issue! But the issue is within the ignorance of the kid solely, and its conquest and resolution is completely obligatory for the event of intelligence and for the last word welfare, happiness, and usefulness of the kid.

    Even so is it with the difficulties of life with which older kids are confronted, and which it’s crucial, for their very own progress and growth, that they need to remedy and surmount; and every issue solved means a lot extra expertise gained, a lot extra perception and knowledge acquired; it means a worthwhile lesson discovered, with the added gladness and freedom of a activity efficiently achieved.

    What’s the actual nature of an issue? Is it not a state of affairs which isn’t absolutely grasped and understood in all it bearings? As such, it requires the event and train of a deeper perception and broader intelligence than has hitherto been exercised. It’s an pressing necessity calling forth unused vitality, and demanding the expression and employment of latent energy and hidden sources. It’s, due to this fact, a great angel, albeit disguised; a buddy, a trainer; and, when calmly listened to and rightly understood, results in bigger blessedness and better knowledge.

    With out difficulties there could possibly be no progress, no unfoldment, no evolution; common stagnation would prevail, and humanity would perish of ennui. Let a person rejoice when he’s confronted with obstacles, for it signifies that he has reached the tip of some explicit line of indifference or folly, and is now referred to as upon to summon up all his vitality and intelligence as a way to extricate himself, and to discover a higher method; that the powers inside him are crying out for higher freedom, for enlarged train and scope.

    No state of affairs will be tough of itself; it’s the lack of perception into its intricacies, and the need of knowledge in coping with it, which give rise to the issue. Immeasurable, due to this fact, is the achieve of an issue transcended.

    Difficulties don’t spring into existence arbitrarily and by chance; they’ve their causes, and are referred to as forth by the legislation of evolution itself, by the rising requirements of the person’s being. Herein resides their blessedness.

    There are methods of conduct which finish inevitably in problems and perplexities, and their are methods of conduct which lead, simply as inevitably, out of troublesome complexities. Howsoever tightly a person might have sure himself spherical he can all the time unbind himself. Into whatsover morasses of hassle and trackless wastes of perplexity he might have ignorantly wandered he can all the time discover his method out once more, can all the time recuperate the misplaced freeway of uninvolved simplicity which leads, straight and clear, to the sunny metropolis of sensible and blessed motion. However he won’t ever do that by sitting down and weeping in despair, nor by complaining and worrying and aimlessly wishing he had been in another way located. His dilemma requires alertness, logical thought, and calm calculation. His place requires that he shall strongly command himself; that he shall suppose and search, and rouse himself to strenuous and unremitting exertion as a way to regain himself. Fear and anxiousness solely serve to intensify the gloom and exaggerate the magnitude of the issue. If he’ll however quietly take himself to activity, and retrace, in thought, the kind of intricate method by which he has come to his current place, he’ll quickly understand the place he made errors; will uncover these locations the place he took a false flip, and the place somewhat extra thoughtfulness, judgement, economic system, or self-denial would have saved him. He’ll see how, step-by-step, he has concerned himself, and the way a riper judgement and clearer knowledge would have enabled him to take an altogether totally different and more true course. Having proceeded up to now, and extracted from his previous conduct this priceless grain of golden knowledge, his issue will have already got assumed much less impregnable proportions, and he’ll then be capable of deliver to bear upon it the searchlight of dispassionate thought, to totally anatomize it, to grasp it in all its particulars, and to understand the relation which these particulars bear to the motive supply of motion and conduct inside himself. This being performed, the issue could have ceased, for the straight method out of it should plainly seem, and the person will thus have discovered, forever, his lesson; could have gained an merchandise of knowledge and a measure of blessedness of which he can by no means once more be disadvantaged.

    Simply as there are methods of ignorance, selfishness, folly, and blindness which finish in confusion and perplexity, so there are methods of information, self-denial, knowledge, and perception which result in nice and peaceable consummations. He who is aware of this may meet difficulties in a brave spirit, and, in overcoming them, will evolve fact out of error, bliss out of ache, and peace out of perturbation.

    No man will be confronted with an issue which he has not the energy to fulfill and subdue. Fear will not be merely ineffective, it’s folly, for it defeats that energy and intelligence which is in any other case equal to the duty. Each issue will be overcome if rightly handled; anxiousness is, due to this fact, pointless. The duty which can’t be overcome ceases to be an issue, and turns into an impossibility; and anxiousness continues to be pointless, for there is just one method of coping with an impossibility – specifically, to undergo it. The inevitable is the very best.

    “Heartily know,
    When half-gods go,
    The gods arrive.”

    And simply as home, social, and financial difficulties are born of ignorance and result in riper information, so each spiritual doubt, each mental-perplexity, each heart-beclouding shadow, presages higher religious achieve, is prophetic of a brighter daybreak of intelligence for him on whom it falls.

    It’s a nice day within the lifetime of a person (although on the time he is aware of it not) when bewildering perplexities in regards to the thriller of life take possession of his thoughts, for it signifies that his period of lifeless indifference, of animal sloth, of mere vegetative happiness, has come to an finish, and that henceforth he’s to reside as an aspiring, self-evolving being. Now not a mere human animal, he’ll now start to reside as a person, exerting all his psychological energies to the answer of life’s issues, to the answering of these haunting perplexities that are the sentinels of fact, and which stand on the gate and threshold of the Temple of Knowledge.

    “He it’s who, when nice trials come,
    Nor seeks nor shuns them, however doth calmly keep.”

    Nor will he ever relaxation once more in egocentric ease and listless ignorance; nor sleekly sate himself upon the swine’s husks of fleshly pleasures; nor discover a hiding-place from the ceaseless whisperings of his coronary heart’s darkish and indefinable interrogatories. The divine inside him has woke up; a sleeping god is shaking off the incoherent visions of the night time, by no means once more to slumber, by no means once more to relaxation till his eyes relaxation upon the total, broad day of Reality.

    It’s inconceivable for such a person to hush, for any size of time, the decision to greater functions and achievements which is aroused inside him, for the woke up colleges of his being will ceaselessly urge him on to the unravelling of his perplexities; for him there is no such thing as a extra peace in sin, no extra relaxation in error, no last refuge however in Knowledge.

    Nice would be the blessedness of such a person when, acutely aware of the ignorance of which his doubts and perplexities are born, and acknowledging and understanding that ignorance, not striving to cover himself from it, he earnestly applies himself to its elimination, seeks unremittingly, day after day, for that pathway of sunshine which shall allow him to dispel all of the darkish shadows, dissolve his doubts, and discover the answer to all his urgent issues. And as a baby is glad when it has mastered a lesson lengthy toiled over, simply so a person’s coronary heart turns into gentle and free when he has satisfactorily met some worldly issue; even so, however to a far higher diploma, is the center of a person rendered joyous and peaceable when some important and everlasting query which has been lengthy brooded over and grappled with is eventually utterly answered, and its darkness is for ever dispelled.

    Don’t regard your difficulties and perplexities as portentous of in poor health; by so doing you’ll make them in poor health; however regard them as prophetic of excellent, which, certainly, they’re. Don’t persuade your self that you may evade them; you can’t. Don’t attempt to run away from them; that is inconceivable, for wherever you go they are going to nonetheless be there with you – however meet them calmly and bravely; confront them with all of the dispassion and dignity which you’ll command; weigh up their proportions; analyse them; grasp their particulars; measure their energy; perceive them; assault them, and eventually vanquish them. Thus will you develop energy and intelligence; thus will you enter a kind of byways of blessedness that are hidden from the superficial gaze.

    4. Burden-Dropping

    “This to me is life;
    That if life be a burden, I’ll be part of
    To make it however the burden of a tune.”

    Bailey.

    “Have you ever heard that it was good to achieve the day?
    I additionally say it’s good to fall, battles are misplaced in the identical
    spirit during which they’re gained.”

    Walt Whitman.

    We hear and browse a lot about burden-bearing, however of the higher method of burdendropping little or no is heard or recognized. But why do you have to go about with an oppressive weight at your coronary heart whenever you would possibly relieve your self of it and transfer amongst your fellows heart-free and cheerful? No man carries a load upon his again besides to essentially switch one thing from one place to a different; he doesn’t saddle his shoulders with a perpetual burden, after which regard himself as a martyr for his pains; and why do you have to impose upon your thoughts a ineffective burden, after which add to its weight the miseries of self-condolence and self-pity? Why not abandon each your load and your distress, and thus add to the gladness of the world by first making your self glad? No motive can justify, and no logic help, the ceaseless carrying of a grievous load. As in issues materials a load is simply undertaken as a obligatory technique of transference, and isn’t a supply of sorrow, so in issues religious a burden ought to solely be taken up as a way in the direction of some good and obligatory finish, which, when attained, the burden is put apart; and the carrying of such a burden, removed from being a supply of grief could be a trigger for rejoicing.

    We are saying that bodily mortifications which some spiritual ascetics inflict upon themselves are pointless and useless; and are the psychological mortifications which so many individuals inflict upon themselves much less pointless and useless?

    The place is the burden which ought to trigger unhappiness or sorrow? It doesn’t exist. If a factor is to be performed let it’s performed cheerfully, and never with inward groanings and lamentations. It’s of the best knowledge to embrace necessity as a buddy and information. It’s of the best folly to scowl upon necessity as an enemy, and to want or attempt to overcome or keep away from her. We meet our personal at each flip, and duties solely develop into oppressive hundreds after we refuse to acknowledge and embrace them. He who does any obligatory factor in a niggardly and complaining spirit, searching the whereas after pointless pleasures, lashes himself with the scorpions of distress and disappointment, and imposes upon himself a doubly-weighted burden of weariness and unrest beneath which he incessantly groans.

    “Wake thou, O self, to raised issues;
    To yonder heights uplift thy wings;
    Take up the psalm of life anew;
    Sing of the nice, sing of the true;
    Sing of full victory o’er mistaken;
    Make although a richer, sweeter tune;
    Out of thy doubting, care and ache
    Weave thou a joyous, glad chorus;
    Out of thy thorns a crown weave thou
    Of uncommon rejoicing. Sing thou, now.”

    I’ll give my cheerful, unselfish, and undivided consideration to the doing of all these issues which enter into my compact with life, and, although I stroll beneath colossal duties, I shall be unconscious of any troublesome weight or grievous burden.

    You say a sure factor (an obligation, a companionship, or a social obligation) troubles you, is burdensome, and also you resign your self to oppression with the thought: “I’ve entered into this, and can undergo with it, however it’s a heavy and grievous work.” However is the factor actually burdensome, or is it your selfishness that’s oppressing you? I inform you that that very factor which you regard as so imprisoning a restriction is the primary gateway to your emanicipation; that work which you regard as a perpetual curse incorporates for you the precise blessedness which you vainly persuade your self lies in one other and unapproachable path. All issues are mirrors during which you see your self mirrored, and the gloom which you understand in your work is however a mirrored image of that psychological state which you deliver to it. Deliver a proper, an unselfish, state of coronary heart to the factor, and lo! it’s directly reworked, and turns into a way of energy and blessedness, reflecting again that which you will have dropped at it. If you happen to deliver a scowling face to your trying glass will you complain of the glass that it glowers upon you with a deformed visage, or will you place your face proper, and so get again from the reflector a extra pleasing countenance?

    Whether it is proper and obligatory {that a} factor ought to be performed then the doing of it’s good, and it could actually solely develop into burdensome in wishing to not do it. The egocentric want makes the factor seem evil. Whether it is neither proper nor necesssary {that a} factor ought to be performed then the doing of it as a way to achieve some coveted pleasure is folly, which might solely result in burdensome points.

    The responsibility which you shirk is your reproving angel; the pleasure which you race after is your flattering enemy. Silly man! when will you flip spherical and be sensible?

    It’s the beneficence of the universe that it’s all over the place, and always, urging its creatures to knowledge because it calls for coherence of its atoms. That folly and selfishness entail struggling in ever-increasing levels of depth is preservative and good, for agony is the enemy of apathy and the herald of knowledge.

    What’s painful? What’s grievous? What’s burdensome? Ardour is painful; folly is grievous; selfishness is burdensome.

    “It’s the darkish idolatry of self
    Which, when our ideas and actions as soon as are performed,
    Calls for that man ought to weep, and bleed, and groan.”

    Get rid of ardour, folly and selfishness out of your thoughts and conduct and you’ll remove affected by your life. Burden-dropping consists in abandoning the inward selfishness and placing pure love as a replacement. Go to your activity with love in your coronary heart and you’ll go to it light-hearted and cheerful.

    The thoughts, by ignorance creates its personal burdens and inflicts its personal punishments. Nobody is doomed to hold any load. Sorrow will not be arbitrarily imposed. This stuff are self-made. Motive is the rightful monarch of the thoughts, and anarchy reigns in his religious kingdom when his throne is usurped by ardour. When love of enjoyment is to the fore, heaviness and anguish compose the rear. You’re free to decide on. Even in case you are sure by ardour, and really feel helpless, you will have sure your self, and will not be helpless. The place you will have sure you possibly can unbind. You have got come to your current state by levels, and you may recuperate your self by levels, can reinstate motive and dethrone ardour. The time to keep away from evil is earlier than pleasure is embraced, however, as soon as embraced, its prepare of penalties ought to educate you knowledge. The time to resolve is earlier than duties are adopted, however, as soon as adopted, all egocentric issues, with their attendant grumblings, whinings, and complainings, ought to be religiously excluded from the center. Tasks lose their weight when carried lovingly and correctly.

    What heavy burden is a person weighted with which isn’t made heavier and extra unendurable by weak ideas of egocentric needs? In case your circumstances are “making an attempt” it’s since you want them and might evolve the energy to fulfill them. They’re making an attempt as a result of there’s some weak spot inside you, and they’re going to proceed to be making an attempt till that spot is eradicated. Be glad that you’ve got the chance of turning into stronger and wiser. No circumstances will be making an attempt to knowledge; nothing can weary love. Cease brooding over your individual making an attempt circumstances and ponder the lives of a few of these about you.

    Here’s a girl with a big household who has to make ends meet on a pound every week. She performs all her home duties, all the way down to the washing, finds time to attend on sick neighbours, and manages to maintain completely out of the 2 frequent quagmires – debt and despondency. She is cheerful from morning to nighttime, and by no means complains of her “making an attempt circumstances.” She is perennially cheerful as a result of she is unselfish. She is completely satisfied within the thought that she is the technique of happiness to others. Had been she to brood upon the vacations, the gorgeous baubles, the lazy hours of which she is disadvantaged; of the performs she can’t see, the music she can’t hear, the books she can’t learn, the events she can’t attend, the nice she would possibly do, the friendships she is debarred from forming; of the various pleasures which could solely be hers if her circumstances had been extra beneficial – if she brooded thus what a depressing creature she could be! How unbearably labourious her work would develop into! How each little home responsibility would hold like a millstone about her neck, dragging her all the way down to the grave which, except she altered her way of thinking, she would shortly attain, killed by – selfishness! However, not dwelling in useless needs for herself, she is relieved of all burdens, and is completely satisfied. Cheerfulness and unselfishness are sworn buddies. Love is aware of no heavy toil.

    Right here is one other girl, with a personal earnings which is greater than adequate, mixed with leisure and luxurious, but, as a result of she is known as upon to forfeit a portion of her time, pleasure, and cash to discharge some obligation which she needs to be rid of, and which ought to be to her a piece of loving service, or fostering in her coronary heart some ungratified need, she is perpetually discontented and sad, and complains of “making an attempt circumstances”. Discontent and Selfishness are inseparable companions. Self-love is aware of no joyful labour.

    Of the 2 units of circumstances above depicted (and life is crowded with such contrasted situations) that are the “making an attempt” situations? Is it not true that neither of them are attempting, and that each are blest or unblest in accordance with the measure of affection or selfishness which is infused into them? Shouldn’t be the basis of the entire matter within the thoughts of the person and never within the circumstance?

    When a person, who has lately taken up the research of some department of theology, faith, or “occultism,” says: “If I had not burdened myself with a spouse and household I might have performed a fantastic work; and had I recognized years in the past what I do know now I’d by no means have married.” I do know that that man has not but discovered the most common and broadest method of knowledge (for there is no such thing as a higher folly than remorse), and that he’s incapable of the nice work which he’s so bold to carry out. If a person has such deep love for his fellow-men that he’s anxious to do a fantastic work for humanity he’ll manifest that surpassing love all the time and within the place the place he now could be. His dwelling will probably be stuffed with it, and the sweetness and sweetness and peace of his unselfish love will comply with wherever he goes, making completely satisfied these about him and transmuting all issues into good. The love that goes overseas to air itself, and is undiscoverable at dwelling, will not be love – it’s vainness.

    Have I not seen (Oh, pitiful sight!) the cheerless dwelling and uncared for kids of the misguided missioner and religionist? It’s on such self-delusion as this that self-pity and self-martyrdom ever wait, and its self-inflicted distress is regarded by the deluded one as a holy and spiritual burden which she or he is known as upon to bear.

    Solely a fantastic man can do a fantastic work; and he will probably be nice wherever he’s, and can do his noble work beneath in any way situations he might discover himself when he has unfolded and revealed that work.

    Thou who artwork so anxious to work for humanity, to assist thy fellow-men, start that work from home; assist thyself, thy neighbour, thy spouse, thy little one. Don’t be deluded; till thou doest, with utmost faithfulness, the nearer and the lesser thou canst not do the farther and higher.

    If a person has lived a few years of his life in lust and egocentric pleasure it’s within the order of issues that his collected errors ought to eventually weigh closely upon him, as, till they’re thus introduced dwelling to him, he won’t abandon them, won’t exert himself to discover a higher life; however while he regards his self-made, self-imposed burdens as “holy crosses” imposed upon him by the Supreme, or as marks of superior advantage, or as hundreds which Destiny, circumstances, or different individuals have heaped undeservedly and unjustly upon him, he’s however lengthening out his folly, growing the burden of his burdens, and multiplying his pains and sorrows. Solely when such a person wakes as much as the reality that his burdens are of his personal making, that they’re the collected results of his personal acts, will he stop from unmanly self-pity and discover the higher method of burden-dropping; solely when he opens his eyes to see that his each thought and act is one other brick, one other stone, constructed into the temple of his life will he develop the perception which can allow him to recognise his personal unstable handiwork, the unflinching manliness to acknowledge it, and the braveness to construct extra nobly and enduringly.

    Painful burdens are obligatory, however solely as long as we lack love and knowledge.

    The Temple of Blessedness lies past the outer courts of struggling and humiliation and to achieve it the pilgrim should go by the outer courts. For a time he’ll linger within the outer, however solely as long as, by his personal imperfect understanding, he errors it for the inside. Whereas he pities himself and confounds struggling with holiness he’ll stay in struggling: however when, removing the final unholy rag of self-pity, he perceives that struggling is a way and never an finish, that it’s a state self-originated and self-propagated, then, transformed and right-minded, he’ll quickly go by the outer courts, and attain the inside abode of peace.

    Struggling doesn’t originate within the excellent however within the imperfect; it doesn’t mark the whole however the incomplete; it could actually, due to this fact, be transcended. Its self-born trigger will be discovered, investigated, comprehended, and for ever eliminated.

    It’s true due to this fact, that we should go by agony to relaxation, by loneliness to peace; however let the sufferer not overlook that it’s a “passing by;” that the agony is a gateway and never a habitation; that the loneliness is a pathway and never a vacation spot; and that somewhat farther on he’ll come to the painless and blissful repose.

    Little by little is a burden collected; imperceptibly and by levels is its weight elevated. A inconsiderate impulse, a gross self-indulgence, a blind ardour yielded to and gratified repeatedly; an impure thought fostered, a merciless phrase uttered, a silly factor performed time after time, and eventually the gathered weight of many follies turns into oppressive. At first, and for a time, the burden will not be felt; however it’s being added to day after day, and the time comes when the collected burden is felt in all its galling weight, when the bitter fruits of selfishness are gathered, and the center is troubled with the weariness of life. When this era arrives let the sufferer look to himself; let him seek for the blessed method of burden-dropping, discovering which he’ll discover knowledge to reside higher, purity to reside sweeter, like to reside nobler; will discover, within the reversal of that conduct by which his burdens had been collected, light-hearted nights and days, cheerful motion, and unclouded pleasure.

    “Come out of the world – come above it –
    Up over its crosses and graves;
    Although the inexperienced earth is honest and I find it irresistible,
    We should find it irresistible as masters, not slaves,
    Come up the place the mud by no means rises –
    However solely the fragrance of flowers –
    And your life shall be glad with surprises
    Of lovely hours.”

    5. Hidden Sacrifices

    “What want hath man
    Of Eden handed, or Paradise to return,
    When heaven is spherical us and inside ourselves?”
    …
    “Lowliness is the bottom of each advantage:
    Who goes the bottom, builds, doubt not, the most secure.”

    Bailey.

    “Reality is inside ourselves; it takes no rise
    From outward issues, whate’er you might consider.”

    Browning.

    It is likely one of the paradoxes of Reality that we achieve by giving up; we lose by greedily greedy. Each achieve in advantage necessitates some loss in vice; each accession of holiness means some egocentric pleasure yielded up; and each ahead step on the trail of Reality calls for the forfeit of some self-assertive error.

    He who could be clothed in new clothes should first solid away the outdated, and he who would discover the True should sacrifice the false. The gardener digs within the weeds so that they could feed, with their decay, the crops that are good for meals; and the Tree of Knowledge can solely flourish on the compost of uprooted follies. Development – achieve – necessitates sacrifice – loss.

    The true life, the blessed life, the life that isn’t tormented with passions and pains, is reached solely by sacrifice, not essentially the sacrifice of outward issues, however the sacrifice of the inward errors and defilements, for it’s these, and these solely, which deliver distress into life. It isn’t the nice and true that must be sacrificed however the evil and false; due to this fact all sacrifice is in the end achieve, and there’s no important loss. But at first the loss appears nice, and the sacrifice is painful, however that is due to the self-delusion and religious blindness which all the time accompany selfishness, and ache should all the time accompany the reducing away of some egocentric portion of 1’s nature. When the drunkard resolves to sacrifice his lust for sturdy drink he passes by a interval of nice struggling, and he feels that he’s forfeiting a fantastic pleasure; however when his victory is full, when the lust is lifeless, and his thoughts is calm and sober, then he is aware of that he has gained incalculably by the giving up of his egocentric animal pleasure. What he has misplaced was evil and false and never value conserving – nay, its conserving enatiled continuous distress – however what he has gained in character, in self-control, in soberness had higher peace of thoughts, is sweet and true, and it was obligatory that he ought to purchase it.

    So it’s with all true sacrifice; it’s at first, and till it’s accomplished, painful, and this is the reason males shrink from it. They can not see any function in abstaining from and overcoming egocentric gratification, it appears to them like dropping a lot that’s candy; appears to them like courting distress, and giving up all happiness and pleasure. And this have to be so; for if a person might know that by giving up his explicit types of selfishness his achieve in happiness could be immeasurably higher, unselfishness (which is now so tough of attainment) would then be rendered infinitely harder of feat, for his need for the higher achieve – his selfishness – would thereby be significantly intensified.

    No man can develop into unselfish, and thereby arrive on the highest bliss, till he’s prepared to lose, on the lookout for neither achieve nor reward: it’s this way of thinking which constitutes unselfishness. A person have to be prepared to humbly sacrifice his egocentric habits and practices as a result of they’re unfaithful and unworthy, and for the happiness of these about him, with out anticipating any reward or on the lookout for any good to accrue to himself; nay, he have to be ready to lose for himself, to forfeit pleasure and happiness, even life itself, if by so doing he could make the world extra stunning and completely satisfied. However does he lose? Does the miser lose when he provides up his lust for gold? Does the thief lose when he abandons stealing? Does the libertine lose when he sacrifices his unworthy pleasures? No man loses by the sacrifice of self, or some portion of self; nonetheless, he thinks he’ll lose by so doing, and since he so thinks he suffers and that is the place the sacrifice is available in – that is the place he good points by dropping.

    All true sacrifice is inside; it’s religious and hidden, and is prompted by deep humility of coronary heart. Nothing however the sacrifice of self can avail, and to this should all males come in the end throughout their religious evolution. However in what does this selfabnegation consist? How is it practised? The place is it sought and located? It consists in overcoming the day by day proneness to egocentric ideas and acts; it’s practised in our frequent intercourse with others; and it’s discovered within the hour of tumult and temptation.

    There are hidden sacrifices of the center that are infinitely blessed each to him that makes them and people for whom they’re made, albeit their making prices a lot effort and a few ache. Males are anxious to do some good thing, to carry out some nice sacrifice which lies past the requirements of their expertise, whereas on a regular basis, maybe, they’re neglecting the one factor needful, are blind to that sacrifice which by its very nearness is rendered crucial. The place lurks your besetting sin? The place lies your weak spot? The place does temptation assail you most strongly? There shall you make your first scarifice, and shall discover thereby the best way unto your peace. Maybe it’s anger or unkindness. Are you ready to sacrifice the offended impulse and phrase, the unkind thought and deed? Are you ready to silently endure abuse, assault, accusation, and unkindness, refusing to pay again these in their very own coin? Nay, extra, are you ready to provide in return for these darkish follies kindness and loving safety? If that’s the case, then you might be able to make these hidden scarifices which result in beatific bliss.

    If you’re given to anger or unkindness provide it up. These exhausting, merciless, and mistaken situations of thoughts by no means introduced you any good; they’ll by no means deliver you something however unrest, distress, and religious blindness. Nor can they ever deliver to others something however unhappiness. Maybe you’ll say: “However he was unkind to me first; he handled me unjustly.” Maybe so, however what a poor excuse is that this! What an unmanly and ineffectual refuge! For if his unkindness towards you is so mistaken and hurtful yours to him have to be equally so. As a result of one other is unkind to you is not any justification of your individual unkindness, however is relatively a name for the train of nice kindness in your half. Can the pouring in of extra water stop a flood? Neither can unkindness reduce unkindness. Can fireplace quench fireplace? Neither can anger overcome anger.

    Provide up all unkindness, all anger. “It takes two to make a quarrel;” don’t be the “different one.” If one is offended or unkind to you attempt to discover out the place you will have acted wrongly; and, whether or not you will have acted wrongly or not, do nto throw again the offended phrase or unkind act. Stay silent, self-contained, and kindly disposed; and study, by continuous effort in right-doing, to have compassion upon the wrongdoer.

    Maybe you might be habitually impatient and irritable. Know, then, the hidden sacrifice which it’s needful that you must make. Hand over your impatience. Overcome it there the place it’s wont to say itself. Resolve that you’ll yield now not to its tyrannical sway however will conquer it and solid it out. It isn’t value conserving a single hour, nor would it not dominate you for one more second if you weren’t labouring beneath the delusion that the follies and perversities of others render impatience in your half obligatory. No matter others might do or say, regardless that they could mock and taunt you, impatience will not be solely pointless, it could actually by no means do some other than worsen the evil which it seeks to take away. Calm, sturdy, and deliberate motion can accomplish a lot, however impatience and its accompanying irritability are all the time indiactions of weak spot and inefficiency. And what do they bestow upon you? Do they bestow relaxation, peace, happiness, or deliver these to these about you? Do they not, relatively, make you and people about you wretched? However although your impatience might harm others it actually hurts and wounds and impoverishes your self most of all.

    Nor can the impatient man know aught of true blessedness, for he’s a continuous supply of hassle and unrest to himself. The calm magnificence and perpetual sweetness of endurance are unknown to him, and peace can’t draw close to to appease and luxury him.

    There isn’t a blessedness wherever till impatience is sacrificed; and its sacrifice means the event of endurance, the observe of forbearance, and the creation of a brand new and gentler behavior of thoughts. When impatience and irritability are completely put away, are lastly supplied up on the altar of unselfishness, then is realised and loved the blessedness of a powerful, quiet, and peaceable thoughts.

    “Every hour we expect
    Of others greater than self, that hour we reside once more,
    And each lowly sacrifice we make
    For different’s good shall make life greater than self,
    And ope the home windows of thy soul to gentle
    From greater spheres. So hail thy lot with lot with pleasure.”

    Then there are little egocentric indulgences, a few of which seem innocent, and are generally fostered; however no egocentric indulgence will be innocent, and women and men have no idea what they lose by repeatedly and habitually succumbing to effeminate and egocentric gratifications. If the God in man is to rise sturdy and triumphant, the beast in man should perish. The pandering to the animal nature, even when it seems harmless and appears candy, leads away from fact and blessedness. Every time you give strategy to the animal inside you, and feed and gratify him, he waxes stronger and extra rebellious, and takes firmer possession of your thoughts, which ought to be within the conserving of Reality. Not till a person has sacrifice some apparently trivial indulgence does he uncover what energy, what pleasure, what poise of character and holy affect he has all alongside been dropping by that gratification; not till a person sacrifices his hankering for pleasure does he enter into the fulness of abiding pleasure.

    By his private indulgences a person demeans himself, forfeits self-respect to the extent and frequency of his indulgence, and deprives himself of exemplary affect and the ability to perform lasting good in his work on this planet. He additionally, by permitting himself to be led by blind need, will increase his psychological blindness, and fails of that final clearness of imaginative and prescient, that clarified percipience which pierces to the center of issues and comprehends the actual and the true. Animal indulgence is alien to the notion of Reality. By the sacrifice of his indulgences man rises above confusion and doubt, and arrives on the possession of perception and surety.

    Sacrifice your cherished and coveted indulgence; repair your thoughts on one thing greater, nobler, and extra enduring than ephemeral pleasure; reside superior to the longing for sense-excitement, and you’ll reside neither vainly nor uncertainly.

    Very far-reaching in its impact upon others, and wealthy with the revelations of Reality for him who makes it, is the sacrifice of self-assertion – the giving up of all interference with the lives, views, or faith of different individuals, substituting for it an understanding love and sympathy. Self-assertion or opinionativeness is a type of egotism or selfishness most typically present in reference to intellectualism and dialectical ability. It’s blindly presumptive and uncharitable, and, as a rule, is considered a advantage; however when as soon as the thoughts has opened to understand the best way of gentleness and self-sacrificing love then the ignorance, deformity, and painful nature of self-assertion develop into obvious.

    The sufferer of self-assertion, establishing his personal opinions as the usual of proper and the measure of judgment, regards all these as mistaken whose lives and opinions run counter to his personal, and, being keen to place others proper, is thereby prevented from placing himself proper. His angle of thoughts brings about him opposition and contradiction from people who find themselves anxious to place him proper, and this wounds his vainness and makes him depressing, in order that he lives in an virtually continuous fever of sad, resentful and uncharitable ideas. There will be no peace for such a person, no true information, and no development till he sacrifices his need to bend others to his personal mind-set and appearing. Nor can he perceive the hearts of others, and enter lovingly into their strivings and aspirations. His thoughts is cramped and embittered, and he’s shut out from all candy sympathy and religious communion.

    He who sacrifices the spirit of self-assertion, who in his day by day contact with others put apart his prejudices and opinions, and strives each to study from others and to know them as they’re, who permits to others excellent liberty (equivalent to he workouts himself) to decide on their very own opinions, their very own method in life – such a person will purchase a deeper perception, a broader charity, and a richer bliss than he has hitherto skilled, and can strike a byway of blessedness from which he has previously shut out.

    Then there’s the sacrifice of greed and all grasping ideas. The willingness that others ought to possess relatively than we; the not-coveting of issues for ourselves however rejoicing that they’re possessed and loved by others, that they convey happiness to others; the ceasing to assert one’s “personal”, and the giving as much as others, unselfishly and with out malice, that which they actual. This angle of thoughts is a supply of deep peace and nice religious energy. It’s the sacrifice of self-interest. Materials possessions are short-term, and on this sense we can’t actually name them our personal – they’re merely in our conserving for a short while – however religious possessions are everlasting and should ever stay with us. Unselfishness is a religious possession which is simply secured by ceasing to covet materials possessions and enjoyments, by ceasing to treat issues as for our personal particular and unique pleasure, and by our readiness to yield them up for the nice of others.

    The unselfish man, regardless that he finds himself concerned in riches, stands aloof, in his thoughts, from the thought of “unique possession”, and so escapes the bitterness and worry and anxiousness which ever accompany the covetous spirit. He doesn’t regard any of his outward accretions as being too worthwhile to lose, however he regards the advantage of unselfishness as being too worthwhile to the world – to struggling humanity – to lose or solid away.

    And who’s the blessed man? He who’s ever hankering after extra possessions, considering solely of the non-public pleasure he can get out of them? or he who’s ever prepared to surrender what he has for the nice and happiness of others? By greed happiness is destroyed; by not-greed happiness is restored.

    One other hidden sacrifice, one among nice religious magnificence and of highly effective efficacy within the therapeutic of human sorrows, is the sacrifice of hatred – the giving up of all bitter ideas towards others, of all malice, dislike, and resentment. Bitter ideas and blessedness can’t dwell collectively. Hatred is a fierce fireplace that scorches up, within the coronary heart of him who harbours it, all of the candy flowers of peace and happiness, and makes a hell of each place the place it comes.

    Hatred has many names and lots of kinds however just one essence – specifically, burning ideas of resentment towards others. It’s typically, by its blind votaries referred to as by the title of faith, inflicting them to assault, slander, and persecute one another as a result of they won’t settle for one another’s views of life and loss of life, thus filling the earth with miseries and tears.

    All resentment, dislike, ill-thinking, and ill-speaking of others is hatred, and the place there’s hatred there’s all the time unhappiness. Nobody has conquered hatred whereas ideas of resentment in the direction of others spring up in his thoughts. This sacrifice will not be full till a person can suppose kindly of those that attempt to do him mistaken. But it have to be made earlier than true blessedness will be realised and recognized. Past the exhausting, merciless, steely gates of hatred waits the divine angel of affection, able to reveal herself to him who will subdue and sacrifice his hateful ideas, and conduct him to his peace.

    No matter others might say of you, no matter they could do to you, by no means take offence. Don’t return hatred with hatred. If one other hates you maybe you will have, consciously or unconsciously, failed someplace in your conduct, or there could also be some misunderstanding which the train of somewhat gentleness and motive might take away; however, beneath all circumstances, “Father, forgive them” is infinitely higher, sweeter, and nobler than “I’ll hve nothing extra to do with them.” Hatred is so small and poor, so blind and wretched. Love is so nice and wealthy, so far-seeing and blissful.

    “The best tradition is to talk no in poor health:
    The most effective reformer is the person whose eyes
    Are fast to see all magnificence and all value;
    And by his personal discreet, well-ordered life
    Alone reproves the erring.”

    Sacrifice all hatred, slay it upon the holy altar of of devotion – devotion to others. Assume no extra of any harm to your individual petty self, however see to it that henceforth you injure and wound no different. Open the flood gates of your coronary heart for the inpouring of that candy, nice, stunning love which embraces all with sturdy but tender ideas of safety and peace, leaving not one, nay, not even he who hates or despises or slanders you, out within the chilly.

    Then there’s the hidden sacrifice of impure needs, of weak self-pity and degrading self-praise, of vainness and delight, for these are unblest attitudes of thoughts, deformities of coronary heart. He who makes them, one after the other, progressively subduing and overcoming them, will, in response to the measure of his success, rise above weak spot and struggling and sorrow, and can comprehend and benefit from the excellent and imperishable blessedness.

    Now, all these hidden sacrifices that are right here talked about are pure, humble heart-offerings. They’re made inside; are supplied up on the sacred, lonely, unseen altar of 1’s personal coronary heart. Not one among them will be made till the fault is first silently acknowledged and confessed. No man can sacrifice an error till he initially confess (to himself) “Iam in error;” when, yielding it up, he’ll understand and obtain the reality which his error previously obscured.

    “The dominion of heaven cometh not by statement,” and the silent sacrifice of self for the nice of others, the day by day giving up of 1’s egotistic tendencies, will not be seen and rewarded of males, and brings no loud blazon of recognition and reward. It’s hidden away from the eyes of all of the world, nay, even from the gaze of those that are nearest to you, for no eyes of flesh can understand its religious magnificence. However suppose not that as a result of it’s unperceived it’s due to this fact futile. Its blissful radiance is loved by you, and its energy for good over others is nice and far-reaching, for although they can’t see it, nor, maybe perceive it, but they’re unconsciously influenced by it. They won’t know what silent battles you might be combating, what everlasting victories over self you might be attaining, however, they are going to really feel your altered angle, your new thoughts, wrought of the material of affection and loving ideas, and can share considerably in its happiness and bliss. They are going to know nothing of the frequent fierceness of the battle you might be waging, of the injuries you obtain and the therapeutic balm you apply, of the anguish and the after-peace; however they are going to know that you’ve got grown sweeter and gentler, stronger and extra silently self-reliant, extra affected person and pure, and that they’re rested and helped by your presence. What rewards can examine with this? Beside the aromatic workplaces of affection the praises of males are gross and fulsome, and within the pure flame of a selfless coronary heart the flatteries of the world are turned to ashes. Love is its personal reward, its personal pleasure, its personal satisfaction; it’s the last refuge and resting-place of passion-tortured souls.

    The sacrifice of self, and the acquisition of the supreme information and bliss which it confers, will not be achieved by one nice and superb act however by a collection of lesser and successive sacrifices within the extraordinary lifetime of the world, by a succession of steps within the day by day conquest of Reality over selfishness. He who every day accomplishes some victory over himself, who subdues and places behind him some unkind thought, some impure need, some tendency to sin, is on a regular basis rising stronger, purer, and wiser, and each daybreak finds him nearer to that last glory of Reality which every self-sacrificing act reveals partially.

    Look not exterior thee nor past thee for the sunshine and blessedness of Reality, however look inside; thou wilt discover it inside the slender sphere of thy responsibility, even within the humble and hidden sacrifices of thine personal coronary heart.

    6. Sympathy

    “When thy gaze
    Turns it on thine personal soul, be most extreme:
    However when it falls upon a fellow-man
    Let kindliness management it; and chorus
    From that belittling censure that springs forth
    From frequent lips like weeds from marshy soil.”

    Ella Wheeler Wilcox.

    “I don’t ask the wounded individual how he feels,
    I personally develop into the wounded individual.”

    Walt Whitman.

    We will solely sympathise with others in as far as we’ve got conquered ourselves. We can’t suppose and really feel for others whereas we’re engaged in condoling with and pitying ourselves; can’t deal tenderly and lovingly with others whereas we’re anxious for our personal pre-eminence or for the unique preservation of ourselves, our opinions, and our personal typically. What’s sympathy however thoughtfulness for others within the forgetfulness of self?

    To sympathise with others we should first perceive them, and to know them we should put away all private preconceptions regarding them, and should see them as they’re. We should enter into their inside state and develop into one with them, trying by their psychological eyes and comprehending the vary of their expertise. You can not, in fact, do that with a being whose knowledge and expertise are higher than your individual; nor are you able to do it with any should you regard your self as being on a better airplane than others (for egotism and sympathy can’t dwell collectively), however you possibly can practise it with all those that are concerned in sins and sufferings from which you will have efficiently extricated your self, and, although your sympathy can’t embrace and overshadow the person whose greatness is past you, but you possibly can place your self in such an angle in the direction of him as to obtain the safety of his bigger sympathy and so make for your self a neater method out of the sins and sufferings by which you might be nonetheless enchained.

    Prejudice and ill-will are full limitations to the giving of sympathy, whereas delight and vainness are complete limitations to its reception. You can not sympathise with an individual for whom you will have conceived a hatred; you can’t benefit from the sympathy of 1 whom you envy. You can not perceive the individual whom you dislike, or he for whom, by animal impulse, you will have framed an ill-formed affection. You don’t, can’t, see him as he’s, however see solely your individual imperfect notions of him; see solely a distorted picture of him by the exaggerating medium of your illgrounded opinions.

    To see others as they’re you should not permit impulsive likes and dislikes, highly effective prejudices, or egotistic issues to return between you and them. You will need to not resent their actions or condemn their beliefs and opinions. You will need to go away your self completely out, and should, in the intervening time, assume their place. Solely on this method are you able to develop into en rapport with them, and so fathom their life, their expertise, and perceive it, and when a person is known it turns into inconceivable to sentence him. Males misjudge, condemn, and keep away from one another as a result of they don’t perceive one another, and they don’t perceive one another as a result of they haven’t overcome and purified themselves.

    Life is progress, growth, evolution, and there’s no important distinction between the sinner and the saint – there’s solely a distinction in diploma. The saint was as soon as a sinner; the sinner will sooner or later be a saint. The sinner is the kid; the saint is the grown man. He who separates himself from sinners, relating to them as depraved males to be prevented, is sort of a man avoiding contact with little kids as a result of they’re unwise, disobedient, and play with toys.

    All life is one, but it surely has a wide range of manifestations. The grown flower will not be one thing distinct from the tree: it is part of it; is simply one other type of leaf. Steam will not be one thing aside from water: it’s however one other type of water. And in like method good is transmuted evil: the saint is the sinner developed and reworked.

    The sinner is one whose understanding is undeveloped, and he ignorantly chooses mistaken modes of motion. The saint is one whose understanding is ripened, and he correctly chooses proper modes of motion. The sinner condemns the sinner, condemnation being a mistaken mode of motion. The saint by no means condemns the sinner, remembering that he himself previously occupied the identical place, however thinks of him with deep sympathy, relating to him within the gentle of a youthful brother or a buddy, for sympathy is a proper and enlightened mode of motion.

    The perfected saint, who provides synpathy to all, wants it of none, for he has transcended sin and struggling, and lives within the enjoyment of lasting bliss; however all that suffer want sympathy, and all who sin should undergo. When a person involves beneath38 stand that each sin, whether or not of thought or deed, receives its simply quota of struggling he ceases to sentence and begins to sympathise, seeing the sufferings which sin entails; and he involves such understanding by purifying himself.

    As a person purges himself of passions, as he transmutes his egocentric needs and places beneath foot his egotistic tendencies, he sounds the depths of all human experiences – all sins and sufferings and sorrows, all motives and ideas and deeds – and comprehends the ethical legislation in its perfection. Full self-conquest is ideal information, excellent sympathy, and he who views males with the stainless imaginative and prescient of a pure coronary heart views them with a pitying coronary heart, sees them as part of himself, not as one thing defiled and separate and distinct, however as his very self, sinning as he has sinned, struggling as he has suffered, sorrowing as he has sorrowed, but, withal, glad within the information that they are going to come, as he has come, to excellent peace eventually.

    The actually good and sensible man can’t be a passionate partisan, however extends his sympathy to all, seeing no evil in others to be condemned and resisted, however seeing the sin which is nice to the sinner, and the after-sorrow and ache which the sinner doesn’t see, and, when it overtakes him, doesn’t perceive.

    A person’s sympathy extends simply as far as his knowledge reaches, and no additional; and a person solely grows wiser as he grows tenderer and extra compassionate. To slender one’s sympathy is to slender one’s coronary heart, and so to darken and embitter one’s life. To increase and broaden one’s sympathy is to enlighten and gladden one’s life and to make plainer to others the best way of sunshine and gladness.

    To sympathise with one other is to obtain his being into our personal, to develop into one with him, for unselfish love indissolubly unites, and he whose sympathy reaches out to and embraces all humankind and all dwelling creatures has realised his id and oneness with all, and comprehends the common Love and Regulation and Knowledge. Man is shut out from Heaven and Peace and Reality solely in as far as he shuts out others from his sympathy. The place his sympathy ends his darkness and torment and turmolis start, for to close others out from our love is to close ourselves out from the blessedness of affection, and to develop into cramped in the dead of night jail of self.

    “Whoever walks a furlong with out sympathy walks to his
    personal funeral wearing a shroud.”

    Solely when one’s sympathy is limitless is the Everlasting Gentle of Reality revealed; solely within the Love that is aware of no restriction is the boundness bliss loved.

    Sympathy is bliss; in it’s revealed the best, purest blessedness. It’s divine, for in its reciprocal gentle all considered self is misplaced, and there stays solely the pure pleasure of oneness with others, the ineffable communion of religious id. The place a person ceases to sympathise he ceases to reside, ceases to see and realise and know.

    One can’t actually sympathise with others till all egocentric issues regarding them are put away, and he who does this and strives to see others as they’re, strives to grasp their explicit sins, temptations, and sorrows, their beliefs, opinions, and prejudices, comes eventually to see precisely the place they stand of their religious evolution, comprehends the arc of their expertise, and is aware of that they can’t for the current act in any other case than they do. He sees that their ideas and acts are prompted by the extent of their information, or their lack of information, and that in the event that they act blindly and foolishly it’s as a result of their information and expertise are immature, they usually can solely come to behave extra correctly by gradual progress into extra enlightened states of thoughts. He additionally sees that although this progress will be inspired, helped, and stimulated by the affect of a riper instance, by seasonable phrases and well-timed instruction, it can’t be unnaturally pressured; the flowers of affection and knowledge should have time to develop, and the barren branches of hatred and folly can’t be all minimize away directly.

    Such a person finds the doorway into the inside world of these with whom he is available in contact, and he opens it and enters in and dwells with them within the hidden and sacred sanctuary of their being. And he finds nothing to hate, nothing to revile, nothing to sentence in that sacred place, however one thing to like and have a tendency, and, in his personal coronary heart, room just for higher pity, higher endurance, higher love.

    He sees that he’s one with them, that they’re however one other facet of himself, that their natures will not be totally different from his personal, besides in modification and diploma, however are equivalent with it. If they’re appearing out sure sinful tendencies he has however to look inside to search out the identical tendencies in himself, albeit, maybe, restrained or purified; if they’re manifesting sure holy and divine qualities he finds the identical pure spirit inside himself, although, maybe, in a lesser diploma of energy and growth.

    “One contact of nature makes the entire world kin.”

    The sin of 1 is the sin of all; the advantage of 1 is the advantage of all. No man will be separate from one other. There isn’t a distinction of nature however solely distinction of situation. If a person thinks he’s separated from one other by advantage of his superior holiness he’s not so separated, and his darkness and delusion are very nice. Humanity is one, and within the holy sanctuary of sympathy saint and sinner meet and unite.

    It’s stated of Jesus that He took upom Himself the sins of the entire world – that’s, He recognized Himself with these sins, and didn’t regard Himself as basically separate from sinners however as being of a like nature with them – and his realisation of His oneness with all males was manifested in His life as profound sympathy with those that, for his or her deep sins, had been prevented and solid off by others.

    And who’s it that’s within the best want of sympathy? Not the saint, not the enlightened seer, not the right man. It’s the sinner, the unenlightened man, the imperfect one; and the higher the sin the higher is the necessity. “I got here to not name the righteous however sinners to repentance” is the assertion of One who comprehended all human wants. The righteous man doesn’t want your sympathy, however the unrighteous; he who, by his wrong-doing, is laying up for himself lengthy intervals of struggling and woe is in want of it.

    The flagrantly unrighteous man is condemned, despised, and prevented by those that reside in the same situation to himself, although in the intervening time, they is probably not topic to his explicit type of sin, for that withholding of sympathy and that mutual condemnation that are so rife is the most common manifestation of that lack of expertise during which all sin takes its rise. Whereas a person is concerned in sin he’ll condemn others who’re likewise concerned, and the deeper and higher his sin the extra extreme will probably be his condemnation of others. It is just when a person begins to sorrow for his sin, and so to rise above it into the clearer gentle of purity and understanding, that he ceases from condemning others and learns to sympathise with them. However this ceaseless condemnation of one another by those that are concerned within the fierce play of the passions should wants, be, for it one of many modes of operation of the Nice Regulation which universally and eternally obtains, and the unrighteous one who falls beneath the condemnation of his fellows will the extra quickly attain a better and nobler situation of coronary heart and life if he humbly accepts the censure of others because the impact of his personal sin, and resolves henceforward to chorus from all condemnation of others.

    The actually good and sensible man condemns none, having put away all blind ardour and selfishness he lives within the calm areas of affection and peace, and understands all modes of sin, with their consequent sufferings and sorrows. Enlightened and woke up, free of all egocentric bias, and seeing males as they’re, his coronary heart responds in holy sympathy with all. Ought to any condemn, abuse, or slander him he throws aroundthem the kindly safety of his sympathy, seeing the ignorance which prompts them so to behave, and figuring out that they alone will undergo for his or her mistaken acts.

    Study, by self-conquest and the acquisition of knowledge, to like him whom you now condemn, to sympathise with those that condemn you. Flip your eyes away from their condemnation and search your individual coronary heart, to search out, perchance, some exhausting, unkind, or mistaken ideas which, when found and understood, you’ll condemn your self.

    A lot that’s generally referred to as sympathy is private affection. To like them who love us is human bias and inclination; however to like them who don’t love us is divine sympathy.

    Sympathy is required due to the prevalence of struggling, for there is no such thing as a being or creature who has not suffered. By way of struggling sympathy is advanced. Not in a yr or a life or an age is the human coronary heart purified and softened by struggling, however after many lives of intermittent ache, after many ages of ever recurring sorrow, man reaps the golden harvest of his experiences, and garners within the wealthy, ripe sheaves of affection and knowledge. After which he understands, and understanding, he sympathises.

    All struggling is the results of ignorantly violated legislation, and after many repetitions of the identical mistaken act, and the identical sort of struggling ensuing from that act, information of the legislation is acquired, and the upper state of obedience and knowledge is reached. Then there blossoms the pure and ideal flower of sympathy.

    One facet of sympathy is that of pity – pity for the distressed or pain-stricken, with a need to alleviate or assist them bear their sufferings. The world wants extra of this divine high quality.

    “For pity makes the world
    Delicate to the weak, and noble for the sturdy.”

    However it could actually solely be developed by eradicating all hardness and unkindness, all accusation and resentment. He who, when he sees one other struggling for his sin, hardens his coronary heart and thinks or says: “It serves him proper”- such a one can’t train pity nor apply its therapeutic balm. Each time a person acts cruelly in the direction of one other (be it solely a dumb creature), or refuses to bestow wanted sympathy, he dwarfs himself, deprives himself of ineffable blessedness, and prepares himsrelf for struggling.

    One other type of sympathy is that of rejoicing with those that are extra profitable than ourselves, as if their success had been our personal. Blessed certainly is he who’s free from all envy and malice, and might rejoice and be glad when he hears of the nice fortune of those that regard him as an enemy.

    The protective of creatures weaker and extra indefensible than oneself is one other kind during which this divine sympathy is manifested. The helpless frailty of the dumb creation requires the train of the deepest sympathy. The glory of superior energy resides in its energy to defend, to not destroy. Not by the callous of destruction of weaker issues is life actually lived, however by their preservation:

    “All life
    Is linked and kin,”

    and the bottom creature will not be separated from the best however by higher weak spot, by lesser intelligence. Once we pity and defend we reveal and enlarge the divine life and pleasure inside ourselves. Once we thoughtlessly or callously inflict struggling or destroy, then our divine life turns into obscured, and its pleasure fades and dies. Our bodies might feed our bodies, and passions passions, however man’s divine nature is simply nurtured, sustained, and developed by kindness, love, sympathy, and all pure and unselfish acts.

    By bestowing sympathy on others we enhance our personal. Sympathy given can by no means be wasted. Even the meanest creature will reply to its heavenly contact, for it’s the common language which all creatures perceive. I’ve lately heard a real story of a Dartmoor convict whose phrases of incarceration in numerous convict stations prolonged to over forty years. As a prison he was thought-about probably the most callous and hopelessly deserted, and the warders discovered him virtually intractable. However sooner or later he caught a mouse – a weak, terrified, hunted factor like himself – and its helpless frality, and the similarity of its situation together with his personal, appealed to him, and began into flame the divine spark of sympathy which smouldered in his crime-hardened coronary heart, and which no human contact had ever wakened into life.

    He stored the mouse in an outdated boot in his cell, fed, tended, and cherished it, and in his love for the weak and helpless he forgot and misplaced his hatred for the sturdy. His coronary heart and his hand had been now not towards his fellows. He grew to become tractable and obedient to the uttermost. The warders couldn’t perceive his change; it appeared to them little wanting miraculous that this most hardened of all criminals ought to out of the blue be reworked into the likeness of a mild, obedient little one. Even the expression of his featires altered remarkably: a satisfying smile started to play across the mouth which had previously been moved to nothing higher than a merciless grin, and the implacable hardness of his eyes disappeared and gave place to a gentle, deep, mellow gentle. The prison was a prison now not; he was saved, transformed; clothed, and in his proper thoughts; restored to humaneness and to humanity, and set firmly on the pathway to divinity by pitying and caring for a defenceless creature. All this was made recognized to the warders shortly afterwards, when, on his discharge, he took the mouse away with him.

    Thus sympathy bestowed will increase its retailer in our personal hearts, and enriches and fructifies our personal life. Sympathy given is blessedness obtained; sympathy withheld is blessedness forfeited. Within the measure {that a} man will increase and enlarges his sympathy a lot nearer does he strategy the best life, the right blessedness; and when his coronary heart has develop into so mellowed that no exhausting, bitter, or merciless thought can enter and detract from its everlasting sweetness, then certainly is he richly and divinely blessed.

    7. Forgiveness

    “If males solely understood
    All of the vacancy and appearing
    Of the sleeping and the waking
    Of the souls they choose so blindly,
    Of the hearts they pierce so unkindly,
    They, with gentler phrases and feeling,
    Would apply the balm of healing-
    In the event that they solely understood.”
    “Kindness, nobler ever than revenge.”

    Shakespeare.

    The remembering of accidents is religious darkness; the fostering of resentment is religious suicide. To resort to the spirit and observe of forgiveness is the start of enlightenment; it’s also the start of peace and happiness. There isn’t a relaxation for him who broods over slights and accidents and wrongs; no quiet repose of thoughts for him who feels that he has been unjustly handled, and who schemes how greatest to behave for the discomfiture of his enemy.

    How can happiness dwell in a coronary heart that’s so disturbed by ill-will? Do birds resort to a burning bush whereby to construct and sing? Neither can happiness inhabit in that breast that’s aflame with burning ideas of resentment. Nor can knowledge come and dwell the place such folly resides.

    Revenge appears candy solely to the thoughts that’s unacquainted with the spirit of forgiveness; however when the sweetness of forgiveness is tasted then the intense bitterness of revenge is understood. Revenge appears to result in happiness to those that are concerned within the darkness of ardour; however when the violence of ardour is deserted, and the mildness of forgiveness is restored to, then it’s seen that revenge results in struggling.

    Revenge is a virus which eats into the very vitals of the thoughts, and poisons the whole religious being. Resentment is a psychological fever which burns up the healthful energies of the thoughts, and “taking offence” is a type of ethical illness which saps the wholesome circulation of kindliness and good-will, and from which women and men ought to search to be delivered. The unforgiving and resentful spirit is a supply of nice struggling and sorrow, and he who harbours and encourages it, who doesn’t overcome and abandon it, forfeits a lot blessedness, and doesn’t acquire any measure of true enlightenment. To be hard-hearted is to undergo, is to be disadvantaged of sunshine and luxury; to be tender-hearted is to be serenely glad, is to obtain gentle and be properly comforted. It would appear unusual to many to be advised that the hard-hearted and unfrogiving undergo most; but it’s profoundly true, for not solely do they, by the legislation of attraction, draw to themselves the revengeful passions in different individuals, however their hardness of coronary heart itself is a continuous supply of struggling. Each time a person hardens his coronary heart towards a fellow-being he inflicts upon himself 5 sorts of struggling – specifically, the struggling of lack of love; the struggling of misplaced communion and fellowship; the struggling of a troubled and confused thoughts; the struggling of wounded ardour or delight; and the struggling of punishment inflicted by others. Each act of unforgiveness entails upon the doer of that act these 5 sufferings; whereas each act of forgiveness brings to the doer 5 sorts of blessedness – the blessedness of affection; the blessedness of elevated communion and fellowship; the blessedness of a relaxed and peaceable thoughts; the blessedness of ardour stilled and delight overcome; and the blessedness and kindness and good-will bestowed by others.

    Numbers of persons are immediately struggling the fiery torments of an unforgiving spirit, and solely after they make an effort to beat that spirit can they know what a merciless and exacting taskmaster they’re serving. Solely those that have deserted the service of such a grasp for that of the nobler grasp of forgiveness can realise and know the way grievous a service is the one, how candy the opposite.

    Let a person ponder the strife of the world: how people and communities, neighbours and nations, reside in continuous retaliations in the direction of one another; let him realise the heartaches, the bitter tears, the grievous partings and misunderstandings – yea, even the blood-shed and woe which spring from that strife – and, thus realising, he won’t ever once more yield to ignoble ideas of resentment, by no means once more take offence on the actions of others, by no means once more reside in unforgiveness in the direction of any being.

    “Have good-will
    To all that lives, letting unkindness die
    And greed and wrath; in order that your lives be made
    Like gentle airs passing by.”

    When a person abandons retaliation for forgiveness he passes from darkness to gentle. So darkish and ignorant is unforgiveness that no being who’s in any respect sensible or enlightened might descend to it; however its darkness will not be understood and recognized till it’s left behind, and the higher and nobler course of conduct is sought and practised. Man is blinded and deluded solely by his personal darkish and sinful tendencies; and the giving up of all unforgiveness means the giving up of delight and sure types of ardour, the abandonment of the deeply-rooted concept of the significance of one-self and of the need for safeguarding and defending that self; and when that’s performed the upper life, higher knowledge, and pure enlightenment, which delight and keenness utterly obscured, are revealed in all their gentle and wonder.

    Then there are petty offences, little spites and passing slights, which, whereas of a much less critical nature than deep-seated hatreds and revenges, dwarf the character and cramp the soul. They’re as a result of sin of self and self-importance and thrive on vainness. Whosoever is blinded and deluded by vainness will regularly see one thing within the actions and the attitudes of others in the direction of him at which to take offence, and the extra there’s of vainness the extra significantly will the imaginary slight or mistaken be exagerrated. Furthermore, to reside within the frequent indulgence of petty resentments enhance the spirit of hatred, and leads progressively downward to higher darkness, struggling, and self-delusion. Don’t take offence or permit your emotions to be harm, which suggests – eliminate delight and vainness. Don’t give event for offence or harm the emotions of others, which suggests – be gently thoughtful, forgiving, and charitable in the direction of all.

    The giving up – the entire uprooting – of vainness and delight is a good activity; however it’s a blessed activity, and it may be achieved by fixed observe in non-resentment and by meditating upon one’s ideas and actions in order to know and purify them; and the spirit of forgiveness is perfected in a single within the measure that delight and vainness are overcome and deserted.

    The not-taking-offence and the not-giving-offence go collectively. When a person ceases to resent the actions of others he’s already appearing kindly in the direction of them, contemplating them earlier than himself or his personal defence.Such a person will probably be gently in what he says and does, will arouse love and kindness in others, and never stir them as much as ill-will and strife. He will even be free from all worry in regards to the actions of others in the direction of him, for he who hurts none fears none. However the unforgiving man, he who is keen to “pay again” some actual or imaginary slight or harm, won’t be thoughtful in the direction of others, for he considers himself first, and is regularly making enemies; he additionally loves within the worry of others, considering that that they’re making an attempt to do in the direction of him as he’s doing in the direction of them. He who contrives the harm of others fears others.

    That may be a stunning story of Prince Dhirgayu which was advised by an historical Indian trainer to his disciples as a way to impress them with the reality of the ublime percept that “hatred ceases not by hatred at any time; hatred ceases by not-hatred.” The story is as follows:- Brahmadatta, a robust king of Benares, made warfare upon Dirgheti, the king of Kosala, as a way to annex his kingdom, which was a lot smaller than his personal. Dirgheti, seeing that it was inconceivable for him to withstand the higher energy of bramhadatta, fled, and left his kingdom in his enemy’s fingers. For a while he wandered from place to put in disguise, and eventually settled down together with his queen in an artisan’s cottage; and the queen gave delivery to a son, whom they referred to as Dirghayu.

    Now, King Brahmadatta was anxious to dsicover the hiding-place of Dirgheti, as a way to put to loss of life the conquered king, for he thought, “Seeing that I’ve disadvantaged him of his kingdom he might sometime treacherously kill me If I don’t kill him.”

    However a few years handed away, and Dirgheti devoted himself to the schooling of his son,. who by dilligent software, grew to become discovered and skillful and sensible.

    And after a time Dirgheti’s secret grew to become recognized, and he, fearing that brahmadatta would uncover him and slay all three, and considering extra of the lifetime of his son than his personal, despatched away the prince. Quickly after the exile king fell into the fingers of Brahmadatta, and was, alongside together with his queen, executed.

    Now Brahmadatta thought: I’ve removed Dirgheti and his queen, however thier son , Prince Dirghayu, lives, and he’ll you should definitely contrive some technique of effecting my assassination; but he’s unknown to any, and I’ve no technique of discovering him.” So the king lived in nice worry and continuous misery of thoughts.

    Quickly after the execution of his dad and mom, Dirghayu, beneath an assumed title, sought employment within the king’s stables, and was engaged by the grasp of elephants.

    Dirghayu shortly endeared himself to all, and his superior talents got here eventually beneath the discover of the king, who had the younger man introduced earlier than him, and was so charmed with him that he employed him in his personal citadel, and he proved to be so ready and diligent that the king shortly positioned him able of nice belief beneath himself.

    Sooner or later the king went on a protracted searching expedtion, and have become seperated from his retinue, Dirghayu alone remaining with him. And the king, being fatigued together with his exertions, lay down, and slept together with his head in Dirghayu’s lap. Then Dirghayu thought: This king has significantly wronged me. He robbed my father of his kingdom, and slew my dad and mom, and he’s now completely in my energy.” And he drew his sword, considering to slay Brahmadatta. However, remembering how his father had taught him by no means to hunt revenge however to forgive to the uttermost, he sheathed his sword.

    Ultimately the king awoke out of a disturbed sleep, and the youth inquired of him why he regarded so frightened. “My sleep”, stated the king “is all the time stressed, for I incessantly dream that I’m within the energy of younger Dirghayu and that he’s alone to slay me. Whereas mendacity right here I once more dreamed that with higher vividness than ever earlier than and it has crammed me with dread and terror.

    Then the youth, drawing his sword, stated: “I’m Prince Dirghayu, and you might be in my energy: the time of vengeance has arrived.”

    Then the king fell upon his knees and begged Dirghayu to spare his life. And Dirghayu stated: “It’s you, O King! who should spare my life. For a few years you will have wished to search out me so that you would possibly kill me; and , now that you’ve got discovered me, let me beg of you to grant me my life.”

    And there after which did Brahmadatta and Dirghayu grant one another life, took fingers, and solemnly vowed by no means to hurt one another. And so overcome was the king by the noble and forgiving spirit of Dirghayu that he gave him his daughter in marriage, and restored to him his father’s kingdom.

    Thus hatred ceases by not-hatred- by forgiveness, which may be very stunning, and is sweeter and simpler than revenge. It’s the starting of affection, of that divine love that doesn’t search its personal; and he who practises it, who perfects himself in it, comes eventually to grasp that blessed state whereby the torments of delight and vainness and hatred and retaliation are ceaselessly dispelled, and good-will and peace are unchanging and limitless. In that state of calm, silent bliss, even forgiveness passes away, and is now not wanted, for he who has reached it sees no evil to resent however solely ignorance and delusion on which to have compassion, and forgiveness is simply wanted as long as there’s any tendency to resent, retaliate, and take offence. Equal love in the direction of all is the right legislation, the right state during which all lesser states discover their completion. Forgiveness is likely one of the doorways within the faultless temple of Love Divine.

    8. Seeing No Evil

    The strong, strong universe
    Is pervious to like;
    With bandaged eyes he by no means errs,
    Round, under, above.
    His blinding gentle
    He flingeth white
    On God’s and Devil’s brood,
    And reconciles
    By mystic wiles
    The evil and the nice.”

    Emerson.

    “If thou thinkest evil, be thou positive
    Thine acts will bear the shadow of the stain;
    And in the event that they thought be excellent, then thy deed
    Might be as of the right, true, and pure.”

    After Confucius.

    After a lot observe in forgiveness and having cultivated the spirit of forgiveness as much as a sure level, information of the particular nature of excellent and evil dawns upon the thoughts, and a person begins to know how ideas and motives are shaped within the human coronary heart, how they develop, and the way take delivery within the type of actions. This marks the opening of a brand new imaginative and prescient within the thoughts, the graduation of a nobler, greater, diviner life; for the person now begins to understand that there is no such thing as a necessity to withstand or resent the actions of others in the direction of him, no matter these actions could also be, and that every one alongside his resentment has been brought on by his personal ignorance, and that his personal bitterness of spirit is mistaken. Having arrived up to now he’ll take himself with some such questionings as these: “Why this continuous retaliation and forgiveness? Why this tormenting anger towards one other after which this repentance and forgiveness? Shouldn’t be forgiveness the taking again of 1’s anger, the giving up of 1’s resentment; and if anger and resentment are good and obligatory why repent of them and provides them up? If it’s so stunning, so candy, so peacful to eliminate all emotions of bitterness and to totally and wholly forgive, would it not not be nonetheless extra stunning and candy and peaceable by no means to develop bitter in any respect, by no means to know anger, by no means to resent as evil the motion of one other, however all the time to reside within the expertise of that pure, calm, blissful love which is understood when an act of forgiveness is finished, and all unruly ardour in the direction of one other is put away? If one other has performed me mistaken will not be my hatred in the direction of him mistaken, and acn one mistaken proper one other? Furthermore, has he by his mistaken actually injured me, or has he injured himself? Am I not injured by my very own mistaken relatively than by his? Why, then, do I develop offended? why do I resent, retaliate, and interact in bitter ideas? Is it not as a result of my delight is piqued or my vainness wounded or my selfishness thwarted? Shouldn’t be as a result of my blind animal passions are aroused and allowed to subdue my higher nature? Seeing that I’m harm by one other individual’s angle in the direction of me due to my very own delight or vainness or ungoverned and unpurified passions, would it not not be higher to look to the mistaken in myself relatively than the mistaken in one other, to eliminate delight and vainness and keenness, and so keep away from being harm in any respect?

    By such self-questionings and their elucidation within the gentle of gentle ideas and dispassionate conduct a person, progressively overcoming ardour and rising out of the ignorance which gave rise to ardour, will eventually attain that blessed state during which he’ll stop to see evil in others, and can dwell in common good-will and love and peace. Not that he’ll stop to see ignorance and folly; not that he’ll stop to see struggling and sorrow and distress; not that he’ll stop to differentiate between acts which might be pure and impure, proper and mistaken, for, having put away ardour and prejudice, he’ll see this stuff within the full, clear gentle of information, and precisely as they’re; however he’ll stop to see anything-any evil power- in one other which might do him harm, which he should violently oppose and attempt to crush, and towards which he should guard himself. Having arrived at proper understanding of evil by purging it away from his personal coronary heart he sees that it’s a factor that doesn’t name for hatred and worry and resenment however for consideration, compassion, and love.

    Shakespeare by one among his characters says: “There isn’t a darkness however ignorance.” All evil is ignorance, is dense darkness of thoughts, and the elimination of sin from one’s thoughts is a popping out of darkness into religious gentle. Evil is the negation of excellent, simply as darkness is the negation, or absence of sunshine, and what’s there in a negation to arouse anger or resentment? When night time settles down upon the world who’s so silly as to rail on the darkness? The enlightened man, likewise, doesn’t accuse or condemn the spirtual darkness in males’s hearts which is manifested within the type of sin, although by mild reproof he might typically level out the place the sunshine lies.

    Now the ignorance to which I refer as evil, or because the supply of evil, is two-fold. There’s wrong-doing which is dedicated with none information of excellent and evil, and the place there is no such thing as a selection – that is unconscious wrong-doing. Then there’s wrong-doing which is finished within the information that it ought to not be performed – that is acutely aware wrong-doing; however each unconscious and acutely aware wrong-doing come up in ignorance-that is, ignorance of the actual nature and painful penalties of the wrong-doing.

    Why does a person proceed to do sure issues which he feels he ought to not do? If he is aware of that what he’s doing is mistaken the place lies the ignorance?

    He continues to do these issues as a result of his information of them is incomplete. He solely is aware of he ought to not do them by sure precepts with out and qualms of conscience inside, however he doesn’t absolutely and utterly perceive what he’s doing. He is aware of that sure acts deliver him instant pleasure, and so, despite the troubled conscience which follows that pleasure, he continues to commit them. He’s satisfied that the pleasure is sweet and desireable, and due to this fact to be loved. He doesn’t know that pleasure and ache are one, however thinks he can have the one with out the opposite. He has no information of the legislation which governs human actions, and by no means thinks of associating his sufferings together with his personal wrongdoing, however believes that they’re brought on by the wrong-doing of others or are the mysterious dispensations of Windfall, and due to this fact to not be inquired into or understood. He’s in search of happiness, and does these issues which he believes will deliver him most enjoyment, however he acts in whole ignorance of the hidden and inevitable penalties which connect to his actions.

    Mentioned a person to me as soon as who was the sufferer of a nasty behavior: “I do know the behavior is a nasty one, and that it does me extra hurt than good” I stated: “ If you already know that what you might be doing is dangerous and dangerous why do you proceed to do it?” And he replied: “As a result of it’s pleasnt, and I prefer it.

    This man, in fact,didn’t actually know that his behavior was dangerous. He had been advised that it was, and he thought he knew or believed it was, however in actuality he thought it was good, that it was conducive to his happiness and well-being, and due to this fact he proceed to practise it. When a person is aware of by expertise {that a} factor is dangerous, and that each time he does it he accidents physique or thoughts, or each; when his information of that factor is so full that he’s accquainted with its gap prepare of baneful results, then he can’t solely not do it any longer, he can’t even need to do it, and even the pleasure that was previously in that factor turns into painful. No man would put a venomous snake in his pocket as a result of it’s prettily colored. He is aware of {that a} lethal sting lurks in these stunning markings. Nor, when a person is aware of the unavoidable ache and harm which lie hidden in mistaken ideas and acts, does he proceed to suppose and commit them. Even the instant pleasure which previously he greedily sought is gone from them; their floor attractiveness has vanished; he’s now not ignorant regarding their true nature; he sees them as they’re.

    I knew a younger man who was in enterprise, and though a member of a church, and occupying the place of voluntary spiritual teacher, he advised me that it was completely essential to practise mendacity and deception in enterprise, in any other case positive and sure damage would comply with. He stated he knew mendacity was mistaken, however whereas he remained in enterprise he should proceed to do it. Upon questioning him I discovered, in fact, that he had by no means tried fact and honesty in his enterprise, had not even considered making an attempt the higher method, so firmly satisfied was he that it was not doable for him to know whether or not or not it might be productive or damage. Now, did this younger man know that mendacity was mistaken? There was a preceptial sense solely during which he knew, however there was a deeper and extra actual sense during which he didn’t know. He had been taught to treat mendacity as mistaken, and his conscience bore out that instructing, however he believed that it dropped at him revenue, proesperity and happiness, and that honesty would deliver him loss, poverty, and distress – in a phrase, he regarded mendacity, deep in his coronary heart, as the appropriate factor to do, and honesty because the mistaken observe. He had no information no matter of the actual nature of the act of mendacity: how it’s, on the moment of its committal, lack of character, lack of self-respect, lack of energy, usefulness, and affect, and lack of blessedness; and the way it unerrinngly results in lack of status and lack of materials revenue and prosperity. Solely when such a person begins to think about happiness of others, prefers to embrace the loss which he fears relatively than clutch on the achieve which he needs, will he acquire that actual information which lofty ethical conduct alone can reveal; after which, experiencing the higher blessedness, he’ll see how, all alongside, he has been deceiving and defrauding himself relatively than others, has been dwelling in darkest ignorance and self-delusion.

    These two frequent situations of wrong-doing will serve for example and make plainer, to these of my readers who, whereas trying to find Reality, are as but uncertain, unsure, and confused, the deep Reality that every one sin, or evil, is a situation of ignorance and due to this fact to be handled in a loving and never a hateful spirit.

    And as with dangerous habits and mendacity so with all sin – with lust, hatred, malice, envy, delight, vainness, self-indulgence and selfishness in all its kinds; it’s a state of religious darkness, the absence of the Gentle of Reality within the coronary heart, the negation of information.

    Thus when, by overcoming the mistaken situation in a single’s personal coronary heart, the character of evil is absolutely realised and mere perception provides place to dwelling information, evil can now not be hatefully condomned and voilently resisted, and the wrong-doer is considered with tender compassion.

    And this brings us to a different facet of evil-namely, that of particular person freedom; the appropriate of each individual to decide on his personal actions. Together with the seeing of evil in others is the need to transform or coerce others into one’s personal methods of considering and appearing. In all probability the commenest delusion during which males are concerned is that of considering that what they themselves consider and suppose and do is sweet, and all that’s in any other case is evil, and therfore to be powerfully condemned and resisted. It’s out of this delusion that every one persecutions springs. There are christians who regard all Atheists as males wholly evil, as given as much as the service of an evil energy; and there are Atheists who firmly consider that every one christians are doing the best hurt to the entire human race by their “superstitious and false doctrines.” The reality is that neither the christian nor the Atheist is evil, nor within the service of evil, however every is selecting his personal method, and is pursuing that course which he’s satisfied is correct.

    Let a person quietly ponder the truth that numbers of followers of varied religons the world over are, as they ever had been, engaged in condemning one another as evil and mistaken, and relating to themselves nearly as good and proper, and it’ll assist him to grasp how all evil is merely ignorance, religious darkness; and earnest meditation on that truth will probably be discovered to be one of many best aids in growing higher kindness, charity, perception and breadth of thoughts.

    The actually sensible and good man sees good in all, evil in none. He has deserted the folly of wanting others to suppose and act as he thinks and acts, for he sees males are variously constituted, are at totally different factors of their spritual evolution, and should, of necessity, suppose and act in another way. Having put away hatred, condemnation, egotism, and prejudice he has develop into enlightened, and sees that purity, love compassion, gentleness, endurance, humility, and unselfishness are manifestations of sunshine and information; whereas impurity, hatred, cruelty, ardour, darkness and ignorance; and that whether or not males reside in gentle or darkness thay are every person doing that which they suppose is important, are appearing in accordance with thier personal measure of sunshine or darkness. The sensible man understands and understanding, he ceases from all bitterness and accusation.

    Each man acts in accordance together with his nature, together with his personal judgment of right and wrong, and is unquestionably gathering within the outcomes of his personal expertise. There’s one supreme proper which evry being possesses – to suppose and act as he chooses. If he chooses to suppose and act selfishly, considering of his personal instant happiness solely and never of that of others , then he’ll quickly deliver upon himself, by the motion of the ethical legislation of trigger and impact, such afflictions as will trigger him to pause and take into account, and so discover a higher method. There isn’t a trainer to check with expertise, no chastisement so corrective and purifying as that which males ignorantly inflict upon themselves. The egocentric man is the ignorant man; he chooses his personal method, however it’s a method which ends up in struggling, and thru struggling to information and bliss. The nice man is the sensible man; he likewise chooses his personal method, however he chooses it within the full gentle of information, having handed by the phases of ignorance and struggling, and arrived at information and bliss.

    A person begins to know what “seeing no evil” is when, placing away all private needs in his judgments of others, he considers them from their very own standpoint, and judges their actions not from his personal customary however from theirs. It’s as a result of males setup arbitrary requirements of proper and mistaken, and are anxious that every one ought to conform to their explicit customary, that they see evil in one another. A person is simply rightly judged when he’s judged not from my customary or yours however from his personal, and to take care of him thus will not be judgment it’s Love. It is just after we look by the eyes of Impersonal Love that we develop into enlightened, and see others as they are surely; and a person is approaching that Love when he can say in his coronary heart: “Who am I that I ought to choose one other? Am I so pure and sinless that I arraign males and go the judgment of evil upon them? Somewhat let me humble myself, and proper mine personal errors, earlier than assuming the place of supreme choose of these of different males.”

    It was stated by one among outdated to those that had been about to stone, as evil, a girl taken within the act of committing one of many darkest sins: “He that’s with out sin let him solid the primary stone”; and although he who stated it was with out sin but he took up no stone, nor handed any bitter judgment, however stated, with infinite gentleness and compassion: “Neither do I condemn thee; go, and sin no extra.”

    Within the pure coronary heart there is no such thing as a room left the place private judgements and hatreds can discover lodgement,for it’s crammed to overflowing with tenderness and love; it sees no evil; and solely as males achieve seeing no evil in others will they develop into free from sin and sorrow and struggling.

    No man sees evil in himself or his personal acts besides the person who’s turning into enlightened, after which he abandons these acts which he has come to see are mistaken. Each man justifies himself in what he does, and, nonetheless evil others might regard his conduct, he himself thinks it to be good and obligatory; If he didn’t he wouldn’t, couldn’t do it. The offended man all the time justifies his anger; the covetous man his greed; the impure man his unchastity; the liar considers that his mendacity is altogether obligatory; the slanderer believes that, in vilifying the characters of these whom he dislikes, and warning different individuals towards their “evil” natures, he’s doing properly; the thief is satisfied that stealing is the shortest and greatest strategy to lots, prosperity, and happiness; and even the assassin thinks that there’s a floor of justification for his deed.

    Each man’s deeds are in accordance with the measure of his personal gentle or darkness, and no man can reside greater than he’s or act past the boundaries of his knowl55 edge. Nonetheless, he can enhance himself, and thereby progressively enhance his gentle and prolong the vary of his information. The offended man indulgence in raillery and abuse as a result of his information doesn’t prolong to forbearance and endurance. Not having practised gentleness, he doesn’t perceive it, and can’t select it; nor can he know, by its comparability with the sunshine of gentleness,the darkness of anger. It’s the similar with the liar, the slanderer, and the thief; he lives on this darkish situation of thoughts and motion as a result of he’s restricted to it by his immature information and expertise, as a result of by no means having lived within the greater situations, he has no information of them, and it’s, to him, as in the event that they had been non-existent: “The sunshine shineth within the darkness and the darkness comprehendenth it not. Nor can he perceive even the situations during which he’s dwelling, as a result of, being darkish, they’re essentially devoid of all information.

    When a person pushed by repeated sufferings to eventually mirror upon his conduct, involves see that his anger or mendacity, or no matter ignorant situation he might have been dwelling in, is productive solely of hassle and sorrow then he abandons it, and commences to seek for , and practise, the other and enlightened situation; and when he’s firmly established within the higher method, in order that his information of each situations is full, then he realises in what nice darkness he had previously lived. This data of excellent and evil by expertise constitutes enlightment.

    When a person begins to look, because it had been, by the eyes of others, and to measure them by thier personal customary and never by his, then he ceases from seeing of evil in others, for he is aware of that each man’s notion and customary of excellent and evil is totally different; that there is no such thing as a vice so low however some males regard itas good; no advantage so excessive however some males regard it as evil; and what a person regards nearly as good that to him is sweet; what he regards as evil that to him is evil.

    Nor will the purified man, who has ceased to see evil in others, have any need to win males to his personal methods or opinions, however will relatively assist them in their very own explicit groove, figuring out that an enlarged expertise solely, and never merely change of opinion can result in greater information and higher blessedness.

    It is going to be discovered that males see evil in those that differ from them, good in those that agree with them. The person who significantly loves himself and is enarmoured of his opinions will love all those that agree with him and can dislike all those that disagree with him. “If ye love them that love ye, what reward have ye?…. Love your enemies, do good to them that hate you.” Egotism and vainness make males blind. Males of opposing spiritual views hate and persecute one another; males of opposing political opinions battle and condemn one another. The partisan measures all males by his personal customary, and units up his judgements accordingly. So satisfied is he that he’s proper and others mistaken that he atlast persuades himself that to inflict cruelty on others is each good and obligatory as a way to coerce them into his mind-set and appearing, and so deliver them to the appropriate – his proper – towards their very own motive and can.

    Males hate, condemn, resist and inflict struggling upon one another, not as a result of they’re intrinsically evil, not as a result of they’re intentionally “depraved” and are doing, within the full gentle of fact, what they know to be mistaken, however as a result of they regard such conduct as obligatory and proper. All males are intrinsically good, however some are wiser than others, are older in expertise than others. I lately heard, in substance, the next dialog between two males whom I’ll name D- and E-. The third individual refered to as X is a distinguished politician:-

    E. Each man reaps the results of his personal ideas and deeds, and suffers for his personal mistaken.

    D. If this is the case, and if no man can escape from the penalty of his evil deeds, what an inferno a few of our males in energy have to be making ready for themselves.

    E. Whether or not a person is in energy or not, as long as he lives in ignorance and sin, he’ll reap sorrow and struggling.

    D. Look, as an illustration, at X-, a person completely evil, given up completely to selfishness and ambition; absolutely nice torments are reserved for therefore unprincipled a person.

    E. However how have you learnt he’s so evil.

    D. By his works, his fruits. Once I see a person doing evil I do know that he’s evil; and I can’t even consider X- however I burn with righteous indignation. Iam typically inclined to doubt that there’s an overruling energy for good once I see such a person able the place he can accomplish that a lot hurt to others.

    E. What evil is he commiting?

    D. His complete coverage is evil. He’ll damage the nation if he stays in energy.

    E. However whereas there are giant numbers of people that consider X- as you do there are additionally giant numbers, equally clever, who look on him nearly as good and ready, who admire him for his wonderful qualities, and regard his coverage as beneficent and making for nationwide progress. He owes his place to those individuals; are additionally they evil?

    D. They’re deceived and mislead. And this solely makes – X’s evil all of the higher, in that he can so succesfully make use of his abilities in deceiving others as a way to achieve his personal egocentric ends. I hate the person.

    E. Could it not be doable that you’re deceived?

    D. In what method?

    E. Hatred is self-deception; love is self-enlightenment. No man can see both himself or others clearly till he ceases from hatred and practises love.

    D. That sounds very stunning, however it’s impracticable. Once I see a person doing evil to others, and deceiving and deceptive them, I have to hate him. It’s proper that I ought to accomplish that. X- is with out a spark of conscience.

    E. X- might or is probably not all you beleive to be, however, even when he’s, in response to your individual phrases, he ought to be pitied and never condemned.

    D. How so?

    E. You say he’s with out a conscience.

    D. Completely so.

    E. Then he’s a psychological cripple.Do you hate the blind as a result of they can’t see, that dumb as a result of they can’t communicate, or the deaf as a result of they can’t hear? When a captain has misplaced his rudder or damaged his compass do you condemn him beause he didn’t hold his ship off the rocks? Do you maintain him answerable for the lack of life? If a person is completely devoid of conscience he’s with out the means of ethical steerage, and all his selfishness should, perforce, seem to him good and proper and correct. X- might seem evil to you, however is he evil to himself? Does he regard his personal conduct as evil?

    D. Whether or not he regards himself as evil or not he’s evil.

    E. If I had been to treat you as evil due to your hatred for X- ought to I be proper?

    D. No.

    E. Why not?

    D. As a result of in such a case hatred is important, justifiable and righteous. There’s such a factor as righteous anger, righteous hatred.

    E. Is there such a factor as righteous selfishness, righteous ambition, righteous evil? I ought to be fairly mistaken in relating to you as evil, since you are doing what you might be satisfied is correct, since you regard your hatred for X- as a part of your responsibility as a person and a citizen; nonetheless, there’s a higher method that that of hatred, and it’s the information of this higher method that stops me from hating X- as you do, as a result of nonetheless mistaken his conduct would possibly seem to me, it’s not mistaken to him nor to his supporters; furthermore, all males reap as they sow.

    D. What, then, is that higher method?

    E. It’s the method of Love; the ceasing to treat others as evil. It’s a blessed and peaceable state of coronary heart.

    D. Do you imply that there’s a state which a person can attain whereby he’ll develop offended when he sees individuals doing evil?

    E. No, I don’t imply that, for whereas a person regards others as evil he’ll proceed to develop offended with them; however I imply {that a} man can attain a state of calm perception and spotless love whereby he sees no evil to develop offended with, whereby he understands the varied natures of males – how they’re prompted to behave, and the way they reap, because the harvest of their very own ideas and deeds, the tares of sufferings and the corn of bliss. To achieve that state is to treat all males with compassion and love.

    D. The state that you just image is a really excessive one- it’s, little doubt, a really holy and exquisite one- however it’s a state that I ought to be sorry to achieve; and I ought to pray to be preserved from a way of thinking had been I couldn’t hate a person like X- with an intense hatred.

    Thus by this dialog it will likely be seen that D- regarded his hatred nearly as good. Even so all males regard that which they do as essential to be performed. The issues which males habitually observe these issues they consider in. When religion in a factor wholly ceases it ceases to be practised. D-’s particular person liberty is the same as that of different males, and he has a proper to hate one other if he so needs, nor will he abandon his hatred till he discovers, by the sorrow and unrest which it entails, how mistaken and silly and blind it’s, and the way, by its observe, he’s injuring himself.

    An excellent Instructor was as soon as requested by one among His disciples to elucidate the excellence between good and evil, and holding His hand with the fingers pointing downward, He stated: “The place is my hand pointing?”

    And the disciple replied: “It’s ponting downward.”

    Then, turning His hand upward, the Instructor requested: “The place now could be my hand pointing?”

    And the disciple answered: “It’s pointing upward.”

    “That,” stated the Instructor, “is the excellence between evil and good.”

    By this straightforward illustration He indicated that evil is merely wrongly-directed vitality, and good rightly-directed vitality, and that the so-called evil man turns into good by reversing his conduct.

    To know the true nature of evil by dwelling within the good is to stop to see different males as evil. Blessed is he who, turning from the evil in others exerts himself within the purification of his personal coronary heart. He shall sooner or later develop into of “too pure eyes to behold evil.”

    Realizing the character of evil, what does it behove a person to do? It behoves him to reside solely in that which is sweet: due to this fact if a person condemn me, I can’t condemn him in return; if he revile me I’ll give him kindness; if he slander me I’ll communicate of his good qualities, if he hate me then he significantly wants, and shall obtain, my love. With the impatient I will probably be affected person; with the grasping I will probably be beneficiant, and with the violent and quarrelsome I will probably be gentle and peaceful. Seeing no evil, whom ought to I hate or who regard as mine enemy?

    “Had been mankind murderous or jealous upon you, my brother, my sister?
    I’m so sorry for you. They aren’t murderous or jealous upon me;
    All has been mild with me, I hold no account with lamentation;
    What have I to do with lamentation?”

    He who sees males as evil imagines that behind these acts that are referred to as “depraved” there’s a company and substantial evil prompting these explicit sins however he of stainless imaginative and prescient sees the deeds, themselves because the evil, and is aware of that there is no such thing as a evil energy, no evil soul or man behind these deeds. The substance of the universe is sweet; there is no such thing as a substance of evil.Goodalone is everlasting; there is no such thing as a mounted or everlasting evil.

    As brothers and sisters, born of the identical dad and mom and being of 1 house-hold, love one another by all vicissitudes, see no evil in one another, however overlook all errors, and cling collectively within the sturdy bonds of affection-even so the nice man sees humanity as one religious household, born of the identical Father-Mom, being of the identical essence and making for a similar purpose, and he regards all women and men as his brothers and sisters, makes no divisions and distinctions, sees none as evil, however is at peace with all. Glad is he who attains to this blessed state.

    9. Abiding Pleasure

    “Who carry music of their coronary heart
    By way of dusky alne and wrangleing mart,
    plying their day by day toil with busier toes,
    As a result of their secret souls a holier repeat.”

    “Serene will probably be our days and brilliant,
    And completely satisfied will our nature be,
    When love is an unerring gentle,
    And pleasure its personal safety.

    Wordsworth.

    ABIDING pleasure! Is there such a factor? The place is it? Who possesses it? Yea; there’s such a factor. It’s the place there is no such thing as a sin. It’s possessed by the pure hearted.

    As darkness is a passing shadow, and light-weight is substance that continues to be, so sorrow is fleeting, however pleasure abides for ever. No true factor can go away and develop into misplaced; no false factor can stay and be preserved. Sorrow is fake, and it can’t reside; pleasure is true, and it can’t die. Pleasure might develop into hidden for a time, however it may be all the time be recovered; sorrow might stay for a interval, however it may be transcended and dispersed.

    Don’t suppose your sorrow will stay; it should go away like a cloud. Don’t consider that the torments of sin are ever your portion; they are going to vanish like a hideous nightmare. Awake! come up! Be holy and Joyful!

    You’re the creator of your individual shadows; you need and you then grieve; resign and you then all rejoice.

    You aren’t the impotent slave of sorrow; the By no means-Ending Gladness awaits your House-coming.You aren’t the helpless prisioner of the darkness and goals of sin; even now the gorgeous gentle of holiness shines upon your sleeping lids, able to greet your awakening imaginative and prescient.

    Within the heavy, troubled sleep of sin and self the abiding pleasure is misplaced and forgotten; its timeless music is not any extra heard, and the perfume of its fadeless flowers now not cheers the center of the wayfarer.

    However when sin and self are deserted, when the clinging to issues for private pleasure is put away, then the shadows of grief disappear, and the center is restored to its Imperishable Pleasure.

    Pleasure comes and fills the self-emptied coronary heart; it abides with the peaceable; its reign is with the pure.

    Pleasure flees from the egocentric; it deserts the quarrel-some; it’s hidden from the impure. Pleasure is as an angel so stunning and delicate and chaste that she will solely dwell with holiness. She can’t stay with selfishness; she is wedded to Love. Each man is really completely satisfied in as far as he’s unselfish; he’s depressing in as far as he’s egocentric. All actually good males, and by good males I imply those that have fought victoriously the battle towards self, are males of pleasure. How nice is the jubiliation of the saint ! No true trainer guarantees sorrow as the last word of life; he guarantees pleasure. He factors to sorrow, however solely as a course of which sin has rendered obligatory. The place self ends grief passes away. Pleasure is the companion of righteousness. Within the divine life tender compassion fills the place the place weeping sorrow sat. In the course of the means of turning into unselfish there are intervals of deep sorrow. Purification is essentially extreme. All turning into is painful. Abiding pleasure is its completion is realised solely within the perfection of being, and that is

    “A state
    The place all is lovelines, and energy and love,
    With all sublimest qualities of thoughts,
    .. The place all
    Take pleasure in whole dominion o’er themselves.
    Acts, emotions, ideas, situations, qualities.”

    Think about how a flower evolves and turns into; at first there’s a little germ groping its method in the dead of night soil in the direction of the higher gentle; then the plant seems, and leaf is added unto leaf; and eventually the perfected flower seems, within the candy fragrance and chaste great thing about which all effort ceases.

    So, with human life; at first the blind groping for the sunshine in the dead of night soil of selfishness and ignorance; then the approaching into the sunshine, and the gradual overcoming of selfishness with its accompanying ache and sorrow; and eventually the right flower of a pure, unselfish life, giving forth, with out effort, the fragrance of holiness and the fantastic thing about pleasure.

    The nice, the pure, are the superlatively completely satisfied. Nevertheless males might argumentatively deny or qualify this, humanity instinctively is aware of it to be true. Don’t males all over the place image their angels as essentially the most joyful of beings? There are joyful angels in our bodies of flesh; we meet them and go on; and what number of of those that are available contact with them are sufficiently pure to see imaginative and prescient inside the kind – to see the incorruptible angel in its frequent instrument of clay?

    “They wants should grope who can’t see, The blade earlier than the ear have to be; The outward symbols disappear From him whose inward sight is obvious.”

    Sure; the pure are the joyful. We glance virtually in useless for any expressions of sorrow within the phrases of Jesus. The “Man of Sorrows” is simply accomplished within the Man of Pleasure.

    “I, Buddha, who wept with all my brother’s tears, Whose coronary heart was damaged by an entire world’s woe, Snort and am glad, for there’s Liberty!”

    In sin, and within the battle towards sin, there’s unrest and affliction, however within the perfection of Reality, within the path of Righteousness, there’s abiding pleasure.

    “Enter the Path! There spring the therapeutic streams Quenching all thirst! There bloom th’ immortal flowers Carpeting all the best way with pleasure! There throng Swiftest and sweetest hours!”

    Tribulation lasts solely as long as there stays some chaff of self which must be eliminated. The tribulum, or threshing-machine, ceases to work when all of the grain is separated from chaff; and when the final impurities are blown away from the soul, tribulation has accomplished its work, and there’s no extra want for it; then abiidng pleasure is realised.

    All of the saints and prophets and saviors of the race have proclaimed with rejoicing the “Gospel” or the “Good Information.” All males know what Good Information is – An impending calamity prevented, a illness cured, buddies arrived or returned in security, difficulties overcome, success in some enterprise assured – however what’s the “Good Information” of the saintly ones? This: that there’s peace for the troubled, therapeutic for the stricken, gladness for the grief-stricken, victory for the sinful, a homecoming for the wanderer, and pleasure for the sorrowing and broken-hearted. Not that these stunning realities shall be in some future world, however they’re right here and now, that they’re recognized and realised and loved; and are, due to this fact, proclaimed that every one might settle for them who will break the galling bonds of self and rise into the wonderful liberty of unselfish love.

    Search the best Good, and as you discover it, as you practise it and realise it, you’ll style the deepest, sweetest pleasure. As you achieve forgetting your individual egocentric needs in your thoughtfulness for others, in your look after others, in your service for others, simply to date and no additional will you discover and realise the abiding pleasure in life.

    Contained in the gateway of unselfishness lies the elysium of Abiding Pleasure, and whosoever will might enter in, whosoever doubts let him come and see.

    And figuring out this – that selfishness results in distress, unselfishness to pleasure, not merely for one’s self alone – for if this had been all how unworthy could possibly be our endeavours! – however for the entire world and since all with whom we reside and are available contact would be the happier and more true for our unselfishness; as a result of Humanity is one, and the enjoyment of 1 is the enjoyment of all – figuring out this allow us to scatter flowers and never thorns within the frequent methods of life – yea, even within the freeway of our enemies allow us to scatter the blossoms of unselfish love – so shall the strain of their footprints fill the air with the fragrance of holiness and gladen the world with the aroma of pleasure.

    10. Silentness

    “Be nonetheless! The crown of life is silentness.
    Give thou a quiet hour to every lengthy day,
    An excessive amount of of time we spend in profitless
    And silly speak. Too little do we are saying.
    “If thou wouldst collect phrases that shall avail,
    Studying a knowledge worthy to specific,
    Depart for some time thy chat and empty tale-
    Research the golden speech of silentness.”

    A.L.Salmon.

    “Be nonetheless, my soul.
    Relaxation awhile from the feverish actions in
    which you lose your self.
    Be not afraid to be left alone with your self
    for one brief hour.”

    Ernest Crosly.

    Within the phrases of a sensible man there’s nice energy, however his silence is extra highly effective nonetheless. The best males educate us most successfully when they’re purposely silent. The silent angle of the nice man famous, maybe, by one or two of his disciples solely is recorded and preserved by the ages; whereas the obtrusive phrases of the merely intelligent talker, heard, maybe, by hundreds, and directly popularised, are uncared for and forgotten in, at most, a number of generations. The silence of Jesus, when requested by Pilate “What’s Reality?” is the spectacular, the terrible silence of profound knowledge; it’s pregnant with humility and reproof, and perpetually rebukes that shallowness that, illustrating the reality that “fools step in the place angels worry to tread,” would when it comes to triteness parcel out the universe, or suppose to utter the be-all and the end-all of the thriller of issues in some textual system or theological platitude. When, plied with questions on Brahma (God) by the argumentative Brahmans, Buddha remained silent, he taught them higher than they knew, and if by his silence he did not fulfill the silly he thereby profoundly in65 structed the sensible. Why all this ceaseless speak about God, with its accompaniment of intolerance? Let males practise some measure of kindliness and good-will, and thereby acquaint themselves with the easy rudiments of knowledge. Why all these speculative arguments in regards to the nature of God? Allow us to first perceive considerably of ourselves. There aren’t any higher marks of folly and ethical immaturity than irreverence and presumption; no higher manifestations of knowledge and ethical maturity than reverence and humility. Lao-Tze, in his personal life, exemplified his instructing that the sensible man “teaches with out phrases.” Disciples had been interested in him by the ability which ever accompanies a sensible reserve. Residing in comparative obscurity and silence, not courting the ear of males, and by no means going out to show, males sought him out and discovered of him knowledge.

    The silent acts of the Nice Ones are beacons to the sensible, illuminating their pathway with no unsure radiance, for he would attain to advantage and knowledge should study, not solely when to talk and what to say, but in addition when to stay silent and what to not say. The best management of the tongue is the start of knowledge; the appropriate management of the thoughts is the consummation of knowledge. By curbing his tongue a person good points possession of his thoughts, and to have full possession of 1’s thoughts is to be a Grasp of Silence.

    The idiot babbles, gossips, argues, and bandies phrases. He glories in the truth that he has had the final phrase and has silenced his opponent. He exults in his personal folly, is ever on the defensive, and wastes his energies in unprofitable channels. He is sort of a gardener who continues to dig and plant in unproductive soil.

    The sensible man avoids idle phrases, gossip, useless argument, and self-defence. He’s content material to look defeated; rejoices when he’s defeated, figuring out that, having discovered and eliminated one other error in himself he has thereby develop into wiser. Blessed is he who doesn’t attempt for the final phrase!

    “Backward I see in my very own days the place I sweated by
    fog with linguists and contenders;
    I’ve no mockings or arguments, I witness and wait“

    Silence beneath provocation is the mark of a cultured and sympathetic soul. The inconsiderate and unkind are stirred by each slight provocation, and can lose their psychological steadiness by even the looks of a private encroachment. The selfpossession of Jesus will not be a miracle; it’s the flower of tradition, the diadem of knowledge. Once we learn of Jesus that “He answered by no means a phrase” and of Buddha that “He remained silent,” we get a glimpse of the huge energy of silence, of the silent majesty of true greatness.

    The silent man is the highly effective man. The sufferer of garrulity is devoid of affect; his religious energies are dissipated. Each mechanic is aware of that earlier than a pressure will be utilised and undoubtedly directed it have to be conserved and saved; and the sensible man is a religious mechanic who conserves the energies of his thoughts, holds them in masterful abeyance, prepared at any second to direct them, with efficient function, to the accomplishment of some obligatory work.

    The true energy is in silentness. It’s properly stated that “The canine that barks doesn’t chew.” The grim and barely damaged silence of the bull-dog is the required adjunct to that powerfully concentrated and effectual motion for which the animal is understood and feared. This, in fact, is a decrease type of silentness, however the precept is similar. The boaster fails; his thoughts is diverted from the principle function; and his energies are frittered away upon self-glorification. His forces are divided between his activity and the reward to himself, the higher portion going to feed the lust of reward. He’s like an unskilful basic who loses the battle by dividing his forces as a substitute of concentrating them upon a degree. Or he is sort of a careless engineer who leaves open the waste-valve of his engine and permits the steam to run down. The modest, silent, earnest man succeeds: free of vainness, and avoiding the dissipation of self-glorification, all his powers are concentrated upon the profitable efficiency of his activity. Even whereas the opposite man is speaking about his powers he’s already about his work, and is a lot nearer than the opposite to its completion. It’s a legislation all over the place and all the time that vitality distributed is topic unto vitality conserved. The noisy and boasting Charles will ever be thrown by the quiet and modest Orlando.

    It’s a legislation universally relevant that quietness is energy. The enterprise man who succeeds by no means talks about his plans, strategies, and affairs, and may he, turned giddy by success, start to do that he’ll then start to fail. The person of nice ethical affect by no means talks about himself and his religious victories, for, ought to he accomplish that, in that second his ethical energy and affect could be gone, and, like Samson, he could be shorn of his energy. Success, worldly or religious, is the prepared servant of sturdy, regular, silent, unflinching function. Probably the most highly effective disintegrating forces make no noise. The greatly-overcoming thoughts works silently.

    If you happen to could be sturdy, helpful, and self-reliant study the worth and energy of silentness. Don’t speak about your self. The world instinctively is aware of that the useless talker is weak and empty, and so it leaves him to his personal vainness. Don’t speak about what you’re going to do however do it, and let your completed work communicate for itself. Don’t waste your forces in criticising and disparaging the work of others however set about to do your individual work totally and properly. The worst work with earnestness and sweetness behind it’s altogether higher than barking at others. While you’re disparaging the work of others you might be neglecting your individual. If others are doing badly assist and instruct them by doing higher your self. Neither abuse others nor account their abuse of any weight. When attacked stay silent: on this method you’ll conquer your self, and can, with out using phrases, educate others.

    However the true silence will not be merely a silent tongue; it’s a silent thoughts. To merely maintain one’s tongue, and but to hold a couple of disturbed and rankling thoughts, is not any treatment for weak spot and no supply of energy. Silentness, to be highly effective, should envelop the entire thoughts, should permeate each chamber of the center; it have to be the silence of peace. To this broad, deep, abiding silentness a person attains solely within the measure that he conquers himself. Whereas passions, temptations, and sorrows disturb, the holier, profounder depths of silence are but to be sounded. To sensible beneath the phrases and actions of others means that you’re but weak, uncontrolled, unpurified. So rid your coronary heart of the disturbing influences of vainness and delight and selfishness that no petty spite can attain you, no slander or abuse disturb your serene repose. Because the storm rages ineffectually towards a well-built home, whereas its occupant sits composed and completely satisfied by his fireplace facet inside, so no evil with out can disturb or hurt him who’s properly fortified with knowledge; self-governed and silent, he stays at peace inside. To this nice silence the self-conquered man attains.

    “Envy and calumny, and hate and ache, And that unrest which males miscall delight, Can contact him not, nor torture him once more“

    There isn’t a commoner error amongst males than that of supposing that nothing will be achieved with out a lot speaking and far noise. The busy, shallow talker regards the quiet thinker or silent doer as a person wasted; he thinks silentness means “doing nothing, and that hurrying, bustling, and ceaseless speaking means “doing a lot.” He additionally confounds reputation with energy. However the thinker and doer is the actual and effectual employee. His work is on the root and core and substance of issues, and as Nature silently, but with hidden and wondrous alchemy, transmutes the impolite parts of earth and air into tender leaves, stunning flowers, delectable fruits, – yea right into a myriad types of magnificence – even so does the silent purposeful employee remodel the methods of males and the face of the world by the would possibly and magic of his silently-directed vitality. He wastes no time and pressure in tinkering with the ever-changing and synthetic floor of issues, however goes to the dwelling important centre, and works therefrom and thereon; and in due season, maybe when his perishable kind is withdrawn from the world, the fruits of his obscure however imperishable labours come forth to gladden the world. However the phrases of the talker perish. The world reaps no harvest from the sowing of sound.

    He who conserves his psychological forces additionally conserves his bodily forces. The strongly quiet, calm man lives to a higher age, and within the possession of higher well being than the hurrying, noisy man. Quiet, subdued psychological concord is conducive to bodily concord – well being. The followers of George Fox are immediately the healthiest, longest-lived and most profitable portion of the British neighborhood, they usually reside quiet, unostentatious, purposeful lives, avoiding all worldly excitements and pointless phrases. They’re a silent individuals, all their conferences being performed on the precept that “Silence is Energy.”

    Silentness is highly effective as a result of it’s the end result of self-conquest, and the extra efficiently a person governs himself the extra silent he turns into. As he succeeds in dwelling to a function and to not the pleasures of self he withdraws himself from the outer discords of the world and reaches to the inward music of peace. Then when he speaks there’s function and energy behind his phrases, and when he maintains silence there’s equal and even higher energy therein. He doesn’t utter that which is adopted by ache and tears; doesn’t try this which is productive of sorrow and regret. However, saying and doing these issues solely that are ripe with thoughtfulness, his conscience is quiet, and all his days are blessed.

    11. Solitude

    “Why idly search from outward issues
    The reply inward silence brings?
    Why climb the far-off hills with ache,
    A nearer view of heaven to achieve?
    In lowliest depths of bosky dells
    The hermit Contemplation dwells,
    Whence, piercing heaven, with screened sight,
    He sees at midday the celebs, whose gentle
    Shall glorify the approaching night time.”

    Whittier.

    “Within the nonetheless hour when ardour is at relaxation
    Collect up shops of knowledge in thy breast.”

    Wordsworth.

    Man’s important being is inward, invisible, religious, and as such it derives its life, energy, from inside, not from with out. Outward issues are channels by which its energies are expended, however for renewal it should fall again on the inward silence.

    In as far as man strives to drown this silence within the noisy pleasures of the senses, and endeavours to reside within the conflicts of outward issues, simply a lot does he reap the experiences of ache and sorrow, which, turning into eventually insupportable, drive him again to the toes of inward Comforter, to the shrine of the peaceable solitude inside.

    Because the physique can’t thrive on empty husks, neither can the spirit be sustained on empty pleasures. If not often fed the physique loses its vitality, and, pained with starvation and thirst, cries out for foods and drinks. It’s the similar with the spirit: it have to be often nourished in solitude on pure and holy ideas or it should lose its freshness and energy, and can eventually cry out in its painful and utter hunger. The craving of an anguish-stricken soul for gentle and comfort is the cry of a spirit that’s perishing of starvation and thirst. All ache and sorrow is religious hunger, and aspiration is the cry for meals. It’s the Prodigal Son who, perishing of starvation, turns his face longingly in the direction of his Father’s dwelling.

    The pure lifetime of the spirit can’t be discovered; however is misplaced, within the lifetime of the senses. The decrease needs are ever clamorous for extra, they usually afford no relaxation. The outward world of enjoyment, private contact, and noisy actions is a sphere of wear and tear and tear which necessitates the counterbalancing impact of solitude. Simply because the physique requires relaxation for the recuperation of its forces, so the spirit requires solitude for the renewal of its energies. Solitude is as indispensable to man’s religious welfare as sleep is to his bodily well-being; and pure thought, or meditation, which is evoked in solitude, is to the spirit what exercise is to the physique. Because the physique breaks down when disadvantaged of the needful relaxation and sleep, so do the spirits of males break down, being disadvantaged of the required silence and solitude. Man, as a religious being, can’t be maintained in energy, uprightness, and peace besides he periodically withdraw himself from the outer world of perishable issues and attain inwardly in the direction of the abiding and imperishable realities. The consolations of the creeds are derived from the solitude which these creeds implement. The common observance of the ceremonies of formal faith, attended, as they’re, with concentrated silence and freedom from worldly distractions, compels males to do unconsciously that which they haven’t but discovered to do consciously – specifically, to pay attention the thoughts periodically on the inward silence, and meditate, although very briefly, on excessive and holy issues. The person who has not discovered to manage and purify his thoughts in seasons of chosen solitude, but whose awakening aspirations grope for one thing greater and nobler than he but possesses, feels the need for assistance from ceremonial faith; however he who has taken himself in hand with a view to self-conquest, who withdraws into solitude as a way to grapple together with his decrease nature, and masterfully bend his thoughts in holy instructions, requires no additional support from e book or priest or Church. The Church doesn’t exist for the pleasure of the saint however for the elevation of the sinner.

    In solitude a person gathers energy to fulfill the difficulties and temptations of life, information to know and conquer them, and knowledge to transcend them. As a constructing is preserved and sustained by advantage of the inspiration which is hidden and unobserved, so a person is maintained perpetually in energy and peace by advantage of his lonely hour of intense thought which no eye beholds.

    It’s in solitude solely {that a} man will be actually revealed to himself, that he can come to know his actual nature, with all its powers and prospects. The voice of the spirit will not be heard within the hubbub of the world and amid the clamours of conflicting needs. There will be no religious progress with out solitude.

    There are those that shrink from too shut a scrutiny of themselves, who dread too full a self revelation, and who worry that solitude which would depart them alone with their very own ideas and name up earlier than their psychological imaginative and prescient the wraith of their needs. And they also go the place the din of enjoyment is loudest and the place the reproving voice of Reality is drowned. However he who loves Reality, who needs and seeks knowledge, will probably be a lot alone. He’ll search the fullest, clearest revelation of himself, will keep away from the haunts of frivolity and noise, and can go the place the candy, tender voice of the spirit of Reality can communicate inside him and be heard.

    Males go after a lot firm and search out new excitements, however they aren’t acquainted with peace; in various paths of enjoyment they seek for happiness however they don’t come to relaxation; by various methods of laughter and feverish delirium they wander after gladness and life, however their tears are many and grievous, and they don’t escape loss of life.

    Drifting upon the ocean of life seeking egocentric indulgences males are caught in its storms and solely after many tempests and far privation do they fly to the Rock of Refuge which rests within the deep silence of their very own being.

    Whereas a person is absorbed in outward actions he’s giving out his energies and is turning into spiritually weaker, and as a way to retain his ethical vigour he should resort to solitary meditation. So needful is that this that he who neglects it loses or doesn’t attain the appropriate information of life; nor does he comprehend and overcome these most deeply rooted and subtlest of sins which seem like virtues deceiving the elect, and to which all however the actually sensible succumb.

    “True dignity abides with him alone,
    Who, within the silent hour of inward thought,
    Can nonetheless suspect and nonetheless revere himself
    In lowliness of coronary heart.”

    He who lives, with out ceasing in outward pleasure lives most in disappointments and griefs. The place the sounds of enjoyment are best heart-emptiness is the keenest and deepest. He, additionally, whose complete life, even when not one among lust for pleasure, is centered in outward works, who offers solely with the altering panorama of seen issues, by no means falling again, in solitude, upon the inside and invisible world of everlasting being, such a person doesn’t attain information and knowledge, however stays empty; he can’t support the world, can’t feed its aspirations, for he has no meals to supply it, his religious retailer being empty. However he who courts solitude as a way to seek for the reality of issues, who subdues his senses and makes fairly his needs, such a person is day by day attaining information and knowledge; he turns into stuffed with the spirit of fact; he can support the world, for his religious retailer is full, and is stored properly replenished.

    Whereas a person is absorbed within the contemplation of inward realities he’s receiving information and energy; he opens himself, like a flower, to the common gentle of Reality, and receives and drinks in its life-imparting rays; he additionally goes to the everlasting basis of information and quenches his thirst in its inspiring waters. Such a person good points, in a single hour of concentrated thought, extra important information than an entire yr’s studying might impart. Being is infinite and information is illimitable and its supply inexhaustible, and he who attracts upon the innermost depths of his being drinks from the spring of divine knowledge which might by no means run dry, and quaffs the waters of immortality.

    It’s this recurring affiliation with the deep realities of being, this continuous consuming in of the Water of Life at its perennial supply, that constitutes genius. The sources of genius are inexhaustible as a result of they’re drawn from the unique and common supply, and for a similar motive the works of genius are ever new and contemporary. The extra a genius provides out the fuller he turns into. With the accomplishment of each work his thoughts extends and expands, reaches out extra vastly, and sees wider and ever wider ranges of energy. The genius is impressed. He has bridged the gulf between the finite and infinite. He wants no secondary aids, however attracts from that common spring which is the supply of each noble work. The distinction between a genius and an extraordinary man is that this – the one lives in inward realities, the opposite in outward appearances; the one goes after pleasure, the opposite after knowledge; the one depends on books, the opposite depends upon his personal being. E book-learning is sweet when its true place is known, however will not be the supply of knowledge. The supply of knowledge is in life itself, and is comprehended by effort, observe, and expertise. Books give data however they can’t bestow information; they’ll stimulate however can’t accomplish – you should put forth effort, and obtain for your self. The person who depends completely upon books, and doesn’t go to the silent sources inside himself, is superficial, and turns into quickly exhausted. He’s uninspired (although he could also be extraordinarily intelligent), for he quickly reaches the tip of his inventory of knowledge, and so turns into void and repetitious. His works lack the candy spontaneity of life and ever-renewed freshness of inspiration. Such a person has minimize himself off from the infinite provide and offers, not with life itself, however with lifeless or decaying appearances. Data is restricted; information is boundless.

    The inspiration of genius and greatness is fostered, advanced, and eventually accomplished in solitude. Probably the most extraordinary man who conceives a noble function, and, summoning all his energies and can, broods upon and ripens his function in solitude will accomplish his object and develop into a genius. The person who renounces the pleasure of the world, who avoids reputation and fame, and who works in obscurity and thinks in solitude for the accomplishment of a lofty perfect for the human race, turns into a seer and a prophet. He who silently sweetens his coronary heart, who attunes his thoughts to that which is pure and exquisite and good, who in lengthy hours of lonely contemplation strives to achieve to the central an everlasting coronary heart of issues, brings himself in contact with the inaudible harmonies of being, opens himself for the reception of the cosmic tune, and turns into eventually a singer and a poet.

    And so with all genius: it’s the little one of solitude – a really simple-hearted little one – wide-eyed and listening and exquisite, but withal to the noise-enamoured world an incomprehensible thriller, of which it’s only from time to time vouchsafed a glimpse from past the well-guarded Portals of Silence.

    “In man’s self come up August anticipations; symbols, varieties Of a dim splendour ever on earlier than In that everlasting circle life pursues.” St.Paul, the merciless persecutor and blind bogot, after spending three years alone within the desert, comes forth a loving apostle and an impressed seer. Gautama Siddhartha, the person of the world, after six years (within the forest) of lonely battle together with his passions and intense meditation upon the deep mysteries of his nature, turns into Buddha, the enlightened one, the embodiment of calm, serene knowledge, to whom a heart-thirsty world turns to refreshing waters of immortality. Lao-tze, an extraordinary citizen filling a cosmopolitan workplace, in his seek for information courts solitude, and discovers Tao, the Supreme Motive, by advantage of which he turns into a world-teacher. Jesus, the unlettered carpenter, after a few years of solitary communion upon the mountains with the Unfailing Love and Knowledge, comes forth a blessed saviour of mankind.

    Even after they’d attained, and had scaled the lofty heights of divine information these Nice Souls had been a lot alone, and retired incessantly for temporary seasons of solitude. The best man will fall from his ethical top and lose his affect if he neglects that renewal of energy which might solely be obtained in solitude. These Masters attained their energy by consciously harmonising their ideas and lives with the inventive energies inside themselves, and by transcending individuality and sinking their petty private will within the Common Will they grew to become Masters of Inventive Thought, and stand because the loftiest devices for the outworking of cosmic evolution.

    And this isn’t miraculous, it’s a matter of legislation; it’s not mysterious besides in as far as legislation is mysterious. Each man turns into a inventive grasp in as far as he subordinate himself to the universally good and true. Each poet, painter, saint, and sage is the mouth-piece of the Everlasting. The perfection of the message varies with the measure of particular person selflessness. In as far as self intervenes the distinctness of the work and message turns into blurred. Excellent selflessness is the acme of genius, the consummation of energy.

    Such self-abnegation can solely be begun, pursued, and accomplished in solitude. A person can’t collect collectively and focus his religious forces whereas he’s en74 gaged in spending these forces in worldly actions, and though after energy is attained the steadiness of forces will be maintained beneath all circumstances, even within the midst of the antagonistic throng, such energy is simply secured after a few years of frequent and recurring solitude.

    Man’s true House is within the Nice Silence – that is the supply of all that’s actual and abiding inside him; his current nature, nonetheless, is twin, and outer actions are obligatory. Neither whole solitude nor whole motion is the true life on this planet, however that’s the true life which gathers, in solitude, energy and knowledge to rightly carry out the actions of life; and as a person returns to his dwelling within the night, weary with labour, for that candy relaxation and refreshment which can put together him for one more day’s toil, so should he wouldn’t break down within the labour of life come away kind the noise and toil of the world’s nice workshop and relaxation for temporary intervals in his abiding House within the Silence. He who does this, spending some portion of every day in sacred and purposeful solitude, will develop into sturdy and helpful and blessed.

    Solitude is for the sturdy, or for many who are able to develop into sturdy. When a person is turning into nice, he turns into solitary. He goes in solitude to hunt, and that which he seeks, he finds, for there’s a Method to all information, all knowledge, all fact, all energy. And the Manner is for ever open, but it surely lies by soundless solitudes and the unexplored silences of man’s being.

    12. Standing Alone
    “By all means use to be alone, Salute thyself; see what thy soul doth put on.”

    George Herbert.

    He that has gentle inside his personal clear breast My sit within the heart and revel in brilliant day.”

    Milton.

    Within the lifetime of blessedness self-reliance is of the utmost significance. If there is no such thing as a peace there have to be energy; if there’s to be safety there have to be stability; if there’s to be lasting pleasure there have to be no leaning upon issues which at any second could also be snatched away for ever.

    A person doesn’t start to really reside till he finds an immovable heart inside himself on which to face, by which to manage his life, and from which to attract his peace. If he trusts to that which fluctuates he additionally will fluctuate; if he leans upon that which can be withdrawn he’ll fall and be bruised; if he appears to be like for satisfaction in perishable accumulations he’ll starve for happiness within the midst of lots.

    Let a person study to face alone, trying to nobody for help; anticipating no favours, craving no private benefits; not begging, nor complaining, not craving, nor regretting, however relying upon the reality inside himself, deriving his satisfaction and luxury from the integrity of his personal coronary heart.

    If a person can discover no peace inside himself the place shall he discover it? If he dreads to be alone with himself what steadfastness shall he discover in firm? If he can discover no pleasure in communion together with his personal ideas how shall he escape distress in his contact with others? The person who has but discovered nothing inside himself upon which to face will nowhere discover a place of fixed relaxation.

    Males all over the place are deluded by the superstition that their happiness rests with different individuals and with outward issues, and, in consequence, they reside in continuous disappointments, regrets, and lamentations. The person who doesn’t search for happiness to any others or to exterior issues, however finds inside himself its inexhaustible supply, will probably be self-contained and serene beneath all circumstances, and can by no means develop into the helpless sufferer of distress and grief. The person who appears to be like to others for help, who measures his happiness by the conduct of others and never by his personal, who relies upon upon their co-operation for his peace of thoughts – such a person has no religious foothold, his thoughts is tossed hither and thither with the continuous adjustments happening round him, and he lives in that ceaseless ebb and circulation of the spirits which is wretchedness and unrest. He’s a religious cripple, and has but to discover ways to preserve his psychological heart of gravity, and so go with out assistance from crutches.

    As a baby learns to stroll as a way to go about from place to put of itself sturdy and unaided, so ought to a person study to face alone, to guage and suppose and act for himself, and to decide on, within the energy of his personal thoughts, the oath-way which he shall stroll.

    With out is change and decay and insecurity, inside is all surety and blessedness. The soul is adequate of itself. The place the necessity is there’s the considerable provide. Your everlasting dwelling-place is inside; go there and take possession of your mansion; there you’re a king, elsewhere you’re a vassal. Be contended that others shall handle or mismanage their very own little kingdom, and see to it that you just reign strongly over your individual. Your whole well-being and the well-being of the entire world lies there. You have got a conscience, comply with it; you will have a thoughts, make clear it; you will have a judgment, use and enhance it; you will have a will, make use of and strengthen it; you will have information, enhance it; there’s a gentle inside your soul, watch it, have a tendency it, encourage it, defend it from the winds of ardour, and assist it to burn with a steadier and ever steadier radiance. Depart the world and are available again to your self. Assume as a person, act as a person, reside as a person. Be wealthy in your self, be full in your self. Discover the abiding heart inside you and obey it. The earth is sustaining its orbit by its obedience to its heart the solar. Obey the middle of sunshine that’s inside you; let others name it darkness if they are going to. You’re answerable for your self, are accountable to your self, due to this fact rely on your self. If you happen to worry your self who will place confidence in you? If you’re unfaithful to your self the place shall you discover the candy satisfaction of Reality?

    The good man stands alone within the easy dignity of unbiased manhood; he pursues his personal path fearlessly, and doesn’t apologise or “beg go away.” Criticism and applause aren’t any extra to him than the mud upon his coat, of which he shakes himself free. He isn’t guided by the altering opinions of males however guides himself by the sunshine of his personal thoughts. Different males barter away their manhood for messes of flattery or trend.

    Till you possibly can stand alone, on the lookout for steerage neither to spirits nor mortals, gods nor males, however guiding your self by the sunshine of the reality inside you, you aren’t unfettered and free, not altogether blessed. However don’t mistake delight for self-reliance. To aim to face upon the crumbling basis of delight is to be already fallen. No man relies upon upon others greater than the proud man. He drinks of their approbation and resents their censure. He errors flattery for sound judgment, and is most simply harm or happy by the opinions of others. His happiness is completely within the fingers of others. However the self-reliant man stands, not upon private delight, however on an abiding legislation, precept, perfect, actuality inside himself. Upon this he poises himself, refusing to be swept from his sturdy foothold both by the waves of ardour inside or the storms of opinion with out, however ought to he at any time lose his steadiness he shortly regains himself, and is absolutely restored. His happiness is completely in his personal fingers.

    Discover your heart of steadiness and achieve standing alone, and, no matter your work in life could also be, you’ll succeed; you’ll accomplish what you set your thoughts upon , for the actually self-reliant man is the invincible man. However although you don’t rely on others, study of them. By no means stop to extend in information, and be ever able to obtain that which is sweet and helpful. You cannot have an excessive amount of humility; essentially the most self-reliant males are essentially the most humble. “No aristocrat, no prince born to the purple, can start to check with the self-respect of the saint. Why is he lowly, however that he is aware of that he can properly afford it, resting on the largeness of God in him.” Study of all males, and particularly of the masters of Reality, however don’t lose your maintain upon the reality that the last word steerage is in your self. A grasp can say : “Right here is the trail,” however he can neither compel you to stroll it nor stroll it for you. You will need to put forth your individual efforts , should obtain by your individual energy, should make his fact your fact by your individual unaided exertions; you should implicitly belief your self.

    “This factor is God – to be Man with thy would possibly,
    To develop nice within the energy of thy spirit,
    And reside out thy life as the sunshine.”

    You’re to be grasp of your self, lord over your self, not fawning and imitating, however doing all of your work as a dwelling, important portion of the universe; giving love however not anticipating it; giving sympathy however not longing for it; giving support however not relying upon it. If males ought to censure your work, heed them not. It sufficeth that your work be true: relaxation you on this sufficiency. Don’t ask : “Will my work please?” however : “Is it actual?” In case your work be true the criticism of males can’t contact it; if it’s false their disapproval won’t slay it faster than it should die of itself. The phrases and acts of Reality can’t go away till their work is absolutely achieved; the phrases and acts of error can’t stay, for they haven’t any work to do. Criticism and resentment are alike superfluous.

    Free your self from the self-imposed tyranny of slavish dependence, and stand alone, not as an remoted unit, however as a sympathetic portion of the entire. Discover the Pleasure that outcomes from properly -earned freedom, the peace that flows from sensible selfpossession, the blessedness that inheres in native energy.

    “Honour to him who, self-complete, if lone,
    Carves to the grave one pathway all his personal,
    And heeding naught that males might imagine or say,
    Asks however his soul if uncertain of the best way.”

    13. Understanding the Easy Legal guidelines of Life

    “Watch narrowly
    The demonstration of a fact, its delivery,
    And also you hint again the effluence to its spring
    And supply inside us.”

    Browning.

    “Extra is the treasure of legislation than gems;
    Sweeter than comb its sweetness. Its delights,
    Pleasant previous examine.”

    The Gentle of Asia.

    WALKING these byways which I’ve to date identified, resting of their magnificence and consuming of their blessedness, the pilgrim alongside life’s broad freeway will in due time come to 1 whereby his final burden will fall from him, the place all his weariness will go away, the place he’ll drink of light-hearted liberty, and relaxation in perpetual peace. And this most blessed of religious byways, the richest supply of energy and luxury, I name The Proper Understanding of the Easy Legal guidelines of Life. He who involves it leaves behind him all lack and longing, all doubt and perplexity, all sorrow and uncertainty. He lives within the fulness of satisfaction, in gentle and information, in gladness and surety. He who comprehends the utter simplicity of life, who obeys its legal guidelines and doesn’t step apart into the darkish paths and complicated mazes of egocentric need, stands the place no hurt can attain him, the place no enemy can lay him low – and he doubts, needs, and sorrows no extra. Doubt ends the place actuality begins; painful need ceases the place the fulness of pleasure is perpetual and full; and when the Unfailing and Everlasting Good is realised what room is there for sorrow?

    Human life when rightly lived is easy with a fantastic simplicity, however it’s not rightly lived whereas it’s sure to a complexity of lusts, needs, and wants- these will not be the actual life however the burning fever and painful illness which originate in an unenlightened situation of thoughts. The curbing of 1’s needs is the start of knowledge; their whole mastery its consummation. That is so as a result of life is bounded by legislation, and ,being inseparable from legislation, life has no want that isn’t already equipped. Now lust, or need, will not be want, however a rebellious superfluity, and as such it results in deprivation and distress. The prodigal son, whereas in his father’s home, not solely had all that he required, however was surrounded by a superabundance. Want was not obligatory, as a result of all issues had been at hand; however when need entered his coronary heart he “went right into a far nation,” and “started to be in need,” and it was solely when he grew to become lowered to the utmost extremity of hunger that he turned with longing in the direction of his father’s dwelling. This parable is symbolical of the evolution of the person and the race. Man has come into such a complexity of cravings that he lives in continuous discontent, dissatisfaction, need, and ache; and his solely remedy lies in a return to the Father’s House – that’s, to precise dwelling or being as distinguished from wanting. However a person doesn’t do that till he’s lowered to the final extremity of religious hunger ; he has then reaped the expertise of ache and sorrow as the results of need, and appears again with longing in the direction of the true lifetime of peace and lots; and so he turns spherical, and begins his toilsome journey again in the direction of his House, in the direction of that wealthy life of easy being whereby is emancipation from the thraldom and fever and starvation of need, and this eager for the true life, for Reality, Actuality, shouldn’t be confounded with need: it’s aspiration. Want is the longing for possession: aspiration is the starvation of the center for peace. The longing for issues leads ever farther and farther from peace, and never solely ends in deprivation however is, in itself, a state of perpetual need. Till it involves an finish relaxation, satisfaction, is an impossibility. The starvation for issues can by no means be happy, however the starvation for peace can and the satisfaction of peace is discovered, is absolutely possessed, when all egocentric need is deserted. Then there’s fulness of pleasure, abounding lots, and wealthy and full blessedness. On this supremely blessed state life is comprehended in its excellent symmetry and ease and the acme of energy and usefulness is attained. Then even the starvation for peace ceases, for peace turns into the conventional situation, is absolutely possessed, fixed and never-varying. Males, immersed in need, ignorantly think about that the conquest of need, results in inactivity, lack of energy, and lifelessness. As an alternative , it results in extremely concentrated exercise, to the total employment of energy, and to a life so wealthy, so superb, and so abundantly blessed as to be incomprehensible to those that starvation for pleasures and possessions. Of this life solely can it’s stated:

    “Right here aren’t any sounds of discord – no profane
    Or mindless gossip of unworthy things-
    Solely the songs of chisels and of pens,
    Of busy brushes, and ecstatic strains
    Of souls surcharged with music most divine
    Right here is not any idle sorrow, no poor grief
    For any day or object left behind –
    For time is counted valuable, and herein
    Is such full abandonment of Self
    That tears flip into rainbows, and improve
    The great thing about the land the place all is honest.”

    When a person is rescued from egocentric need his thoughts is unencumbered, and he’s free to work for humanity. Now not racing after these gratifications which go away him hungry nonetheless, all his powers are at his instant command. Looking for no rewards he can focus all his energies upon the faultless completion of his duties, and so accomplish all issues and fulfill all righteousness.

    The absolutely enlightened and absolutely blessed man will not be prompted to motion be need however works from information. The person of need wants the promise of reward to induce him to motion. He’s as a baby working for the possession of a toy. However the man of information, dwelling within the fulness of life and energy, can at any second deliver his energies into requisition for the accomplishment of that which is important. He’s, spiritually, a full-grown man; for him all rewards have ceased; to him all occurrences are good; he lives all the time in full satisfaction. Such a person has attained to life, and his delight ( and it’s a candy, perpetual, and never-failing delight) is in obedience to the easy calls for of tangible and never-failing legislation.

    However this lifetime of supreme blessedness is an finish, and the pilgrim who’s striving in the direction of it, the prodigal returning to it, should journey thither, and make use of means to get there. He should go by the nation of his animal needs, disentangling himself from their intricacies, simplifying them, overcoming them; that is the best way, and he has no enemies however what spring inside himself. At first the best way appears exhausting as a result of, blinded by need, he doesn’t understand the easy construction of life, and its legal guidelines are hidden from him; however as he turns into extra easy in his thoughts the direct legal guidelines of life develop into unfolded to his religious notion, and directly the purpose is reached the place these legal guidelines start to be understood and obeyed; then the best way turns into plain and straightforward; there is no such thing as a extra uncertainty and darkness, however all is seen within the clear gentle of information.

    It would assist to speed up the progress of the searcher for the true and blessed life if we now flip to a consideration of a few of these easy legal guidelines that are rigidly mathematical of their operations.

    “The elementary legal guidelines by no means apologise.”

    All life is one, although it has a variety of manifestations; all legislation is one, however it’s relevant and operative in a wide range of methods. There’s not one legislation for matter and one other for thoughts, not one for the fabric and visual and one other for the religious and invisible; there is similar legislation all through. There’s not one sort of logic for the world and one other for the spirit, however the identical logic is relevant to each. Males faithfully, and with unerring worldly knowledge, observe sure legal guidelines or guidelines of motion in materials issues, figuring out that to disregard or disobey them could be nice folly on their half, ending in catastrophe for themselves and confusion for society and the state, however they err in supposing and believing that the identical guidelines don’t apply in religious issues, and thereby undergo for his or her ignorance and disobedience.

    It’s a legislation in worldly issues {that a} man shall help himself, that he shall earn his dwelling, and that “He that won’t work, neither shall he eat.” Males observe this legislation, recognising its justice and goodness, and so earn the required materials sustenance. However in religious issues males, broadly talking, deny and ignore the operation of this legislation. They suppose that, whereas it’s completely simply {that a} man ought to earn his materials bread, and that the person who shirks this legislation ought to wander in rags ands need, it’s proper that they need to beg for his or her religious bread, suppose it to be simply that they need to obtain all religious blessings with out both deserving or making an attempt to earn them. The result’s that almost all males wander in religious beggary and need – that’s, in struggling and sorrow – disadvantaged of religious sustenance, of pleasure and information and peace.

    If you’re in want of any worldly factor – meals, clothes, furnishings, or different obligatory – you don’t beg of the storekeeper to provide it to you; you ask the worth of it, pay for it along with your cash, after which it turns into your individual. You recognise the right justice in giving an equal for what you obtain, and wouldn’t want it to be in any other case. The identical simply legislation prevails in religious issues. If you’re in want of any religious factor – pleasure, assurance, peace, or whatelse soever – you possibly can solely come into full possession of it by giving an equal; you should pay the worth for it. As you should give a portion of your materials substance for a cosmopolitan factor so you should give a portion of your immaterial substance for a religious factor. You will need to yield up some ardour or lust or vainness or indulgence earlier than the religious possession will be yours. The miser who clings to his cash and won’t surrender any of it due to the pleasure which its possession affords him can’t have any of the fabric comforts of life. He lives in continuous need and discomfort despite all his wealth. The person who won’t surrender his passions, who clings to anger, unkindness, sensuality, delight, vainness, self-indulgence, for the momentary pleasure which their gratification affords him is a religious miser; he can’t have any religious comforts, and suffers continuous religious need and uneasiness despite the wealth of worldly pleasures which he fondly hugs and refuses to surrender.

    The person who is sensible in worldly issues neither begs nor steals, however labours and purchases, and the world honours him for his uprightness. The person who is sensible in religious issues neither begs nor steals, however labours in his personal inside world, and purchases his religious possessions. Him the entire universe honours for his righteousness.

    It’s one other legislation in worldly issues {that a} man who engages himself to a different in any type of employment shall be content material with the wages upon which he agreed. If on the finish of his week’s work, and on receiving his wages, he had been to ask his employer for a bigger sum, pleading that, although he couldn’t justly declare it and didn’t actually deserve it, but he anticipated it, he wouldn’t solely not obtain the bigger sum however would, probably, be discharged from his publish. But in religious issues males don’t suppose it to be both silly or egocentric to ask for these blessings – religious wages – upon which they by no means agreed, for which they by no means laboured, and which they don’t deserve. Each man will get from the legislation of the universe that upon which he agrees and for which he works – no extra, no much less; and he’s regularly coming into into agreements with the Supreme Regulation – the Grasp of the universe. For each thought and act which he provides he receives its simply equal; for all work performed within the type of deeds he receives the wages on account of him. Realizing this, the enlightened man is all the time content material, all the time happy, and in excellent peace, figuring out that no matter he receives (be it that males name misfortune or luck) he has earned. The Nice Regulation by no means cheats any man of his simply due, but it surely says to the railer and the complainer “Buddy didst thou not agree with me for a penny a day?”

    Once more, if a person would develop wealthy in worldly items he should economise, and husband his monetary sources till he has collected adequate capital to spend money on some department of business; then he should judiciously make investments his little retailer of capital, neither holding it too tightly nor letting it go carelessly. He thus will increase each in worldly knowledge and worldly riches. The idle spendthrift can’t develop wealthy; he’s wasteful and riotous. He who would develop wealthy in religious issues should additionally economise, and husband his psychological sources. He should curb his tongue and his impulses, not losing his vitality in idle gossip, useless argument, or excesses of mood. On this method he’ll accumulate somewhat retailer of knowledge which is his religious capital, and this he should ship out into the world for the nice of others, and the extra he makes use of it the richer will he develop into. Thus does a person enhance in each heavenly knowledge and heavenly riches. The person who follows his blind impulses and needs and doesn’t management and govern his thoughts is a religious spendthrift. He can by no means develop into wealthy in divine issues.

    It’s a bodily legislation that if we’d attain the summit of a mountain we should climb thither. The trail have to be sought after which rigorously adopted, and the climber should not surrender and return due to the labour concerned and the difficulties to be overcome, nor on account of aching climbs, in any other case his object can’t be achieved. And this legislation can be religious. He who would attain the excessive altitudes of ethical or mental grandeur should climb thither by his personal efforts. He should search out the pathway after which assiduosly comply with it, not giving up and turning again, however surmounting all difficulties, and enduring for a time trials, temptations, and heartaches, and eventually he’ll stand upon the wonderful summit of ethical perfection, the world of ardour, temptation, and sorrow beneath his toes, and the boundless heavens of dignity stretching huge and silent above his head.

    If a person would attain a distant metropolis, or anywhere of vacation spot, he should journey thither. There isn’t a legislation by which he will be immediately transported there. He can solely get there by placing forth the required exertion. If he walks he’ll put forth nice exertion, however it should value him nothing in cash; if he drives or takes prepare, there will probably be much less precise labour, however he should pay in cash for which he has laboured. To achieve anywhere requires labour; this can’t be prevented; it’s legislation. Equally so spiritually. He who would attain any religious vacation spot, equivalent to purity, compassion, knowledge, or peace, should journey thither, and should labour to get there. There isn’t a legislation by which he can out of the blue be transported to any of those stunning religious cities. He should discover essentially the most direct route after which put forth the required labour, and eventually he’ll come to the tip of his journey.

    These are however a number of of the various legal guidelines, or manifestations of the One Nice Regulation, that are to be understood, utilized and obeyed earlier than the total manhood and maturity of religious life and blessedness will be attained. There isn’t a worldly or bodily legislation which isn’t operative, with equal exactness, within the religious realm – that’s, the inside and invisible world of man’s beings. Simply as bodily issues are the shadows and kinds, of religious realities so worldly knowledge is the mirrored picture of Divine Knowledge. All these easy operations of human life in worldly issues which males by no means query, however comply with and obey implicitly due to their apparent plainness and exactness, acquire in religious issues with the identical unerring accuracy; and when that is understood, and these legal guidelines are as implicitly obeyed in religious as in worldly issues, then has a person reached the agency standing-ground of tangible information; his sorrows are at an finish, and he can doubt no extra.

    Life is uninvolved, uncompromising justice; its operations are easy, invincible logic. Regulation reigns for ever, and the center of legislation is love. Favouritism and caprice are the reverse of each legislation and love. The universe has no favourites; it’s supremely simply, and offers to each man his rightful earnings. All is sweet as a result of all his in response to legislation, and since all his in response to legislation, man can discover the appropriate method in life, and, having discovered it, can rejoice and be glad. The Father of Jesus is the Unfailing Good which is embodied within the legislation of issues. “No evil can occur to a great man both in life or loss of life.” Jesus recognised the nice in his personal destiny, and exonerated all his persecutors from blame. “No man,” he declared, “taketh my life from me, however I lay it down of myself.” That’s, he himself had caused his personal finish.

    He who has, by simplifying his life and purifying his thoughts, arrived at an understanding of the gorgeous simplicity of being, perceives the unvarying operation of legislation in all issues, and is aware of the results of all his ideas and deeds upon himself and the world – is aware of what results are sure up with the psychological causes which he units in movement. He then thinks and does solely these ideas and deeds which might be blessed of their inception, blessed of their progress, and blessed of their completion. Humbly accepting the lawful outcomes of all of the deeds performed when in a state of ignorance, he neither complains nor fears nor questions, however is at relaxation in obedience, is completely blessed in his information of the Good Regulation.

    “The tissue of our life to be
    We weave with colors all our personal,
    And within the discipline of Future
    We reap as we’ve got sown.
    “And if we reap as we’ve got sown,
    And take the dole we deal,
    The legislation of ache is love alone,
    The wounding is to heal.”

    14. Glad Endings

    “Such is the Regulation which strikes to righteousness,
    Which none eventually can flip apart or keep;
    The guts of it’s Love, the tip of it
    Is peace and consummation candy. Obey.”

    The Gentle of Asia.

    “So, haply, when thy activity shall finish,
    The mistaken shall lose itself in proper,
    And all thy week-day Sabbaths mix
    With the lengthy Sabbath of the Gentle!”

    Whittier.

    Life has many completely satisfied endings, as a result of it has a lot that’s noble and pure and exquisite. Though there’s a lot sin and ignorance on this planet, many tears, and far ache and sorrow, there’s additionally a lot purity and information, many smiles, and far therapeutic and gladness. No pure thought, no unselfish deed can fall wanting its felicitous outcome, and each such result’s a cheerful consummation.

    A pleasing house is a cheerful ending; a profitable life is a cheerful ending; a activity properly and faithfully performed is a cheerful ending; to be surrounded by sort buddies is a cheerful ending. A quarrel put away, grudges worn out, unkind phrases confessed and forgiven, buddy restored to buddy – all these are completely satisfied endings. To search out that which one has lengthy and tediously sought; to be restored from tears to gladness; to awaken within the brilliant daylight out of the painful nightmare of sin, to strike, after a lot looking, the Heavenly Manner in life – these are, certainly, blessed consummations.

    He who appears to be like for, finds, and enters the byways which I’ve indicated will come to this one with out in search of it, for his complete life will probably be stuffed with completely satisfied endings. He who begins proper and continues proper doesn’t must need and seek for felicitous outcomes; they’re already at hand; they comply with as penalties; they’re the certainties, the realities of life.

    There are completely satisfied endings which belong solely to the fabric world; these are transient, they usually go away. These are completely satisfied endings which belong to the religious world; these are everlasting, and they don’t go away. Candy are companionships, pleasures, and materials comforts, however they alter and fade away. Sweeter nonetheless are Purity, Knowledge, and the information of Reality, and these by no means change nor fade away. Wherever a person goes on this world he can take his worldly possessions with him; however quickly he should half firm with them, and if he stands upon these alone, deriving all his happiness from them, he’ll come to a religious ending of nice vacancy and need. However he has attained to the possession of religious issues can by no means be disadvantaged of his supply of happiness: he won’t ever must half firm with it, and wherever he goes in the entire universe he’ll carry his possession with him. His religious finish would be the fulness of pleasure.

    Glad within the Everlasting Happiness is he who has come to that Life from which the considered self is abolished. Already, even now and on this life, he has entered the Kingdom of Heaven, Nirvana, Paradise, the New Jerusalem, the Olympus of Jupiter, the Valhalla of the Gods. He is aware of the Last Unity of Life, the Nice Actuality of which these fleeting and altering names are however feeble utterances. He’s at relaxation on the bosom of the Infinite.

    Candy is the remainder and deep the bliss of him who has freed his coronary heart from its lusts and hatreds and darkish needs; and he who, with none shadow of bitterness or selfishness resting upon him, and looking upon the world with boundless compassion and love, can breathe, in his inmost coronary heart, the blessing:

    Peace unto all dwelling issues,

    making no exceptions or distinctions – such a person has reached that completely satisfied ending which might by no means be taken away, for that is the perfection of life, the fulness of peace, the consummation of excellent blessedness.

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  • Matthew Arnold and Three Classes – The Barbarians, the Philistines and the Populace

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    Matthew Arnold is really a great fighter for prevailing real culture in the society of London. He finds the kingdom of materialism that is trying to strangle real culture. So, in this chapter, Arnold divides the society of England into three classes – The Aristocratic Class, the Middle Class and the Working Class. He finds Anarchy very common in these classes and analyses them with their virtues and defects. He designates the Aristocratic class of his time as the Barbains, the Middle class as the Philistines and the Working class as the Populace.

    His scrutiny of three classes of his time proves him a good experienced critic. For Aristocratic class, he views that this class lacks adequate courage for resistance. He calls this class the Barbarians because they believe in their personal individualism, liberty and doing as one likes; they had great passion for field sports. Their manly exercise, their strength and their good looks are definitely found in the Aristocratic class of his time. Their politeness resembles the Chivalry Barbarians, and their external styles in manners, accomplishments and powers are inherited from the Barbarians.

    The other class is the middle class or the Philistines, known by its mundane wisdom, expert of industry and found busy in industrialization and commerce. Their eternal inclination is to the progress and prosperity of the country by building cities, railroads and running the great wheels of industry. They have produced the greatest mercantile navy. So, they are the Empire builders. In this material progress, the working class is with them. All the keys of progress are in their hands.

    The other class is the working class or the populace. This class is known raw and half-developed because of poverty and other related diseases. This class is mostly exploited by the Barbarians and Philistines. The author finds democratic arousing in this class because they are getting political consciousness and are coming out from their hiding places to assert an English man’s heaven- born privilege of doing as he likes, meeting where he likes, bawling what he likes, and breaking what he likes.

    Despite such class system, Arnold finds a common basis of human nature in all. So, the spirit of sweetness and light can be founded. Even Arnold calls himself philistine and rises above his level of birth and social status in his pursuit of perfection, sweetness and light and culture. He further says that all three classes find happiness in what they like. For example, the Barbarians like honour and consideration, field sports and pleasure. The Philistines like fanaticism, business and money making and comfort and tea meeting, but the Populace class, hated by the both classes, likes shouting, hustling and smashing and beer. They all keep different activities by their social status. However, there are a few souls in these classes who hope for culture with a desire to know about their best or to see things as they are. They have desire to pursue reason and to make the will of God to prevail.

    For the pursuit of perfection, it does not lie only on the genius or the talented persons, but also on all classes. Actually, the love or the pursuit of perfection is within the approach of the common people. He calls the man of culture as the true nurse of pursuing love and sweetness and light. He finds such persons in all three classes who have a general human spirit for the pursuit of perfection. He says that the right source of authority is the best self or the right reason to be achieved by culture.

    The Best Self or the Right Reason & the Ordinary Self:

    Here he discusses the best self or the right reason and the ordinary self that can be felt in the pursuit of perfection only. In this regard, he talks about the bathos, surrounded by nature itself in the soul of man, is presented in literary judgment of some critics of literature and in some religious organizations of America. He further says that the idea of high best self is very hard for the pursuit of perfection in literature, religion and even in politics. The political system, prevalent in his time, was of the Barbarians. The leaders and the statesmen sang the praises of the Barbarians for winning the favour of the Aristocrats. Tennyson celebrates in his poems the glory of the great broad-shouldered genial Englishmen with his sense of duty and reverence for the laws. Arnold asserts that Tennyson is singing the praise of the philistines because this middle class is the backbone of the country in progress. The politicians sing the praise of the populace for carrying their favours. Indeed, they play with their feelings, having showed the brightest powers of sympathy and the readiest power of actions. All these praises are mere clap-trap and trick to gain applause. It is the taste of bathos surrounded by nature itself in the soul of man and comes into ordinary self. The ordinary self enforces the readers to misguide the nation. It is more admirable, but its benefits are entertained by the representatives and ruling men.

    Arnold inclines to right reason as a paramount authority which has the appeal to best self. All the classes must follow it, otherwise anarchy will be prevailed, and they will do what they like to do. In education, he wants to prevail best self because it was at jeopardy. He is of the opinion that when one man’s particular sort of taste for the bathos shall tyrannize over the other man’s, in result, the right reason or the best self must fail to rule in education. He insists on right reason that is the authority in the matter of education. The state of affairs in education arises for the lack of intellectual flexibilities in educationists who are neglecting the best self or right reason and are trying to appeal to the genial taste for the bathos; and tearing it to its natural operation and its infinite variety of experiments.

    Arnold wants to bring reform in education by shifting the management of public schools from their old board of trustees to the state. Like politics, in education the danger lies in unchecked and unguided individual action. All the actions must be checked by the real reason or the best self of the individual. It is the opinion of some people that the state may not interfere into affairs of education. The liberal party men believe in liberty, the individual liberty of doing as one likes and assert that interference of the state in education is a violation of personal liberty. Arnold says that such ideal personal liberty has still indefinite distance.

    The mission of Arnold’s culture is that each individual must act for himself and must be perfect himself. The chosen people or classes must dedicate themselves to the pursuit of perfection, and he seems to be agreed with Humboldth, the German Philosopher, in case of the pursuit of perfection. The culture will make them perfect on their own foundation. So, it is essential that man must try to seek human perfection by instituting his best self or real reason; culture, in the end, would find its public reason.

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    Source by Ali Asghar Joyo

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  • The Problems With Conventional Wisdom- 8 Things That Most People Know About Money That Just Is not So

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    What would you do if I told you that most of what you "know" about money and wealth was absolutely false … even harmful to you financially? Would you listen? Would you open up your mind for a few minutes … to try to be teachable?

    I know. It might be hard to admit that your assumptions about wealth could be wrong. These assumptions have been precious. You have forged them over long hard years of almost stubborn adherence to the general consensus. There are lessons that you feel learned from recessions in the market. There are the proverbs of so called wise-men which have been adopted into the conventional wisdom that are hard to ignore. And, most powerful of all, there are the admonitions of parents and loved-ones. All of this lifetime training (programming) has left indelible impressions.

    Nonetheless, most of what you have learned from these well-intentioned teachers is false … at least when taken in the context of today's investment climate. And still these false assumptions prevail, are nourished and passed on … a general case of the blind leading the blind, transferring this knowledge from generation to generation like a communicable disease.

    I'll never forget a radio interview I did in Pittsburgh. While I was talking with the host / interviewer, his assistant, a young woman, listened intently to our conversation as we discussed the dimensions of the road to wealth. After the interview, she came up to me and questioned, "Mr. Allen, all of what you say sounds interesting, even possible. I asked, "How are your parents doing financially?" She replied, "They are really strapped for money." I thought to myself, "By their fruits ye know know them," But I did not say anything because I saw the light of understanding come in on her eyes … if only for a moment. But when we began to discuss it further, I saw the doubts start to creep back in and I lost her.

    I lost her because she could not let go of her programming. These assumptions which we all carry with us are deeply rooted into the fabric of conventional money wisdom. And since they are so deeply embeded, they are equally difficult to dislodge.

    It reminds me of a story I heard recently about monkey traps. It sees that in Africa the natives use an ingenious method for catching monkeys. They hollow out a coconut shell by cutting a fairly small hole at one end … small enough to barely allow a monkey's hand. Inside the hollowed shell they place a few peanuts. they connect the coconut shell to a thin, strong, cord and wait in hiding for the monkeys to smell the peanuts. When a monkey discovers the nuts inside the shell he reaches in and grasps them in his fist … but the hole is too small to allow the tightly-clenched fist to escape. At this precise moment the natives pull on the cord and the monkey, who will not let go of the peanuts to save his life, is caught.

    Many of us are like those monkeys. We hold tight to our own peanut ideas for fear that we may lose them … when all the while, it is these very ideas that hold us captive and prevent the surplus freedom we long for. When approached with new and better ideas, the majority of us recoil and in essence say, "My mind is made up. Do not confuse me with the facts!" And then the blind remain dumb because they will not hear.

    Well, what are these false assumptions which most of us cling so properly to? And how can we rid themselves of them? The answers follow. I have tried to research these ideas by doing a broad cross-section survey of interviewing them about their attitudes on money. To seek another opinion, I have tried to choose a representative sampling of middle and low-income workers. Although my research is not yet complete, I think I can draw some conclusions which offer some insight. I have detailed information on the 8 false assumptions listed below and comments on each of them. I chose to break them up and write separate articles on each of them.

    False Assumption No.1 Having a job is good and leads extremely to wealth.

    False Assumption No.2 Saving your money is a good investment

    False Assumption No.3 Debt is bad. Avoid it like the plague.

    False Assumption No.4 Security is good. Get as much of it as you can, whatever the cost.

    False Assumption No.5 Risk is bad. Avoid it at all cost.

    False Assumption No.6 Failure is bad.

    False Assumption No.7 Wealth is measured in material holdings.

    False Assumption No.8 The Government is responsible for my financial well-being.

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    Source by Robert G Allen

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  • HEART OF DARKNESS By Joseph Conrad – Part Two

    “One evening as I was lying flat on the deck of my steamboat, I heard voices approaching—and there were the nephew and the uncle strolling along the bank. I laid my head on my arm again, and had nearly lost myself in a doze, when somebody said in my ear, as it were: ‘I am as harmless as a little child, but I don’t like to be dictated to. Am I the manager—or am I not? I was ordered to send him there. It’s incredible.’ … I became aware that the two were standing on the shore alongside the forepart of the steamboat, just below my head. I did not move; it did not occur to me to move: I was sleepy. ‘It is unpleasant,’ grunted the uncle. ‘He has asked the Administration to be sent there,’ said the other, ‘with the idea of showing what he could do; and I was instructed accordingly. Look at the influence that man must have. Is it not frightful?’ They both agreed it was frightful, then made several bizarre remarks: ‘Make rain and fine weather—one man—the Council—by the nose’—bits of absurd sentences that got the better of my drowsiness, so that I had pretty near the whole of my wits about me when the uncle said, ‘The climate may do away with this difficulty for you. Is he alone there?’ ‘Yes,’ answered the manager; ‘he sent his assistant down the river with a note to me in these terms: “Clear this poor devil out of the country, and don’t bother sending more of that sort. I had rather be alone than have the kind of men you can dispose of with me.” It was more than a year ago. Can you imagine such impudence!’ ‘Anything since then?’ asked the other hoarsely. ‘Ivory,’ jerked the nephew; ‘lots of it—prime sort—lots—most annoying, from him.’ ‘And with that?’ questioned the heavy rumble. ‘Invoice,’ was the reply fired out, so to speak. Then silence. They had been talking about Kurtz.

    “I was broad awake by this time, but, lying perfectly at ease, remained still, having no inducement to change my position. ‘How did that ivory come all this way?’ growled the elder man, who seemed very vexed. The other explained that it had come with a fleet of canoes in charge of an English half-caste clerk Kurtz had with him; that Kurtz had apparently intended to return himself, the station being by that time bare of goods and stores, but after coming three hundred miles, had suddenly decided to go back, which he started to do alone in a small dugout with four paddlers, leaving the half-caste to continue down the river with the ivory. The two fellows there seemed astounded at anybody attempting such a thing. They were at a loss for an adequate motive. As to me, I seemed to see Kurtz for the first time. It was a distinct glimpse: the dugout, four paddling savages, and the lone white man turning his back suddenly on the headquarters, on relief, on thoughts of home—perhaps; setting his face towards the depths of the wilderness, towards his empty and desolate station. I did not know the motive. Perhaps he was just simply a fine fellow who stuck to his work for its own sake. His name, you understand, had not been pronounced once. He was ‘that man.’ The half-caste, who, as far as I could see, had conducted a difficult trip with great prudence and pluck, was invariably alluded to as ‘that scoundrel.’ The ‘scoundrel’ had reported that the ‘man’ had been very ill—had recovered imperfectly…. The two below me moved away then a few paces, and strolled back and forth at some little distance. I heard: ‘Military post—doctor—two hundred miles—quite alone now—unavoidable delays—nine months—no news—strange rumours.’ They approached again, just as the manager was saying, ‘No one, as far as I know, unless a species of wandering trader—a pestilential fellow, snapping ivory from the natives.’ Who was it they were talking about now? I gathered in snatches that this was some man supposed to be in Kurtz’s district, and of whom the manager did not approve. ‘We will not be free from unfair competition till one of these fellows is hanged for an example,’ he said. ‘Certainly,’ grunted the other; ‘get him hanged! Why not? Anything—anything can be done in this country. That’s what I say; nobody here, you understand, here, can endanger your position. And why? You stand the climate—you outlast them all. The danger is in Europe; but there before I left I took care to—’ They moved off and whispered, then their voices rose again. ‘The extraordinary series of delays is not my fault. I did my best.’ The fat man sighed. ‘Very sad.’ ‘And the pestiferous absurdity of his talk,’ continued the other; ‘he bothered me enough when he was here. “Each station should be like a beacon on the road towards better things, a centre for trade of course, but also for humanizing, improving, instructing.” Conceive you—that ass! And he wants to be manager! No, it’s—’ Here he got choked by excessive indignation, and I lifted my head the least bit. I was surprised to see how near they were—right under me. I could have spat upon their hats. They were looking on the ground, absorbed in thought. The manager was switching his leg with a slender twig: his sagacious relative lifted his head. ‘You have been well since you came out this time?’ he asked. The other gave a start. ‘Who? I? Oh! Like a charm—like a charm. But the rest—oh, my goodness! All sick. They die so quick, too, that I haven’t the time to send them out of the country—it’s incredible!’ ‘Hm’m. Just so,’ grunted the uncle. ‘Ah! my boy, trust to this—I say, trust to this.’ I saw him extend his short flipper of an arm for a gesture that took in the forest, the creek, the mud, the river—seemed to beckon with a dishonouring flourish before the sunlit face of the land a treacherous appeal to the lurking death, to the hidden evil, to the profound darkness of its heart. It was so startling that I leaped to my feet and looked back at the edge of the forest, as though I had expected an answer of some sort to that black display of confidence. You know the foolish notions that come to one sometimes. The high stillness confronted these two figures with its ominous patience, waiting for the passing away of a fantastic invasion.

    “They swore aloud together—out of sheer fright, I believe—then pretending not to know anything of my existence, turned back to the station. The sun was low; and leaning forward side by side, they seemed to be tugging painfully uphill their two ridiculous shadows of unequal length, that trailed behind them slowly over the tall grass without bending a single blade.

    “In a few days the Eldorado Expedition went into the patient wilderness, that closed upon it as the sea closes over a diver. Long afterwards the news came that all the donkeys were dead. I know nothing as to the fate of the less valuable animals. They, no doubt, like the rest of us, found what they deserved. I did not inquire. I was then rather excited at the prospect of meeting Kurtz very soon. When I say very soon I mean it comparatively. It was just two months from the day we left the creek when we came to the bank below Kurtz’s station.

    “Going up that river was like traveling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, when vegetation rioted on the earth and the big trees were kings. An empty stream, a great silence, an impenetrable forest. The air was warm, thick, heavy, sluggish. There was no joy in the brilliance of sunshine. The long stretches of the waterway ran on, deserted, into the gloom of overshadowed distances. On silvery sand-banks hippos and alligators sunned themselves side by side. The broadening waters flowed through a mob of wooded islands; you lost your way on that river as you would in a desert, and butted all day long against shoals, trying to find the channel, till you thought yourself bewitched and cut off for ever from everything you had known once—somewhere—far away—in another existence perhaps. There were moments when one’s past came back to one, as it will sometimes when you have not a moment to spare for yourself; but it came in the shape of an unrestful and noisy dream, remembered with wonder amongst the overwhelming realities of this strange world of plants, and water, and silence. And this stillness of life did not in the least resemble a peace. It was the stillness of an implacable force brooding over an inscrutable intention. It looked at you with a vengeful aspect. I got used to it afterwards; I did not see it any more; I had no time. I had to keep guessing at the channel; I had to discern, mostly by inspiration, the signs of hidden banks; I watched for sunken stones; I was learning to clap my teeth smartly before my heart flew out, when I shaved by a fluke some infernal sly old snag that would have ripped the life out of the tin-pot steamboat and drowned all the pilgrims; I had to keep a lookout for the signs of dead wood we could cut up in the night for next day’s steaming. When you have to attend to things of that sort, to the mere incidents of the surface, the reality—the reality, I tell you—fades. The inner truth is hidden—luckily, luckily. But I felt it all the same; I felt often its mysterious stillness watching me at my monkey tricks, just as it watches you fellows performing on your respective tight-ropes for—what is it? half-a-crown a tumble—”

    “Try to be civil, Marlow,” growled a voice, and I knew there was at least one listener awake besides myself.

    “I beg your pardon. I forgot the heartache which makes up the rest of the price. And indeed what does the price matter, if the trick be well done? You do your tricks very well. And I didn’t do badly either, since I managed not to sink that steamboat on my first trip. It’s a wonder to me yet. Imagine a blindfolded man set to drive a van over a bad road. I sweated and shivered over that business considerably, I can tell you. After all, for a seaman, to scrape the bottom of the thing that’s supposed to float all the time under his care is the unpardonable sin. No one may know of it, but you never forget the thump—eh? A blow on the very heart. You remember it, you dream of it, you wake up at night and think of it—years after—and go hot and cold all over. I don’t pretend to say that steamboat floated all the time. More than once she had to wade for a bit, with twenty cannibals splashing around and pushing. We had enlisted some of these chaps on the way for a crew. Fine fellows—cannibals—in their place. They were men one could work with, and I am grateful to them. And, after all, they did not eat each other before my face: they had brought along a provision of hippo-meat which went rotten, and made the mystery of the wilderness stink in my nostrils. Phoo! I can sniff it now. I had the manager on board and three or four pilgrims with their staves—all complete. Sometimes we came upon a station close by the bank, clinging to the skirts of the unknown, and the white men rushing out of a tumble-down hovel, with great gestures of joy and surprise and welcome, seemed very strange—had the appearance of being held there captive by a spell. The word ivory would ring in the air for a while—and on we went again into the silence, along empty reaches, round the still bends, between the high walls of our winding way, reverberating in hollow claps the ponderous beat of the stern-wheel. Trees, trees, millions of trees, massive, immense, running up high; and at their foot, hugging the bank against the stream, crept the little begrimed steamboat, like a sluggish beetle crawling on the floor of a lofty portico. It made you feel very small, very lost, and yet it was not altogether depressing, that feeling. After all, if you were small, the grimy beetle crawled on—which was just what you wanted it to do. Where the pilgrims imagined it crawled to I don’t know. To some place where they expected to get something. I bet! For me it crawled towards Kurtz—exclusively; but when the steam-pipes started leaking we crawled very slow. The reaches opened before us and closed behind, as if the forest had stepped leisurely across the water to bar the way for our return. We penetrated deeper and deeper into the heart of darkness. It was very quiet there. At night sometimes the roll of drums behind the curtain of trees would run up the river and remain sustained faintly, as if hovering in the air high over our heads, till the first break of day. Whether it meant war, peace, or prayer we could not tell. The dawns were heralded by the descent of a chill stillness; the wood-cutters slept, their fires burned low; the snapping of a twig would make you start. We were wanderers on a prehistoric earth, on an earth that wore the aspect of an unknown planet. We could have fancied ourselves the first of men taking possession of an accursed inheritance, to be subdued at the cost of profound anguish and of excessive toil. But suddenly, as we struggled round a bend, there would be a glimpse of rush walls, of peaked grass-roofs, a burst of yells, a whirl of black limbs, a mass of hands clapping of feet stamping, of bodies swaying, of eyes rolling, under the droop of heavy and motionless foliage. The steamer toiled along slowly on the edge of a black and incomprehensible frenzy. The prehistoric man was cursing us, praying to us, welcoming us—who could tell? We were cut off from the comprehension of our surroundings; we glided past like phantoms, wondering and secretly appalled, as sane men would be before an enthusiastic outbreak in a madhouse. We could not understand because we were too far and could not remember because we were travelling in the night of first ages, of those ages that are gone, leaving hardly a sign—and no memories.

    “The earth seemed unearthly. We are accustomed to look upon the shackled form of a conquered monster, but there—there you could look at a thing monstrous and free. It was unearthly, and the men were—No, they were not inhuman. Well, you know, that was the worst of it—this suspicion of their not being inhuman. It would come slowly to one. They howled and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces; but what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity—like yours—the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly. Yes, it was ugly enough; but if you were man enough you would admit to yourself that there was in you just the faintest trace of a response to the terrible frankness of that noise, a dim suspicion of there being a meaning in it which you—you so remote from the night of first ages—could comprehend. And why not? The mind of man is capable of anything—because everything is in it, all the past as well as all the future. What was there after all? Joy, fear, sorrow, devotion, valour, rage—who can tell?—but truth—truth stripped of its cloak of time. Let the fool gape and shudder—the man knows, and can look on without a wink. But he must at least be as much of a man as these on the shore. He must meet that truth with his own true stuff—with his own inborn strength. Principles won’t do. Acquisitions, clothes, pretty rags—rags that would fly off at the first good shake. No; you want a deliberate belief. An appeal to me in this fiendish row—is there? Very well; I hear; I admit, but I have a voice, too, and for good or evil mine is the speech that cannot be silenced. Of course, a fool, what with sheer fright and fine sentiments, is always safe. Who’s that grunting? You wonder I didn’t go ashore for a howl and a dance? Well, no—I didn’t. Fine sentiments, you say? Fine sentiments, be hanged! I had no time. I had to mess about with white-lead and strips of woolen blanket helping to put bandages on those leaky steam-pipes—I tell you. I had to watch the steering, and circumvent those snags, and get the tin-pot along by hook or by crook. There was surface-truth enough in these things to save a wiser man. And between whiles I had to look after the savage who was fireman. He was an improved specimen; he could fire up a vertical boiler. He was there below me, and, upon my word, to look at him was as edifying as seeing a dog in a parody of breeches and a feather hat, walking on his hind-legs. A few months of training had done for that really fine chap. He squinted at the steam-gauge and at the water-gauge with an evident effort of intrepidity—and he had filed teeth, too, the poor devil, and the wool of his pate shaved into queer patterns, and three ornamental scars on each of his cheeks. He ought to have been clapping his hands and stamping his feet on the bank, instead of which he was hard at work, a thrall to strange witchcraft, full of improving knowledge. He was useful because he had been instructed; and what he knew was this—that should the water in that transparent thing disappear, the evil spirit inside the boiler would get angry through the greatness of his thirst, and take a terrible vengeance. So he sweated and fired up and watched the glass fearfully (with an impromptu charm, made of rags, tied to his arm, and a piece of polished bone, as big as a watch, stuck flatways through his lower lip), while the wooded banks slipped past us slowly, the short noise was left behind, the interminable miles of silence—and we crept on, towards Kurtz. But the snags were thick, the water was treacherous and shallow, the boiler seemed indeed to have a sulky devil in it, and thus neither that fireman nor I had any time to peer into our creepy thoughts.

    “Some fifty miles below the Inner Station we came upon a hut of reeds, an inclined and melancholy pole, with the unrecognizable tatters of what had been a flag of some sort flying from it, and a neatly stacked wood-pile. This was unexpected. We came to the bank, and on the stack of firewood found a flat piece of board with some faded pencil-writing on it. When deciphered it said: ‘Wood for you. Hurry up. Approach cautiously.’ There was a signature, but it was illegible—not Kurtz—a much longer word. ‘Hurry up.’ Where? Up the river? ‘Approach cautiously.’ We had not done so. But the warning could not have been meant for the place where it could be only found after approach. Something was wrong above. But what—and how much? That was the question. We commented adversely upon the imbecility of that telegraphic style. The bush around said nothing, and would not let us look very far, either. A torn curtain of red twill hung in the doorway of the hut, and flapped sadly in our faces. The dwelling was dismantled; but we could see a white man had lived there not very long ago. There remained a rude table—a plank on two posts; a heap of rubbish reposed in a dark corner, and by the door I picked up a book. It had lost its covers, and the pages had been thumbed into a state of extremely dirty softness; but the back had been lovingly stitched afresh with white cotton thread, which looked clean yet. It was an extraordinary find. Its title was, An Inquiry into some Points of Seamanship, by a man Towser, Towson—some such name—Master in his Majesty’s Navy. The matter looked dreary reading enough, with illustrative diagrams and repulsive tables of figures, and the copy was sixty years old. I handled this amazing antiquity with the greatest possible tenderness, lest it should dissolve in my hands. Within, Towson or Towser was inquiring earnestly into the breaking strain of ships’ chains and tackle, and other such matters. Not a very enthralling book; but at the first glance you could see there a singleness of intention, an honest concern for the right way of going to work, which made these humble pages, thought out so many years ago, luminous with another than a professional light. The simple old sailor, with his talk of chains and purchases, made me forget the jungle and the pilgrims in a delicious sensation of having come upon something unmistakably real. Such a book being there was wonderful enough; but still more astounding were the notes pencilled in the margin, and plainly referring to the text. I couldn’t believe my eyes! They were in cipher! Yes, it looked like cipher. Fancy a man lugging with him a book of that description into this nowhere and studying it—and making notes—in cipher at that! It was an extravagant mystery.

    “I had been dimly aware for some time of a worrying noise, and when I lifted my eyes I saw the wood-pile was gone, and the manager, aided by all the pilgrims, was shouting at me from the riverside. I slipped the book into my pocket. I assure you to leave off reading was like tearing myself away from the shelter of an old and solid friendship.

    “I started the lame engine ahead. ‘It must be this miserable trader—this intruder,’ exclaimed the manager, looking back malevolently at the place we had left. ‘He must be English,’ I said. ‘It will not save him from getting into trouble if he is not careful,’ muttered the manager darkly. I observed with assumed innocence that no man was safe from trouble in this world.

    “The current was more rapid now, the steamer seemed at her last gasp, the stern-wheel flopped languidly, and I caught myself listening on tiptoe for the next beat of the boat, for in sober truth I expected the wretched thing to give up every moment. It was like watching the last flickers of a life. But still we crawled. Sometimes I would pick out a tree a little way ahead to measure our progress towards Kurtz by, but I lost it invariably before we got abreast. To keep the eyes so long on one thing was too much for human patience. The manager displayed a beautiful resignation. I fretted and fumed and took to arguing with myself whether or no I would talk openly with Kurtz; but before I could come to any conclusion it occurred to me that my speech or my silence, indeed any action of mine, would be a mere futility. What did it matter what any one knew or ignored? What did it matter who was manager? One gets sometimes such a flash of insight. The essentials of this affair lay deep under the surface, beyond my reach, and beyond my power of meddling.

    “Towards the evening of the second day we judged ourselves about eight miles from Kurtz’s station. I wanted to push on; but the manager looked grave, and told me the navigation up there was so dangerous that it would be advisable, the sun being very low already, to wait where we were till next morning. Moreover, he pointed out that if the warning to approach cautiously were to be followed, we must approach in daylight—not at dusk or in the dark. This was sensible enough. Eight miles meant nearly three hours’ steaming for us, and I could also see suspicious ripples at the upper end of the reach. Nevertheless, I was annoyed beyond expression at the delay, and most unreasonably, too, since one night more could not matter much after so many months. As we had plenty of wood, and caution was the word, I brought up in the middle of the stream. The reach was narrow, straight, with high sides like a railway cutting. The dusk came gliding into it long before the sun had set. The current ran smooth and swift, but a dumb immobility sat on the banks. The living trees, lashed together by the creepers and every living bush of the undergrowth, might have been changed into stone, even to the slenderest twig, to the lightest leaf. It was not sleep—it seemed unnatural, like a state of trance. Not the faintest sound of any kind could be heard. You looked on amazed, and began to suspect yourself of being deaf—then the night came suddenly, and struck you blind as well. About three in the morning some large fish leaped, and the loud splash made me jump as though a gun had been fired. When the sun rose there was a white fog, very warm and clammy, and more blinding than the night. It did not shift or drive; it was just there, standing all round you like something solid. At eight or nine, perhaps, it lifted as a shutter lifts. We had a glimpse of the towering multitude of trees, of the immense matted jungle, with the blazing little ball of the sun hanging over it—all perfectly still—and then the white shutter came down again, smoothly, as if sliding in greased grooves. I ordered the chain, which we had begun to heave in, to be paid out again. Before it stopped running with a muffled rattle, a cry, a very loud cry, as of infinite desolation, soared slowly in the opaque air. It ceased. A complaining clamour, modulated in savage discords, filled our ears. The sheer unexpectedness of it made my hair stir under my cap. I don’t know how it struck the others: to me it seemed as though the mist itself had screamed, so suddenly, and apparently from all sides at once, did this tumultuous and mournful uproar arise. It culminated in a hurried outbreak of almost intolerably excessive shrieking, which stopped short, leaving us stiffened in a variety of silly attitudes, and obstinately listening to the nearly as appalling and excessive silence. ‘Good God! What is the meaning—’ stammered at my elbow one of the pilgrims—a little fat man, with sandy hair and red whiskers, who wore sidespring boots, and pink pyjamas tucked into his socks. Two others remained open-mouthed a while minute, then dashed into the little cabin, to rush out incontinently and stand darting scared glances, with Winchesters at ‘ready’ in their hands. What we could see was just the steamer we were on, her outlines blurred as though she had been on the point of dissolving, and a misty strip of water, perhaps two feet broad, around her—and that was all. The rest of the world was nowhere, as far as our eyes and ears were concerned. Just nowhere. Gone, disappeared; swept off without leaving a whisper or a shadow behind.

    “I went forward, and ordered the chain to be hauled in short, so as to be ready to trip the anchor and move the steamboat at once if necessary. ‘Will they attack?’ whispered an awed voice. ‘We will be all butchered in this fog,’ murmured another. The faces twitched with the strain, the hands trembled slightly, the eyes forgot to wink. It was very curious to see the contrast of expressions of the white men and of the black fellows of our crew, who were as much strangers to that part of the river as we, though their homes were only eight hundred miles away. The whites, of course greatly discomposed, had besides a curious look of being painfully shocked by such an outrageous row. The others had an alert, naturally interested expression; but their faces were essentially quiet, even those of the one or two who grinned as they hauled at the chain. Several exchanged short, grunting phrases, which seemed to settle the matter to their satisfaction. Their headman, a young, broad-chested black, severely draped in dark-blue fringed cloths, with fierce nostrils and his hair all done up artfully in oily ringlets, stood near me. ‘Aha!’ I said, just for good fellowship’s sake. ‘Catch ‘im,’ he snapped, with a bloodshot widening of his eyes and a flash of sharp teeth—‘catch ‘im. Give ‘im to us.’ ‘To you, eh?’ I asked; ‘what would you do with them?’ ‘Eat ‘im!’ he said curtly, and, leaning his elbow on the rail, looked out into the fog in a dignified and profoundly pensive attitude. I would no doubt have been properly horrified, had it not occurred to me that he and his chaps must be very hungry: that they must have been growing increasingly hungry for at least this month past. They had been engaged for six months (I don’t think a single one of them had any clear idea of time, as we at the end of countless ages have. They still belonged to the beginnings of time—had no inherited experience to teach them as it were), and of course, as long as there was a piece of paper written over in accordance with some farcical law or other made down the river, it didn’t enter anybody’s head to trouble how they would live. Certainly they had brought with them some rotten hippo-meat, which couldn’t have lasted very long, anyway, even if the pilgrims hadn’t, in the midst of a shocking hullabaloo, thrown a considerable quantity of it overboard. It looked like a high-handed proceeding; but it was really a case of legitimate self-defence. You can’t breathe dead hippo waking, sleeping, and eating, and at the same time keep your precarious grip on existence. Besides that, they had given them every week three pieces of brass wire, each about nine inches long; and the theory was they were to buy their provisions with that currency in riverside villages. You can see how that worked. There were either no villages, or the people were hostile, or the director, who like the rest of us fed out of tins, with an occasional old he-goat thrown in, didn’t want to stop the steamer for some more or less recondite reason. So, unless they swallowed the wire itself, or made loops of it to snare the fishes with, I don’t see what good their extravagant salary could be to them. I must say it was paid with a regularity worthy of a large and honourable trading company. For the rest, the only thing to eat—though it didn’t look eatable in the least—I saw in their possession was a few lumps of some stuff like half-cooked dough, of a dirty lavender colour, they kept wrapped in leaves, and now and then swallowed a piece of, but so small that it seemed done more for the looks of the thing than for any serious purpose of sustenance. Why in the name of all the gnawing devils of hunger they didn’t go for us—they were thirty to five—and have a good tuck-in for once, amazes me now when I think of it. They were big powerful men, with not much capacity to weigh the consequences, with courage, with strength, even yet, though their skins were no longer glossy and their muscles no longer hard. And I saw that something restraining, one of those human secrets that baffle probability, had come into play there. I looked at them with a swift quickening of interest—not because it occurred to me I might be eaten by them before very long, though I own to you that just then I perceived—in a new light, as it were—how unwholesome the pilgrims looked, and I hoped, yes, I positively hoped, that my aspect was not so—what shall I say?—so—unappetizing: a touch of fantastic vanity which fitted well with the dream-sensation that pervaded all my days at that time. Perhaps I had a little fever, too. One can’t live with one’s finger everlastingly on one’s pulse. I had often ‘a little fever,’ or a little touch of other things—the playful paw-strokes of the wilderness, the preliminary trifling before the more serious onslaught which came in due course. Yes; I looked at them as you would on any human being, with a curiosity of their impulses, motives, capacities, weaknesses, when brought to the test of an inexorable physical necessity. Restraint! What possible restraint? Was it superstition, disgust, patience, fear—or some kind of primitive honour? No fear can stand up to hunger, no patience can wear it out, disgust simply does not exist where hunger is; and as to superstition, beliefs, and what you may call principles, they are less than chaff in a breeze. Don’t you know the devilry of lingering starvation, its exasperating torment, its black thoughts, its sombre and brooding ferocity? Well, I do. It takes a man all his inborn strength to fight hunger properly. It’s really easier to face bereavement, dishonour, and the perdition of one’s soul—than this kind of prolonged hunger. Sad, but true. And these chaps, too, had no earthly reason for any kind of scruple. Restraint! I would just as soon have expected restraint from a hyena prowling amongst the corpses of a battlefield. But there was the fact facing me—the fact dazzling, to be seen, like the foam on the depths of the sea, like a ripple on an unfathomable enigma, a mystery greater—when I thought of it—than the curious, inexplicable note of desperate grief in this savage clamour that had swept by us on the river-bank, behind the blind whiteness of the fog.

    “Two pilgrims were quarrelling in hurried whispers as to which bank. ‘Left.’ ‘no, no; how can you? Right, right, of course.’ ‘It is very serious,’ said the manager’s voice behind me; ‘I would be desolated if anything should happen to Mr. Kurtz before we came up.’ I looked at him, and had not the slightest doubt he was sincere. He was just the kind of man who would wish to preserve appearances. That was his restraint. But when he muttered something about going on at once, I did not even take the trouble to answer him. I knew, and he knew, that it was impossible. Were we to let go our hold of the bottom, we would be absolutely in the air—in space. We wouldn’t be able to tell where we were going to—whether up or down stream, or across—till we fetched against one bank or the other—and then we wouldn’t know at first which it was. Of course I made no move. I had no mind for a smash-up. You couldn’t imagine a more deadly place for a shipwreck. Whether we drowned at once or not, we were sure to perish speedily in one way or another. ‘I authorize you to take all the risks,’ he said, after a short silence. ‘I refuse to take any,’ I said shortly; which was just the answer he expected, though its tone might have surprised him. ‘Well, I must defer to your judgment. You are captain,’ he said with marked civility. I turned my shoulder to him in sign of my appreciation, and looked into the fog. How long would it last? It was the most hopeless lookout. The approach to this Kurtz grubbing for ivory in the wretched bush was beset by as many dangers as though he had been an enchanted princess sleeping in a fabulous castle. ‘Will they attack, do you think?’ asked the manager, in a confidential tone.

    “I did not think they would attack, for several obvious reasons. The thick fog was one. If they left the bank in their canoes they would get lost in it, as we would be if we attempted to move. Still, I had also judged the jungle of both banks quite impenetrable—and yet eyes were in it, eyes that had seen us. The riverside bushes were certainly very thick; but the undergrowth behind was evidently penetrable. However, during the short lift I had seen no canoes anywhere in the reach—certainly not abreast of the steamer. But what made the idea of attack inconceivable to me was the nature of the noise—of the cries we had heard. They had not the fierce character boding immediate hostile intention. Unexpected, wild, and violent as they had been, they had given me an irresistible impression of sorrow. The glimpse of the steamboat had for some reason filled those savages with unrestrained grief. The danger, if any, I expounded, was from our proximity to a great human passion let loose. Even extreme grief may ultimately vent itself in violence—but more generally takes the form of apathy….

    “You should have seen the pilgrims stare! They had no heart to grin, or even to revile me: but I believe they thought me gone mad—with fright, maybe. I delivered a regular lecture. My dear boys, it was no good bothering. Keep a lookout? Well, you may guess I watched the fog for the signs of lifting as a cat watches a mouse; but for anything else our eyes were of no more use to us than if we had been buried miles deep in a heap of cotton-wool. It felt like it, too—choking, warm, stifling. Besides, all I said, though it sounded extravagant, was absolutely true to fact. What we afterwards alluded to as an attack was really an attempt at repulse. The action was very far from being aggressive—it was not even defensive, in the usual sense: it was undertaken under the stress of desperation, and in its essence was purely protective.

    “It developed itself, I should say, two hours after the fog lifted, and its commencement was at a spot, roughly speaking, about a mile and a half below Kurtz’s station. We had just floundered and flopped round a bend, when I saw an islet, a mere grassy hummock of bright green, in the middle of the stream. It was the only thing of the kind; but as we opened the reach more, I perceived it was the head of a long sand-bank, or rather of a chain of shallow patches stretching down the middle of the river. They were discoloured, just awash, and the whole lot was seen just under the water, exactly as a man’s backbone is seen running down the middle of his back under the skin. Now, as far as I did see, I could go to the right or to the left of this. I didn’t know either channel, of course. The banks looked pretty well alike, the depth appeared the same; but as I had been informed the station was on the west side, I naturally headed for the western passage.

    “No sooner had we fairly entered it than I became aware it was much narrower than I had supposed. To the left of us there was the long uninterrupted shoal, and to the right a high, steep bank heavily overgrown with bushes. Above the bush the trees stood in serried ranks. The twigs overhung the current thickly, and from distance to distance a large limb of some tree projected rigidly over the stream. It was then well on in the afternoon, the face of the forest was gloomy, and a broad strip of shadow had already fallen on the water. In this shadow we steamed up—very slowly, as you may imagine. I sheered her well inshore—the water being deepest near the bank, as the sounding-pole informed me.

    “One of my hungry and forbearing friends was sounding in the bows just below me. This steamboat was exactly like a decked scow. On the deck, there were two little teakwood houses, with doors and windows. The boiler was in the fore-end, and the machinery right astern. Over the whole there was a light roof, supported on stanchions. The funnel projected through that roof, and in front of the funnel a small cabin built of light planks served for a pilot-house. It contained a couch, two camp-stools, a loaded Martini-Henry leaning in one corner, a tiny table, and the steering-wheel. It had a wide door in front and a broad shutter at each side. All these were always thrown open, of course. I spent my days perched up there on the extreme fore-end of that roof, before the door. At night I slept, or tried to, on the couch. An athletic black belonging to some coast tribe and educated by my poor predecessor, was the helmsman. He sported a pair of brass earrings, wore a blue cloth wrapper from the waist to the ankles, and thought all the world of himself. He was the most unstable kind of fool I had ever seen. He steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk, and would let that cripple of a steamboat get the upper hand of him in a minute.

    “I was looking down at the sounding-pole, and feeling much annoyed to see at each try a little more of it stick out of that river, when I saw my poleman give up on the business suddenly, and stretch himself flat on the deck, without even taking the trouble to haul his pole in. He kept hold on it though, and it trailed in the water. At the same time the fireman, whom I could also see below me, sat down abruptly before his furnace and ducked his head. I was amazed. Then I had to look at the river mighty quick, because there was a snag in the fairway. Sticks, little sticks, were flying about—thick: they were whizzing before my nose, dropping below me, striking behind me against my pilot-house. All this time the river, the shore, the woods, were very quiet—perfectly quiet. I could only hear the heavy splashing thump of the stern-wheel and the patter of these things. We cleared the snag clumsily. Arrows, by Jove! We were being shot at! I stepped in quickly to close the shutter on the landside. That fool-helmsman, his hands on the spokes, was lifting his knees high, stamping his feet, champing his mouth, like a reined-in horse. Confound him! And we were staggering within ten feet of the bank. I had to lean right out to swing the heavy shutter, and I saw a face amongst the leaves on the level with my own, looking at me very fierce and steady; and then suddenly, as though a veil had been removed from my eyes, I made out, deep in the tangled gloom, naked breasts, arms, legs, glaring eyes—the bush was swarming with human limbs in movement, glistening of bronze colour. The twigs shook, swayed, and rustled, the arrows flew out of them, and then the shutter came to. ‘Steer her straight,’ I said to the helmsman. He held his head rigid, face forward; but his eyes rolled, he kept on lifting and setting down his feet gently, his mouth foamed a little. ‘Keep quiet!’ I said in a fury. I might just as well have ordered a tree not to sway in the wind. I darted out. Below me there was a great scuffle of feet on the iron deck; confused exclamations; a voice screamed, ‘Can you turn back?’ I caught sight of a V-shaped ripple on the water ahead. What? Another snag! A fusillade burst out under my feet. The pilgrims had opened with their Winchesters, and were simply squirting lead into that bush. A deuce of a lot of smoke came up and drove slowly forward. I swore at it. Now I couldn’t see the ripple or the snag either. I stood in the doorway, peering, and the arrows came in swarms. They might have been poisoned, but they looked as though they wouldn’t kill a cat. The bush began to howl. Our wood-cutters raised a warlike whoop; the report of a rifle just at my back deafened me. I glanced over my shoulder, and the pilot-house was yet full of noise and smoke when I made a dash at the wheel. The fool-nigger had dropped everything, to throw the shutter open and let off that Martini-Henry. He stood before the wide opening, glaring, and I yelled at him to come back, while I straightened the sudden twist out of that steamboat. There was no room to turn even if I had wanted to, the snag was somewhere very near ahead in that confounded smoke, there was no time to lose, so I just crowded her into the bank—right into the bank, where I knew the water was deep.

    “We tore slowly along the overhanging bushes in a whirl of broken twigs and flying leaves. The fusillade below stopped short, as I had foreseen it would when the squirts got empty. I threw my head back to a glinting whizz that traversed the pilot-house, in at one shutter-hole and out at the other. Looking past that mad helmsman, who was shaking the empty rifle and yelling at the shore, I saw vague forms of men running bent double, leaping, gliding, distinct, incomplete, evanescent. Something big appeared in the air before the shutter, the rifle went overboard, and the man stepped back swiftly, looked at me over his shoulder in an extraordinary, profound, familiar manner, and fell upon my feet. The side of his head hit the wheel twice, and the end of what appeared a long cane clattered round and knocked over a little camp-stool. It looked as though after wrenching that thing from somebody ashore he had lost his balance in the effort. The thin smoke had blown away, we were clear of the snag, and looking ahead I could see that in another hundred yards or so I would be free to sheer off, away from the bank; but my feet felt so very warm and wet that I had to look down. The man had rolled on his back and stared straight up at me; both his hands clutched that cane. It was the shaft of a spear that, either thrown or lunged through the opening, had caught him in the side, just below the ribs; the blade had gone in out of sight, after making a frightful gash; my shoes were full; a pool of blood lay very still, gleaming dark-red under the wheel; his eyes shone with an amazing lustre. The fusillade burst out again. He looked at me anxiously, gripping the spear like something precious, with an air of being afraid I would try to take it away from him. I had to make an effort to free my eyes from his gaze and attend to the steering. With one hand I felt above my head for the line of the steam whistle, and jerked out screech after screech hurriedly. The tumult of angry and warlike yells was checked instantly, and then from the depths of the woods went out such a tremulous and prolonged wail of mournful fear and utter despair as may be imagined to follow the flight of the last hope from the earth. There was a great commotion in the bush; the shower of arrows stopped, a few dropping shots rang out sharply—then silence, in which the languid beat of the stern-wheel came plainly to my ears. I put the helm hard a-starboard at the moment when the pilgrim in pink pyjamas, very hot and agitated, appeared in the doorway. ‘The manager sends me—’ he began in an official tone, and stopped short. ‘Good God!’ he said, glaring at the wounded man.

    “We two whites stood over him, and his lustrous and inquiring glance enveloped us both. I declare it looked as though he would presently put to us some questions in an understandable language; but he died without uttering a sound, without moving a limb, without twitching a muscle. Only in the very last moment, as though in response to some sign we could not see, to some whisper we could not hear, he frowned heavily, and that frown gave to his black death-mask an inconceivably sombre, brooding, and menacing expression. The lustre of inquiring glance faded swiftly into vacant glassiness. ‘Can you steer?’ I asked the agent eagerly. He looked very dubious; but I made a grab at his arm, and he understood at once I meant him to steer whether or no. To tell you the truth, I was morbidly anxious to change my shoes and socks. ‘He is dead,’ murmured the fellow, immensely impressed. ‘No doubt about it,’ said I, tugging like mad at the shoe-laces. ‘And by the way, I suppose Mr. Kurtz is dead as well by this time.’

    “For the moment that was the dominant thought. There was a sense of extreme disappointment, as though I had found out I had been striving after something altogether without a substance. I couldn’t have been more disgusted if I had travelled all this way for the sole purpose of talking with Mr. Kurtz. Talking with… I flung one shoe overboard, and became aware that that was exactly what I had been looking forward to—a talk with Kurtz. I made the strange discovery that I had never imagined him as doing, you know, but as discoursing. I didn’t say to myself, ‘Now I will never see him,’ or ‘Now I will never shake him by the hand,’ but, ‘Now I will never hear him.’ The man presented himself as a voice. Not of course that I did not connect him with some sort of action. Hadn’t I been told in all the tones of jealousy and admiration that he had collected, bartered, swindled, or stolen more ivory than all the other agents together? That was not the point. The point was in his being a gifted creature, and that of all his gifts the one that stood out preeminently, that carried with it a sense of real presence, was his ability to talk, his words—the gift of expression, the bewildering, the illuminating, the most exalted and the most contemptible, the pulsating stream of light, or the deceitful flow from the heart of an impenetrable darkness.

    “The other shoe went flying unto the devil-god of that river. I thought, ‘By Jove! it’s all over. We are too late; he has vanished—the gift has vanished, by means of some spear, arrow, or club. I will never hear that chap speak after all’—and my sorrow had a startling extravagance of emotion, even such as I had noticed in the howling sorrow of these savages in the bush. I couldn’t have felt more of lonely desolation somehow, had I been robbed of a belief or had missed my destiny in life…. Why do you sigh in this beastly way, somebody? Absurd? Well, absurd. Good Lord! mustn’t a man ever—Here, give me some tobacco.”…

    There was a pause of profound stillness, then a match flared, and Marlow’s lean face appeared, worn, hollow, with downward folds and dropped eyelids, with an aspect of concentrated attention; and as he took vigorous draws at his pipe, it seemed to retreat and advance out of the night in the regular flicker of tiny flame. The match went out.

    “Absurd!” he cried. “This is the worst of trying to tell…. Here you all are, each moored with two good addresses, like a hulk with two anchors, a butcher round one corner, a policeman round another, excellent appetites, and temperature normal—you hear—normal from year’s end to year’s end. And you say, Absurd! Absurd be—exploded! Absurd! My dear boys, what can you expect from a man who out of sheer nervousness had just flung overboard a pair of new shoes! Now I think of it, it is amazing I did not shed tears. I am, upon the whole, proud of my fortitude. I was cut to the quick at the idea of having lost the inestimable privilege of listening to the gifted Kurtz. Of course I was wrong. The privilege was waiting for me. Oh, yes, I heard more than enough. And I was right, too. A voice. He was very little more than a voice. And I heard—him—it—this voice—other voices—all of them were so little more than voices—and the memory of that time itself lingers around me, impalpable, like a dying vibration of one immense jabber, silly, atrocious, sordid, savage, or simply mean, without any kind of sense. Voices, voices—even the girl herself—now—”

    He was silent for a long time.

    “I laid the ghost of his gifts at last with a lie,” he began, suddenly. “Girl! What? Did I mention a girl? Oh, she is out of it—completely. They—the women, I mean—are out of it—should be out of it. We must help them to stay in that beautiful world of their own, lest ours gets worse. Oh, she had to be out of it. You should have heard the disinterred body of Mr. Kurtz saying, ‘My Intended.’ You would have perceived directly then how completely she was out of it. And the lofty frontal bone of Mr. Kurtz! They say the hair goes on growing sometimes, but this—ah—specimen, was impressively bald. The wilderness had patted him on the head, and, behold, it was like a ball—an ivory ball; it had caressed him, and—lo!—he had withered; it had taken him, loved him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul to its own by the inconceivable ceremonies of some devilish initiation. He was its spoiled and pampered favourite. Ivory? I should think so. Heaps of it, stacks of it. The old mud shanty was bursting with it. You would think there was not a single tusk left either above or below the ground in the whole country. ‘Mostly fossil,’ the manager had remarked, disparagingly. It was no more fossil than I am; but they call it fossil when it is dug up. It appears these niggers do bury the tusks sometimes—but evidently they couldn’t bury this parcel deep enough to save the gifted Mr. Kurtz from his fate. We filled the steamboat with it, and had to pile a lot on the deck. Thus he could see and enjoy as long as he could see, because the appreciation of this favour had remained with him to the last. You should have heard him say, ‘My ivory.’ Oh, yes, I heard him. ‘My Intended, my ivory, my station, my river, my—’ everything belonged to him. It made me hold my breath in expectation of hearing the wilderness burst into a prodigious peal of laughter that would shake the fixed stars in their places. Everything belonged to him—but that was a trifle. The thing was to know what he belonged to, how many powers of darkness claimed him for their own. That was the reflection that made you creepy all over. It was impossible—it was not good for one either—trying to imagine. He had taken a high seat amongst the devils of the land—I mean literally. You can’t understand. How could you?—with solid pavement under your feet, surrounded by kind neighbours ready to cheer you or to fall on you, stepping delicately between the butcher and the policeman, in the holy terror of scandal and gallows and lunatic asylums—how can you imagine what particular region of the first ages a man’s untrammelled feet may take him into by the way of solitude—utter solitude without a policeman—by the way of silence—utter silence, where no warning voice of a kind neighbour can be heard whispering of public opinion? These little things make all the great difference. When they are gone you must fall back upon your own innate strength, upon your own capacity for faithfulness. Of course you may be too much of a fool to go wrong—too dull even to know you are being assaulted by the powers of darkness. I take it, no fool ever made a bargain for his soul with the devil; the fool is too much of a fool, or the devil too much of a devil—I don’t know which. Or you may be such a thunderingly exalted creature as to be altogether deaf and blind to anything but heavenly sights and sounds. Then the earth for you is only a standing place—and whether to be like this is your loss or your gain I won’t pretend to say. But most of us are neither one nor the other. The earth for us is a place to live in, where we must put up with sights, with sounds, with smells, too, by Jove!—breathe dead hippo, so to speak, and not be contaminated. And there, don’t you see? Your strength comes in, the faith in your ability for the digging of unostentatious holes to bury the stuff in—your power of devotion, not to yourself, but to an obscure, back-breaking business. And that’s difficult enough. Mind, I am not trying to excuse or even explain—I am trying to account to myself for—for—Mr. Kurtz—for the shade of Mr. Kurtz. This initiated wraith from the back of Nowhere honoured me with its amazing confidence before it vanished altogether. This was because it could speak English to me. The original Kurtz had been educated partly in England, and—as he was good enough to say himself—his sympathies were in the right place. His mother was half-English, his father was half-French. All Europe contributed to the making of Kurtz; and by and by I learned that, most appropriately, the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs had intrusted him with the making of a report, for its future guidance. And he had written it, too. I’ve seen it. I’ve read it. It was eloquent, vibrating with eloquence, but too high-strung, I think. Seventeen pages of close writing he had found time for! But this must have been before his—let us say—nerves, went wrong, and caused him to preside at certain midnight dances ending with unspeakable rites, which—as far as I reluctantly gathered from what I heard at various times—were offered up to him—do you understand?—to Mr. Kurtz himself. But it was a beautiful piece of writing. The opening paragraph, however, in the light of later information, strikes me now as ominous. He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived at, ‘must necessarily appear to them [savages] in the nature of supernatural beings—we approach them with the might of a deity,’ and so on, and so on. ‘By the simple exercise of our will we can exert a power for good practically unbounded,’ etc., etc. From that point he soared and took me with him. The peroration was magnificent, though difficult to remember, you know. It gave me the notion of an exotic Immensity ruled by an august Benevolence. It made me tingle with enthusiasm. This was the unbounded power of eloquence—of words—of burning noble words. There were no practical hints to interrupt the magic current of phrases, unless a kind of note at the foot of the last page, scrawled evidently much later, in an unsteady hand, may be regarded as the exposition of a method. It was very simple, and at the end of that moving appeal to every altruistic sentiment it blazed at you, luminous and terrifying, like a flash of lightning in a serene sky: ‘Exterminate all the brutes!’ The curious part was that he had apparently forgotten all about that valuable postscriptum, because, later on, when he in a sense came to himself, he repeatedly entreated me to take good care of ‘my pamphlet’ (he called it), as it was sure to have in the future a good influence upon his career. I had full information about all these things, and, besides, as it turned out, I was to have the care of his memory. I’ve done enough for it to give me the indisputable right to lay it, if I choose, for an everlasting rest in the dust-bin of progress, amongst all the sweepings and, figuratively speaking, all the dead cats of civilization. But then, you see, I can’t choose. He won’t be forgotten. Whatever he was, he was not common. He had the power to charm or frighten rudimentary souls into an aggravated witch-dance in his honour; he could also fill the small souls of the pilgrims with bitter misgivings: he had one devoted friend at least, and he had conquered one soul in the world that was neither rudimentary nor tainted with self-seeking. No; I can’t forget him, though I am not prepared to affirm the fellow was exactly worth the life we lost in getting to him. I missed my late helmsman awfully—I missed him even while his body was still lying in the pilot-house. Perhaps you will think it passing strange this regret for a savage who was no more account than a grain of sand in a black Sahara. Well, don’t you see, he had done something, he had steered; for months I had him at my back—a help—an instrument. It was a kind of partnership. He steered for me—I had to look after him, I worried about his deficiencies, and thus a subtle bond had been created, of which I only became aware when it was suddenly broken. And the intimate profundity of that look he gave me when he received his hurt remains to this day in my memory—like a claim of distant kinship affirmed in a supreme moment.

    “Poor fool! If he had only left that shutter alone. He had no restraint, no restraint—just like Kurtz—a tree swayed by the wind. As soon as I had put on a dry pair of slippers, I dragged him out, after first jerking the spear out of his side, which operation I confess I performed with my eyes shut tight. His heels leaped together over the little doorstep; his shoulders were pressed to my breast; I hugged him from behind desperately. Oh! he was heavy, heavy; heavier than any man on earth, I should imagine. Then without more ado I tipped him overboard. The current snatched him as though he had been a wisp of grass, and I saw the body roll over twice before I lost sight of it for ever. All the pilgrims and the manager were then congregated on the awning-deck about the pilot-house, chattering at each other like a flock of excited magpies, and there was a scandalized murmur at my heartless promptitude. What they wanted to keep that body hanging about for I can’t guess. Embalm it, maybe. But I had also heard another, and a very ominous, murmur on the deck below. My friends the wood-cutters were likewise scandalized, and with a better show of reason—though I admit that the reason itself was quite inadmissible. Oh, quite! I had made up my mind that if my late helmsman was to be eaten, the fishes alone should have him. He had been a very second-rate helmsman while alive, but now he was dead he might have become a first-class temptation, and possibly cause some startling trouble. Besides, I was anxious to take the wheel, the man in pink pyjamas showing himself a hopeless duffer at the business.

    “This I did directly the simple funeral was over. We were going half-speed, keeping right in the middle of the stream, and I listened to the talk about me. They had given up Kurtz, they had given up the station; Kurtz was dead, and the station had been burnt—and so on—and so on. The red-haired pilgrim was beside himself with the thought that at least this poor Kurtz had been properly avenged. ‘Say! We must have made a glorious slaughter of them in the bush. Eh? What do you think? Say?’ He positively danced, the bloodthirsty little gingery beggar. And he had nearly fainted when he saw the wounded man! I could not help saying, ‘You made a glorious lot of smoke, anyhow.’ I had seen, from the way the tops of the bushes rustled and flew, that almost all the shots had gone too high. You can’t hit anything unless you take aim and fire from the shoulder; but these chaps fired from the hip with their eyes shut. The retreat, I maintained—and I was right—was caused by the screeching of the steam whistle. Upon this they forgot Kurtz, and began to howl at me with indignant protests.

    “The manager stood by the wheel murmuring confidentially about the necessity of getting well away down the river before dark at all events, when I saw in the distance a clearing on the riverside and the outlines of some sort of building. ‘What’s this?’ I asked. He clapped his hands in wonder. ‘The station!’ he cried. I edged in at once, still going half-speed.

    “Through my glasses I saw the slope of a hill interspersed with rare trees and perfectly free from undergrowth. A long decaying building on the summit was half buried in the high grass; the large holes in the peaked roof gaped black from afar; the jungle and the woods made a background. There was no enclosure or fence of any kind; but there had been one apparently, for near the house half-a-dozen slim posts remained in a row, roughly trimmed, and with their upper ends ornamented with round carved balls. The rails, or whatever there had been between, had disappeared. Of course the forest surrounded all that. The river-bank was clear, and on the waterside I saw a white man under a hat like a cart-wheel beckoning persistently with his whole arm. Examining the edge of the forest above and below, I was almost certain I could see movements—human forms gliding here and there. I steamed past prudently, then stopped the engines and let her drift down. The man on the shore began to shout, urging us to land. ‘We have been attacked,’ screamed the manager. ‘I know—I know. It’s all right,’ yelled back the other, as cheerful as you please. ‘Come along. It’s all right. I am glad.’

    “His aspect reminded me of something I had seen—something funny I had seen somewhere. As I manoeuvred to get alongside, I was asking myself, ‘What does this fellow look like?’ Suddenly I got it. He looked like a harlequin. His clothes had been made of some stuff that was brown holland probably, but it was covered with patches all over, with bright patches, blue, red, and yellow—patches on the back, patches on the front, patches on elbows, on knees; coloured binding around his jacket, scarlet edging at the bottom of his trousers; and the sunshine made him look extremely gay and wonderfully neat withal, because you could see how beautifully all this patching had been done. A beardless, boyish face, very fair, no features to speak of, nose peeling, little blue eyes, smiles and frowns chasing each other over that open countenance like sunshine and shadow on a wind-swept plain. ‘Look out, captain!’ he cried; ‘there’s a snag lodged in here last night.’ What! Another snag? I confess I swore shamefully. I had nearly holed my cripple, to finish off that charming trip. The harlequin on the bank turned his little pug-nose up to me. ‘You English?’ he asked, all smiles. ‘Are you?’ I shouted from the wheel. The smiles vanished, and he shook his head as if sorry for my disappointment. Then he brightened up. ‘Never mind!’ he cried encouragingly. ‘Are we in time?’ I asked. ‘He is up there,’ he replied, with a toss of the head up the hill, and becoming gloomy all of a sudden. His face was like the autumn sky, overcast one moment and bright the next.

    “When the manager, escorted by the pilgrims, all of them armed to the teeth, had gone to the house this chap came on board. ‘I say, I don’t like this. These natives are in the bush,’ I said. He assured me earnestly it was all right. ‘They are simple people,’ he added; ‘well, I am glad you came. It took me all my time to keep them off.’ ‘But you said it was all right,’ I cried. ‘Oh, they meant no harm,’ he said; and as I stared he corrected himself, ‘Not exactly.’ Then vivaciously, ‘My faith, your pilot-house wants a clean-up!’ In the next breath he advised me to keep enough steam on the boiler to blow the whistle in case of any trouble. ‘One good screech will do more for you than all your rifles. They are simple people,’ he repeated. He rattled away at such a rate he quite overwhelmed me. He seemed to be trying to make up for lots of silence, and actually hinted, laughing, that such was the case. ‘Don’t you talk with Mr. Kurtz?’ I said. ‘You don’t talk with that man—you listen to him,’ he exclaimed with severe exaltation. ‘But now—’ He waved his arm, and in the twinkling of an eye was in the uttermost depths of despondency. In a moment he came up again with a jump, possessed himself of both my hands, shook them continuously, while he gabbled: ‘Brother sailor… honour… pleasure… delight… introduce myself… Russian… son of an arch-priest… Government of Tambov… What? Tobacco! English tobacco; the excellent English tobacco! Now, that’s brotherly. Smoke? Where’s a sailor that does not smoke?”

    “The pipe soothed him, and gradually I made out he had run away from school, had gone to sea in a Russian ship; ran away again; served some time in English ships; was now reconciled with the arch-priest. He made a point of that. ‘But when one is young one must see things, gather experience, ideas; enlarge the mind.’ ‘Here!’ I interrupted. ‘You can never tell! Here I met Mr. Kurtz,’ he said, youthfully solemn and reproachful. I held my tongue after that. It appears he had persuaded a Dutch trading-house on the coast to fit him out with stores and goods, and had started for the interior with a light heart and no more idea of what would happen to him than a baby. He had been wandering about that river for nearly two years alone, cut off from everybody and everything. ‘I am not so young as I look. I am twenty-five,’ he said. ‘At first old Van Shuyten would tell me to go to the devil,’ he narrated with keen enjoyment; ‘but I stuck to him, and talked and talked, till at last he got afraid I would talk the hind-leg off his favourite dog, so he gave me some cheap things and a few guns, and told me he hoped he would never see my face again. Good old Dutchman, Van Shuyten. I’ve sent him one small lot of ivory a year ago, so that he can’t call me a little thief when I get back. I hope he got it. And for the rest I don’t care. I had some wood stacked for you. That was my old house. Did you see?’

    “I gave him Towson’s book. He made as though he would kiss me, but restrained himself. ‘The only book I had left, and I thought I had lost it,’ he said, looking at it ecstatically. ‘So many accidents happen to a man going about alone, you know. Canoes get upset sometimes—and sometimes you’ve got to clear out so quick when the people get angry.’ He thumbed the pages. ‘You made notes in Russian?’ I asked. He nodded. ‘I thought they were written in cipher,’ I said. He laughed, then became serious. ‘I had lots of trouble to keep these people off,’ he said. ‘Did they want to kill you?’ I asked. ‘Oh, no!’ he cried, and checked himself. ‘Why did they attack us?’ I pursued. He hesitated, then said shamefacedly, ‘They don’t want him to go.’ ‘Don’t they?’ I said curiously. He nodded a nod full of mystery and wisdom. ‘I tell you,’ he cried, ‘this man has enlarged my mind.’ He opened his arms wide, staring at me with his little blue eyes that were perfectly round.”

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  • HEART OF DARKNESS By Joseph Conrad – Part One

    The Nellie, a cruising yawl, swung to her anchor without a flutter of the sails, and was at rest. The flood had made, the wind was nearly calm, and being bound down the river, the only thing for it was to come to and wait for the turn of the tide.

    The sea-reach of the Thames stretched before us like the beginning of an interminable waterway. In the offing the sea and the sky were welded together without a joint, and in the luminous space the tanned sails of the barges drifting up with the tide seemed to stand still in red clusters of canvas sharply peaked, with gleams of varnished sprits. A haze rested on the low shores that ran out to sea in vanishing flatness. The air was dark above Gravesend, and farther back still seemed condensed into a mournful gloom, brooding motionless over the biggest, and the greatest, town on earth.

    The Director of Companies was our captain and our host. We four affectionately watched his back as he stood in the bows looking to seaward. On the whole river there was nothing that looked half so nautical. He resembled a pilot, which to a seaman is trustworthiness personified. It was difficult to realize his work was not out there in the luminous estuary, but behind him, within the brooding gloom.

    Between us there was, as I have already said somewhere, the bond of the sea. Besides holding our hearts together through long periods of separation, it had the effect of making us tolerant of each other’s yarns—and even convictions. The Lawyer—the best of old fellows—had, because of his many years and many virtues, the only cushion on deck, and was lying on the only rug. The Accountant had brought out already a box of dominoes, and was toying architecturally with the bones. Marlow sat cross-legged right aft, leaning against the mizzen-mast. He had sunken cheeks, a yellow complexion, a straight back, an ascetic aspect, and, with his arms dropped, the palms of hands outwards, resembled an idol. The director, satisfied the anchor had good hold, made his way aft and sat down amongst us. We exchanged a few words lazily. Afterwards there was silence on board the yacht. For some reason or other we did not begin that game of dominoes. We felt meditative, and fit for nothing but placid staring. The day was ending in a serenity of still and exquisite brilliance. The water shone pacifically; the sky, without a speck, was a benign immensity of unstained light; the very mist on the Essex marsh was like a gauzy and radiant fabric, hung from the wooded rises inland, and draping the low shores in diaphanous folds. Only the gloom to the west, brooding over the upper reaches, became more sombre every minute, as if angered by the approach of the sun.

    And at last, in its curved and imperceptible fall, the sun sank low, and from glowing white changed to a dull red without rays and without heat, as if about to go out suddenly, stricken to death by the touch of that gloom brooding over a crowd of men.

    Forthwith a change came over the waters, and the serenity became less brilliant but more profound. The old river in its broad reach rested unruffled at the decline of day, after ages of good service done to the race that peopled its banks, spread out in the tranquil dignity of a waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth. We looked at the venerable stream not in the vivid flush of a short day that comes and departs for ever, but in the august light of abiding memories. And indeed nothing is easier for a man who has, as the phrase goes, “followed the sea” with reverence and affection, than to evoke the great spirit of the past upon the lower reaches of the Thames. The tidal current runs to and fro in its unceasing service, crowded with memories of men and ships it had borne to the rest of home or to the battles of the sea. It had known and served all the men of whom the nation is proud, from Sir Francis Drake to Sir John Franklin, knights all, titled and untitled—the great knights-errant of the sea. It had borne all the ships whose names are like jewels flashing in the night of time, from the Golden Hind returning with her rotund flanks full of treasure, to be visited by the Queen’s Highness and thus pass out of the gigantic tale, to the Erebus and Terror, bound on other conquests—and that never returned. It had known the ships and the men. They had sailed from Deptford, from Greenwich, from Erith—the adventurers and the settlers; kings’ ships and the ships of men on ‘Change; captains, admirals, the dark “interlopers” of the Eastern trade, and the commissioned “generals” of East India fleets. Hunters for gold or pursuers of fame, they all had gone out on that stream, bearing the sword, and often the torch, messengers of the might within the land, bearers of a spark from the sacred fire. What greatness had not floated on the ebb of that river into the mystery of an unknown earth!… The dreams of men, the seed of commonwealths, the germs of empires.

    The sun set; the dusk fell on the stream, and lights began to appear along the shore. The Chapman light-house, a three-legged thing erect on a mud-flat, shone strongly. Lights of ships moved in the fairway—a great stir of lights going up and going down. And farther west on the upper reaches the place of the monstrous town was still marked ominously on the sky, a brooding gloom in sunshine, a lurid glare under the stars.

    “And this also,” said Marlow suddenly, “has been one of the dark places of the earth.”

    He was the only man of us who still “followed the sea.” The worst that could be said of him was that he did not represent his class. He was a seaman, but he was a wanderer, too, while most seamen lead, if one may so express it, a sedentary life. Their minds are of the stay-at-home order, and their home is always with them—the ship; and so is their country—the sea. One ship is very much like another, and the sea is always the same. In the immutability of their surroundings the foreign shores, the foreign faces, the changing immensity of life, glide past, veiled not by a sense of mystery but by a slightly disdainful ignorance; for there is nothing mysterious to a seaman unless it be the sea itself, which is the mistress of his existence and as inscrutable as Destiny. For the rest, after his hours of work, a casual stroll or a casual spree on shore suffices to unfold for him the secret of a whole continent, and generally he finds the secret not worth knowing. The yarns of seamen have a direct simplicity, the whole meaning of which lies within the shell of a cracked nut. But Marlow was not typical (if his propensity to spin yarns be excepted), and to him the meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze, in the likeness of one of these misty halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral illumination of moonshine.

    His remark did not seem at all surprising. It was just like Marlow. It was accepted in silence. No one took the trouble to grunt even; and presently he said, very slow—“I was thinking of very old times, when the Romans first came here, nineteen hundred years ago—the other day …. Light came out of this river since—you say Knights? Yes; but it is like a running blaze on a plain, like a flash of lightning in the clouds. We live in the flicker—may it last as long as the old earth keeps rolling! But darkness was here yesterday. Imagine the feelings of a commander of a fine—what d’ye call ‘em?—trireme in the Mediterranean, ordered suddenly to the north; run overland across the Gauls in a hurry; put in charge of one of these craft the legionaries—a wonderful lot of handy men they must have been, too—used to build, apparently by the hundred, in a month or two, if we may believe what we read. Imagine him here—the very end of the world, a sea the colour of lead, a sky the colour of smoke, a kind of ship about as rigid as a concertina—and going up this river with stores, or orders, or what you like. Sand-banks, marshes, forests, savages,—precious little to eat fit for a civilized man, nothing but Thames water to drink. No Falernian wine here, no going ashore. Here and there a military camp lost in a wilderness, like a needle in a bundle of hay—cold, fog, tempests, disease, exile, and death—death skulking in the air, in the water, in the bush. They must have been dying like flies here. Oh, yes—he did it. Did it very well, too, no doubt, and without thinking much about it either, except afterwards to brag of what he had gone through in his time, perhaps. They were men enough to face the darkness. And perhaps he was cheered by keeping his eye on a chance of promotion to the fleet at Ravenna by and by, if he had good friends in Rome and survived the awful climate. Or think of a decent young citizen in a toga—perhaps too much dice, you know—coming out here in the train of some prefect, or tax-gatherer, or trader even, to mend his fortunes. Land in a swamp, march through the woods, and in some inland post feel the savagery, the utter savagery, had closed round him—all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in the forest, in the jungles, in the hearts of wild men. There’s no initiation either into such mysteries. He has to live in the midst of the incomprehensible, which is also detestable. And it has a fascination, too, that goes to work upon him. The fascination of the abomination—you know, imagine the growing regrets, the longing to escape, the powerless disgust, the surrender, the hate.”

    He paused.

    “Mind,” he began again, lifting one arm from the elbow, the palm of the hand outwards, so that, with his legs folded before him, he had the pose of a Buddha preaching in European clothes and without a lotus-flower—“Mind, none of us would feel exactly like this. What saves us is efficiency—the devotion to efficiency. But these chaps were not much account, really. They were no colonists; their administration was merely a squeeze, and nothing more, I suspect. They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force—nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others. They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind—as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretence but an idea; and an unselfish belief in the idea—something you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to….”

    He broke off. Flames glided in the river, small green flames, red flames, white flames, pursuing, overtaking, joining, crossing each other—then separating slowly or hastily. The traffic of the great city went on in the deepening night upon the sleepless river. We looked on, waiting patiently—there was nothing else to do till the end of the flood; but it was only after a long silence, when he said, in a hesitating voice, “I suppose you fellows remember I did once turn fresh-water sailor for a bit,” that we knew we were fated, before the ebb began to run, to hear about one of Marlow’s inconclusive experiences.

    “I don’t want to bother you much with what happened to me personally,” he began, showing in this remark the weakness of many tellers of tales who seem so often unaware of what their audience would like best to hear; “yet to understand the effect of it on me you ought to know how I got out there, what I saw, how I went up that river to the place where I first met the poor chap. It was the farthest point of navigation and the culminating point of my experience. It seemed somehow to throw a kind of light on everything about me—and into my thoughts. It was sombre enough, too—and pitiful—not extraordinary in any way—not very clear either. No, not very clear. And yet it seemed to throw a kind of light.

    “I had then, as you remember, just returned to London after a lot of Indian Ocean, Pacific, China Seas—a regular dose of the East—six years or so, and I was loafing about, hindering you fellows in your work and invading your homes, just as though I had got a heavenly mission to civilize you. It was very fine for a time, but after a bit I did get tired of resting. Then I began to look for a ship—I should think the hardest work on earth. But the ships wouldn’t even look at me. And I got tired of that game, too.

    “Now when I was a little chap I had a passion for maps. I would look for hours at South America, or Africa, or Australia, and lose myself in all the glories of exploration. At that time there were many blank spaces on the earth, and when I saw one that looked particularly inviting on a map (but they all look that) I would put my finger on it and say, ‘When I grow up I will go there.’ The North Pole was one of these places, I remember. Well, I haven’t been there yet, and shall not try now. The glamour’s off. Other places were scattered about the hemispheres. I have been in some of them, and… well, we won’t talk about that. But there was one yet—the biggest, the most blank, so to speak—that I had a hankering after.

    “True, by this time it was not a blank space any more. It had got filled since my boyhood with rivers and lakes and names. It had ceased to be a blank space of delightful mystery—a white patch for a boy to dream gloriously over. It had become a place of darkness. But there was in it one river especially, a mighty big river, that you could see on the map, resembling an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land. And as I looked at the map of it in a shop-window, it fascinated me as a snake would a bird—a silly little bird. Then I remembered there was a big concern, a Company for trade on that river. Dash it all! I thought to myself, they can’t trade without using some kind of craft on that lot of fresh water—steamboats! Why shouldn’t I try to get charge of one? I went on along Fleet Street, but could not shake off the idea. The snake had charmed me.

    “You understand it was a Continental concern, that Trading society; but I have a lot of relations living on the Continent, because it’s cheap and not so nasty as it looks, they say.

    “I am sorry to own I began to worry them. This was already a fresh departure for me. I was not used to get things that way, you know. I always went my own road and on my own legs where I had a mind to go. I wouldn’t have believed it of myself; but, then—you see—I felt somehow I must get there by hook or by crook. So I worried them. The men said ‘My dear fellow,’ and did nothing. Then—would you believe it?—I tried the women. I, Charlie Marlow, set the women to work—to get a job. Heavens! Well, you see, the notion drove me. I had an aunt, a dear enthusiastic soul. She wrote: ‘It will be delightful. I am ready to do anything, anything for you. It is a glorious idea. I know the wife of a very high personage in the Administration, and also a man who has lots of influence with,’ etc. She was determined to make no end of fuss to get me appointed skipper of a river steamboat, if such was my fancy.

    “I got my appointment—of course; and I got it very quick. It appears the Company had received news that one of their captains had been killed in a scuffle with the natives. This was my chance, and it made me the more anxious to go. It was only months and months afterwards, when I made the attempt to recover what was left of the body, that I heard the original quarrel arose from a misunderstanding about some hens. Yes, two black hens. Fresleven—that was the fellow’s name, a Dane—thought himself wronged somehow in the bargain, so he went ashore and started to hammer the chief of the village with a stick. Oh, it didn’t surprise me in the least to hear this, and at the same time to be told that Fresleven was the gentlest, quietest creature that ever walked on two legs. No doubt he was; but he had been a couple of years already out there engaged in the noble cause, you know, and he probably felt the need at last of asserting his self-respect in some way. Therefore he whacked the old nigger mercilessly, while a big crowd of his people watched him, thunderstruck, till some man—I was told the chief’s son—in desperation at hearing the old chap yell, made a tentative jab with a spear at the white man—and of course it went quite easy between the shoulder-blades. Then the whole population cleared into the forest, expecting all kinds of calamities to happen, while, on the other hand, the steamer Fresleven commanded left also in a bad panic, in charge of the engineer, I believe. Afterwards nobody seemed to trouble much about Fresleven’s remains, till I got out and stepped into his shoes. I couldn’t let it rest, though; but when an opportunity offered at last to meet my predecessor, the grass growing through his ribs was tall enough to hide his bones. They were all there. The supernatural being had not been touched after he fell. And the village was deserted, the huts gaped black, rotting, all askew within the fallen enclosures. A calamity had come to it, sure enough. The people had vanished. Mad terror had scattered them, men, women, and children, through the bush, and they had never returned. What became of the hens I don’t know either. I should think the cause of progress got them, anyhow. However, through this glorious affair I got my appointment, before I had fairly begun to hope for it.

    “I flew around like mad to get ready, and before forty-eight hours I was crossing the Channel to show myself to my employers, and sign the contract. In a very few hours I arrived in a city that always makes me think of a whited sepulchre. Prejudice no doubt. I had no difficulty in finding the Company’s offices. It was the biggest thing in the town, and everybody I met was full of it. They were going to run an over-sea empire, and make no end of coin by trade.

    “A narrow and deserted street in deep shadow, high houses, innumerable windows with venetian blinds, a dead silence, grass sprouting right and left, immense double doors standing ponderously ajar. I slipped through one of these cracks, went up a swept and ungarnished staircase, as arid as a desert, and opened the first door I came to. Two women, one fat and the other slim, sat on straw-bottomed chairs, knitting black wool. The slim one got up and walked straight at me—still knitting with downcast eyes—and only just as I began to think of getting out of her way, as you would for a somnambulist, stood still, and looked up. Her dress was as plain as an umbrella-cover, and she turned round without a word and preceded me into a waiting-room. I gave my name, and looked about. Deal table in the middle, plain chairs all round the walls, on one end a large shining map, marked with all the colours of a rainbow. There was a vast amount of red—good to see at any time, because one knows that some real work is done in there, a deuce of a lot of blue, a little green, smears of orange, and, on the East Coast, a purple patch, to show where the jolly pioneers of progress drink the jolly lager-beer. However, I wasn’t going into any of these. I was going into the yellow. Dead in the centre. And the river was there—fascinating—deadly—like a snake. Ough! A door opened, a white-haired secretarial head, but wearing a compassionate expression, appeared, and a skinny forefinger beckoned me into the sanctuary. Its light was dim, and a heavy writing-desk squatted in the middle. From behind that structure came out an impression of pale plumpness in a frock-coat. The great man himself. He was five feet six, I should judge, and had his grip on the handle-end of ever so many millions. He shook hands, I fancy, murmured vaguely, was satisfied with my French. Bon Voyage.

    “In about forty-five seconds I found myself again in the waiting-room with the compassionate secretary, who, full of desolation and sympathy, made me sign some document. I believe I undertook amongst other things not to disclose any trade secrets. Well, I am not going to.

    “I began to feel slightly uneasy. You know I am not used to such ceremonies, and there was something ominous in the atmosphere. It was just as though I had been let into some conspiracy—I don’t know—something not quite right; and I was glad to get out. In the outer room the two women knitted black wool feverishly. People were arriving, and the younger one was walking back and forth introducing them. The old one sat on her chair. Her flat cloth slippers were propped up on a foot-warmer, and a cat reposed on her lap. She wore a starched white affair on her head, had a wart on one cheek, and silver-rimmed spectacles hung on the tip of her nose. She glanced at me above the glasses. The swift and indifferent placidity of that look troubled me. Two youths with foolish and cheery countenances were being piloted over, and she threw at them the same quick glance of unconcerned wisdom. She seemed to know all about them and about me, too. An eerie feeling came over me. She seemed uncanny and fateful. Often far away there I thought of these two, guarding the door of Darkness, knitting black wool as for a warm pall, one introducing, introducing continuously to the unknown, the other scrutinizing the cheery and foolish faces with unconcerned old eyes. Ave! Old knitter of black wool. Morituri te salutant. Not many of those she looked at ever saw her again—not half, by a long way.

    “There was yet a visit to the doctor. ‘A simple formality,’ assured me the secretary, with an air of taking an immense part in all my sorrows. Accordingly a young chap wearing his hat over the left eyebrow, some clerk I suppose—there must have been clerks in the business, though the house was as still as a house in a city of the dead—came from somewhere up-stairs, and led me forth. He was shabby and careless, with inkstains on the sleeves of his jacket, and his cravat was large and billowy, under a chin shaped like the toe of an old boot. It was a little too early for the doctor, so I proposed a drink, and thereupon he developed a vein of joviality. As we sat over our vermouths he glorified the Company’s business, and by and by I expressed casually my surprise at him not going out there. He became very cool and collected all at once. ‘I am not such a fool as I look, quoth Plato to his disciples,’ he said sententiously, emptied his glass with great resolution, and we rose.

    “The old doctor felt my pulse, evidently thinking of something else the while. ‘Good, good for there,’ he mumbled, and then with a certain eagerness asked me whether I would let him measure my head. Rather surprised, I said Yes, when he produced a thing like calipers and got the dimensions back and front and every way, taking notes carefully. He was an unshaven little man in a threadbare coat like a gaberdine, with his feet in slippers, and I thought him a harmless fool. ‘I always ask leave, in the interests of science, to measure the crania of those going out there,’ he said. ‘And when they come back, too?’ I asked. ‘Oh, I never see them,’ he remarked; ‘and, moreover, the changes take place inside, you know.’ He smiled, as if at some quiet joke. ‘So you are going out there. Famous. Interesting, too.’ He gave me a searching glance, and made another note. ‘Ever any madness in your family?’ he asked, in a matter-of-fact tone. I felt very annoyed. ‘Is that question in the interests of science, too?’ ‘It would be,’ he said, without taking notice of my irritation, ‘interesting for science to watch the mental changes of individuals, on the spot, but…’ ‘Are you an alienist?’ I interrupted. ‘Every doctor should be—a little,’ answered that original, imperturbably. ‘I have a little theory which you messieurs who go out there must help me to prove. This is my share in the advantages my country shall reap from the possession of such a magnificent dependency. The mere wealth I leave to others. Pardon my questions, but you are the first Englishman coming under my observation…’ I hastened to assure him I was not in the least typical. ‘If I were,’ said I, ‘I wouldn’t be talking like this with you.’ ‘What you say is rather profound, and probably erroneous,’ he said, with a laugh. ‘Avoid irritation more than exposure to the sun. Adieu. How do you English say, eh? Good-bye. Ah! Good-bye. Adieu. In the tropics one must before everything keep calm.’… He lifted a warning forefinger…. ‘Du calme, du calme.’

    “One thing more remained to do—say good-bye to my excellent aunt. I found her triumphant. I had a cup of tea—the last decent cup of tea for many days—and in a room that most soothingly looked just as you would expect a lady’s drawing-room to look, we had a long quiet chat by the fireside. In the course of these confidences it became quite plain to me I had been represented to the wife of the high dignitary, and goodness knows to how many more people besides, as an exceptional and gifted creature—a piece of good fortune for the Company—a man you don’t get hold of every day. Good heavens! and I was going to take charge of a two-penny-half-penny river-steamboat with a penny whistle attached! It appeared, however, I was also one of the Workers, with a capital—you know. Something like an emissary of light, something like a lower sort of apostle. There had been a lot of such rot let loose in print and talk just about that time, and the excellent woman, living right in the rush of all that humbug, got carried off her feet. She talked about ‘weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways,’ till, upon my word, she made me quite uncomfortable. I ventured to hint that the Company was run for profit.

    “‘You forget, dear Charlie, that the labourer is worthy of his hire,’ she said, brightly. It’s queer how out of touch with truth women are. They live in a world of their own, and there has never been anything like it, and never can be. It is too beautiful altogether, and if they were to set it up it would go to pieces before the first sunset. Some confounded fact we men have been living contentedly with ever since the day of creation would start up and knock the whole thing over.

    “After this I got embraced, told to wear flannel, be sure to write often, and so on—and I left. In the street—I don’t know why—a queer feeling came to me that I was an imposter. Odd thing that I, who used to clear out for any part of the world at twenty-four hours’ notice, with less thought than most men give to the crossing of a street, had a moment—I won’t say of hesitation, but of startled pause, before this commonplace affair. The best way I can explain it to you is by saying that, for a second or two, I felt as though, instead of going to the centre of a continent, I were about to set off for the centre of the earth.

    “I left in a French steamer, and she called in every blamed port they have out there, for, as far as I could see, the sole purpose of landing soldiers and custom-house officers. I watched the coast. Watching a coast as it slips by the ship is like thinking about an enigma. There it is before you—smiling, frowning, inviting, grand, mean, insipid, or savage, and always mute with an air of whispering, ‘Come and find out.’ This one was almost featureless, as if still in the making, with an aspect of monotonous grimness. The edge of a colossal jungle, so dark-green as to be almost black, fringed with white surf, ran straight, like a ruled line, far, far away along a blue sea whose glitter was blurred by a creeping mist. The sun was fierce, the land seemed to glisten and drip with steam. Here and there greyish-whitish specks showed up clustered inside the white surf, with a flag flying above them perhaps. Settlements some centuries old, and still no bigger than pinheads on the untouched expanse of their background. We pounded along, stopped, landed soldiers; went on, landed custom-house clerks to levy toll in what looked like a God-forsaken wilderness, with a tin shed and a flag-pole lost in it; landed more soldiers—to take care of the custom-house clerks, presumably. Some, I heard, got drowned in the surf; but whether they did or not, nobody seemed particularly to care. They were just flung out there, and on we went. Every day the coast looked the same, as though we had not moved; but we passed various places—trading places—with names like Gran’ Bassam, Little Popo; names that seemed to belong to some sordid farce acted in front of a sinister back-cloth. The idleness of a passenger, my isolation amongst all these men with whom I had no point of contact, the oily and languid sea, the uniform sombreness of the coast, seemed to keep me away from the truth of things, within the toil of a mournful and senseless delusion. The voice of the surf heard now and then was a positive pleasure, like the speech of a brother. It was something natural, that had its reason, that had a meaning. Now and then a boat from the shore gave one a momentary contact with reality. It was paddled by black fellows. You could see from afar the white of their eyeballs glistening. They shouted, sang; their bodies streamed with perspiration; they had faces like grotesque masks—these chaps; but they had bone, muscle, a wild vitality, an intense energy of movement, that was as natural and true as the surf along their coast. They wanted no excuse for being there. They were a great comfort to look at. For a time I would feel I belonged still to a world of straightforward facts; but the feeling would not last long. Something would turn up to scare it away. Once, I remember, we came upon a man-of-war anchored off the coast. There wasn’t even a shed there, and she was shelling the bush. It appears the French had one of their wars going on thereabouts. Her ensign dropped limp like a rag; the muzzles of the long six-inch guns stuck out all over the low hull; the greasy, slimy swell swung her up lazily and let her down, swaying her thin masts. In the empty immensity of earth, sky, and water, there she was, incomprehensible, firing into a continent. Pop, would go one of the six-inch guns; a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech—and nothing happened. Nothing could happen. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding, a sense of lugubrious drollery in the sight; and it was not dissipated by somebody on board assuring me earnestly there was a camp of natives—he called them enemies!—hidden out of sight somewhere.

    “We gave her her letters (I heard the men in that lonely ship were dying of fever at the rate of three a day) and went on. We called at some more places with farcical names, where the merry dance of death and trade goes on in a still and earthy atmosphere as of an overheated catacomb; all along the formless coast bordered by dangerous surf, as if Nature herself had tried to ward off intruders; in and out of rivers, streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened into slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair. Nowhere did we stop long enough to get a particularized impression, but the general sense of vague and oppressive wonder grew upon me. It was like a weary pilgrimage amongst hints for nightmares.

    “It was upward of thirty days before I saw the mouth of the big river. We anchored off the seat of the government. But my work would not begin till some two hundred miles farther on. So as soon as I could I made a start for a place thirty miles higher up.

    “I had my passage on a little sea-going steamer. Her captain was a Swede, and knowing me for a seaman, invited me on the bridge. He was a young man, lean, fair, and morose, with lanky hair and a shuffling gait. As we left the miserable little wharf, he tossed his head contemptuously at the shore. ‘Been living there?’ he asked. I said, ‘Yes.’ ‘Fine lot these government chaps—are they not?’ he went on, speaking English with great precision and considerable bitterness. ‘It is funny what some people will do for a few francs a month. I wonder what becomes of that kind when it goes upcountry?’ I said to him I expected to see that soon. ‘So-o-o!’ he exclaimed. He shuffled athwart, keeping one eye ahead vigilantly. ‘Don’t be too sure,’ he continued. ‘The other day I took up a man who hanged himself on the road. He was a Swede, too.’ ‘Hanged himself! Why, in God’s name?’ I cried. He kept on looking out watchfully. ‘Who knows? The sun too much for him, or the country perhaps.’

    “At last we opened a reach. A rocky cliff appeared, mounds of turned-up earth by the shore, houses on a hill, others with iron roofs, amongst a waste of excavations, or hanging to the declivity. A continuous noise of the rapids above hovered over this scene of inhabited devastation. A lot of people, mostly black and naked, moved about like ants. A jetty projected into the river. A blinding sunlight drowned all this at times in a sudden recrudescence of glare. ‘There’s your Company’s station,’ said the Swede, pointing to three wooden barrack-like structures on the rocky slope. ‘I will send your things up. Four boxes did you say? So. Farewell.’

    “I came upon a boiler wallowing in the grass, then found a path leading up the hill. It turned aside for the boulders, and also for an undersized railway-truck lying there on its back with its wheels in the air. One was off. The thing looked as dead as the carcass of some animal. I came upon more pieces of decaying machinery, a stack of rusty rails. To the left a clump of trees made a shady spot, where dark things seemed to stir feebly. I blinked, the path was steep. A horn tooted to the right, and I saw the black people run. A heavy and dull detonation shook the ground, a puff of smoke came out of the cliff, and that was all. No change appeared on the face of the rock. They were building a railway. The cliff was not in the way or anything; but this objectless blasting was all the work going on.

    “A slight clinking behind me made me turn my head. Six black men advanced in a file, toiling up the path. They walked erect and slow, balancing small baskets full of earth on their heads, and the clink kept time with their footsteps. Black rags were wound round their loins, and the short ends behind waggled to and fro like tails. I could see every rib, the joints of their limbs were like knots in a rope; each had an iron collar on his neck, and all were connected together with a chain whose bights swung between them, rhythmically clinking. Another report from the cliff made me think suddenly of that ship of war I had seen firing into a continent. It was the same kind of ominous voice; but these men could by no stretch of imagination be called enemies. They were called criminals, and the outraged law, like the bursting shells, had come to them, an insoluble mystery from the sea. All their meagre breasts panted together, the violently dilated nostrils quivered, the eyes stared stonily uphill. They passed me within six inches, without a glance, with that complete, deathlike indifference of unhappy savages. Behind this raw matter one of the reclaimed, the product of the new forces at work, strolled despondently, carrying a rifle by its middle. He had a uniform jacket with one button off, and seeing a white man on the path, hoisted his weapon to his shoulder with alacrity. This was simple prudence, white men being so much alike at a distance that he could not tell who I might be. He was speedily reassured, and with a large, white, rascally grin, and a glance at his charge, seemed to take me into partnership in his exalted trust. After all, I also was a part of the great cause of these high and just proceedings.

    “Instead of going up, I turned and descended to the left. My idea was to let that chain-gang get out of sight before I climbed the hill. You know I am not particularly tender; I’ve had to strike and to fend off. I’ve had to resist and to attack sometimes—that’s only one way of resisting—without counting the exact cost, according to the demands of such sort of life as I had blundered into. I’ve seen the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire; but, by all the stars! these were strong, lusty, red-eyed devils, that swayed and drove men—men, I tell you. But as I stood on this hillside, I foresaw that in the blinding sunshine of that land I would become acquainted with a flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly. How insidious he could be, too, I was only to find out several months later and a thousand miles farther. For a moment I stood appalled, as though by a warning. Finally I descended the hill, obliquely, towards the trees I had seen.

    “I avoided a vast artificial hole somebody had been digging on the slope, the purpose of which I found it impossible to divine. It wasn’t a quarry or a sandpit, anyhow. It was just a hole. It might have been connected with the philanthropic desire of giving the criminals something to do. I don’t know. Then I nearly fell into a very narrow ravine, almost no more than a scar in the hillside. I discovered that a lot of imported drainage-pipes for the settlement had been tumbled in there. There wasn’t one that was not broken. It was a wanton smash-up. At last I got under the trees. My purpose was to stroll into the shade for a moment; but no sooner within than it seemed to me I had stepped into the gloomy circle of some Inferno. The rapids were near, and an uninterrupted, uniform, headlong, rushing noise filled the mournful stillness of the grove, where not a breath stirred, not a leaf moved, with a mysterious sound—as though the tearing pace of the launched earth had suddenly become audible.

    “Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth, half coming out, half effaced within the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair. Another mine on the cliff went off, followed by a slight shudder of the soil under my feet. The work was going on. The work! And this was the place where some of the helpers had withdrawn to die.

    “They were dying slowly—it was very clear. They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now—nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confusedly in the greenish gloom. Brought from all the recesses of the coast in all the legality of time contracts, lost in uncongenial surroundings, fed on unfamiliar food, they sickened, became inefficient, and were then allowed to crawl away and rest. These moribund shapes were free as air—and nearly as thin. I began to distinguish the gleam of the eyes under the trees. Then, glancing down, I saw a face near my hand. The black bones reclined at full length with one shoulder against the tree, and slowly the eyelids rose and the sunken eyes looked up at me, enormous and vacant, a kind of blind, white flicker in the depths of the orbs, which died out slowly. The man seemed young—almost a boy—but you know with them it’s hard to tell. I found nothing else to do but to offer him one of my good Swede’s ship’s biscuits I had in my pocket. The fingers closed slowly on it and held—there was no other movement and no other glance. He had tied a bit of white worsted round his neck—Why? Where did he get it? Was it a badge—an ornament—a charm—a propitiatory act? Was there any idea at all connected with it? It looked startling round his black neck, this bit of white thread from beyond the seas.

    “Near the same tree two more bundles of acute angles sat with their legs drawn up. One, with his chin propped on his knees, stared at nothing, in an intolerable and appalling manner: his brother phantom rested its forehead, as if overcome with a great weariness; and all about others were scattered in every pose of contorted collapse, as in some picture of a massacre or a pestilence. While I stood horror-struck, one of these creatures rose to his hands and knees, and went off on all-fours towards the river to drink. He lapped out of his hand, then sat up in the sunlight, crossing his shins in front of him, and after a time let his woolly head fall on his breastbone.

    “I didn’t want any more loitering in the shade, and I made haste towards the station. When near the buildings I met a white man, in such an unexpected elegance of get-up that in the first moment I took him for a sort of vision. I saw a high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket, snowy trousers, a clean necktie, and varnished boots. No hat. Hair parted, brushed, oiled, under a green-lined parasol held in a big white hand. He was amazing, and had a penholder behind his ear.

    “I shook hands with this miracle, and I learned he was the Company’s chief accountant, and that all the book-keeping was done at this station. He had come out for a moment, he said, ‘to get a breath of fresh air. The expression sounded wonderfully odd, with its suggestion of sedentary desk-life. I wouldn’t have mentioned the fellow to you at all, only it was from his lips that I first heard the name of the man who is so indissolubly connected with the memories of that time. Moreover, I respected the fellow. Yes; I respected his collars, his vast cuffs, his brushed hair. His appearance was certainly that of a hairdresser’s dummy; but in the great demoralization of the land he kept up his appearance. That’s backbone. His starched collars and got-up shirt-fronts were achievements of character. He had been out nearly three years; and, later, I could not help asking him how he managed to sport such linen. He had just the faintest blush, and said modestly, ‘I’ve been teaching one of the native women about the station. It was difficult. She had a distaste for the work.’ Thus this man had verily accomplished something. And he was devoted to his books, which were in apple-pie order.

    “Everything else in the station was in a muddle—heads, things, buildings. Strings of dusty niggers with splay feet arrived and departed; a stream of manufactured goods, rubbishy cottons, beads, and brass-wire sent into the depths of darkness, and in return came a precious trickle of ivory.

    “I had to wait in the station for ten days—an eternity. I lived in a hut in the yard, but to be out of the chaos I would sometimes get into the accountant’s office. It was built of horizontal planks, and so badly put together that, as he bent over his high desk, he was barred from neck to heels with narrow strips of sunlight. There was no need to open the big shutter to see. It was hot there, too; big flies buzzed fiendishly, and did not sting, but stabbed. I sat generally on the floor, while, of faultless appearance (and even slightly scented), perching on a high stool, he wrote, he wrote. Sometimes he stood up for exercise. When a truckle-bed with a sick man (some invalid agent from upcountry) was put in there, he exhibited a gentle annoyance. ‘The groans of this sick person,’ he said, ‘distract my attention. And without that it is extremely difficult to guard against clerical errors in this climate.’

    “One day he remarked, without lifting his head, ‘In the interior you will no doubt meet Mr. Kurtz.’ On my asking who Mr. Kurtz was, he said he was a first-class agent; and seeing my disappointment at this information, he added slowly, laying down his pen, ‘He is a very remarkable person.’ Further questions elicited from him that Mr. Kurtz was at present in charge of a trading-post, a very important one, in the true ivory-country, at ‘the very bottom of there. Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together…’ He began to write again. The sick man was too ill to groan. The flies buzzed in a great peace.

    “Suddenly there was a growing murmur of voices and a great tramping of feet. A caravan had come in. A violent babble of uncouth sounds burst out on the other side of the planks. All the carriers were speaking together, and in the midst of the uproar the lamentable voice of the chief agent was heard ‘giving it up’ tearfully for the twentieth time that day…. He rose slowly. ‘What a frightful row,’ he said. He crossed the room gently to look at the sick man, and returning, said to me, ‘He does not hear.’ ‘What! Dead?’ I asked, startled. ‘No, not yet,’ he answered, with great composure. Then, alluding with a toss of the head to the tumult in the station-yard, ‘When one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate those savages—hate them to the death.’ He remained thoughtful for a moment. ‘When you see Mr. Kurtz’ he went on, ‘tell him from me that everything here’—he glanced at the deck—’ is very satisfactory. I don’t like to write to him—with those messengers of ours you never know who may get hold of your letter—at that Central Station.’ He stared at me for a moment with his mild, bulging eyes. ‘Oh, he will go far, very far,’ he began again. ‘He will be a somebody in the Administration before long. They, above—the Council in Europe, you know—mean him to be.’

    “He turned to his work. The noise outside had ceased, and presently in going out I stopped at the door. In the steady buzz of flies the homeward-bound agent was lying finished and insensible; the other, bent over his books, was making correct entries of perfectly correct transactions; and fifty feet below the doorstep I could see the still tree-tops of the grove of death.

    “Next day I left that station at last, with a caravan of sixty men, for a two-hundred-mile tramp.

    “No use telling you much about that. Paths, paths, everywhere; a stamped-in network of paths spreading over the empty land, through the long grass, through burnt grass, through thickets, down and up chilly ravines, up and down stony hills ablaze with heat; and a solitude, a solitude, nobody, not a hut. The population had cleared out a long time ago. Well, if a lot of mysterious niggers armed with all kinds of fearful weapons suddenly took to travelling on the road between Deal and Gravesend, catching the yokels right and left to carry heavy loads for them, I fancy every farm and cottage thereabouts would get empty very soon. Only here the dwellings were gone, too. Still I passed through several abandoned villages. There’s something pathetically childish in the ruins of grass walls. Day after day, with the stamp and shuffle of sixty pair of bare feet behind me, each pair under a 60-lb. load. Camp, cook, sleep, strike camp, march. Now and then a carrier dead in harness, at rest in the long grass near the path, with an empty water-gourd and his long staff lying by his side. A great silence around and above. Perhaps on some quiet night the tremor of far-off drums, sinking, swelling, a tremor vast, faint; a sound weird, appealing, suggestive, and wild—and perhaps with as profound a meaning as the sound of bells in a Christian country. Once a white man in an unbuttoned uniform, camping on the path with an armed escort of lank Zanzibaris, very hospitable and festive—not to say drunk. Was looking after the upkeep of the road, he declared. Can’t say I saw any road or any upkeep, unless the body of a middle-aged negro, with a bullet-hole in the forehead, upon which I absolutely stumbled three miles farther on, may be considered as a permanent improvement. I had a white companion, too, not a bad chap, but rather too fleshy and with the exasperating habit of fainting on the hot hillsides, miles away from the least bit of shade and water. Annoying, you know, to hold your own coat like a parasol over a man’s head while he is coming to. I couldn’t help asking him once what he meant by coming there at all. ‘To make money, of course. What do you think?’ he said, scornfully. Then he got fever, and had to be carried in a hammock slung under a pole. As he weighed sixteen stone I had no end of rows with the carriers. They jibbed, ran away, sneaked off with their loads in the night—quite a mutiny. So, one evening, I made a speech in English with gestures, not one of which was lost to the sixty pairs of eyes before me, and the next morning I started the hammock off in front all right. An hour afterwards I came upon the whole concern wrecked in a bush—man, hammock, groans, blankets, horrors. The heavy pole had skinned his poor nose. He was very anxious for me to kill somebody, but there wasn’t the shadow of a carrier near. I remembered the old doctor—‘It would be interesting for science to watch the mental changes of individuals, on the spot.’ I felt I was becoming scientifically interesting. However, all that is to no purpose. On the fifteenth day I came in sight of the big river again, and hobbled into the Central Station. It was on a back water surrounded by scrub and forest, with a pretty border of smelly mud on one side, and on the three others enclosed by a crazy fence of rushes. A neglected gap was all the gate it had, and the first glance at the place was enough to let you see the flabby devil was running that show. White men with long staves in their hands appeared languidly from amongst the buildings, strolling up to take a look at me, and then retired out of sight somewhere. One of them, a stout, excitable chap with black moustaches, informed me with great volubility and many digressions, as soon as I told him who I was, that my steamer was at the bottom of the river. I was thunderstruck. What, how, why? Oh, it was ‘all right.’ The ‘manager himself’ was there. All quite correct. ‘Everybody had behaved splendidly! splendidly!’—‘you must,’ he said in agitation, ‘go and see the general manager at once. He is waiting!’

    “I did not see the real significance of that wreck at once. I fancy I see it now, but I am not sure—not at all. Certainly the affair was too stupid—when I think of it—to be altogether natural. Still… But at the moment it presented itself simply as a confounded nuisance. The steamer was sunk. They had started two days before in a sudden hurry up the river with the manager on board, in charge of some volunteer skipper, and before they had been out three hours they tore the bottom out of her on stones, and she sank near the south bank. I asked myself what I was to do there, now my boat was lost. As a matter of fact, I had plenty to do in fishing my command out of the river. I had to set about it the very next day. That, and the repairs when I brought the pieces to the station, took some months.

    “My first interview with the manager was curious. He did not ask me to sit down after my twenty-mile walk that morning. He was commonplace in complexion, in features, in manners, and in voice. He was of middle size and of ordinary build. His eyes, of the usual blue, were perhaps remarkably cold, and he certainly could make his glance fall on one as trenchant and heavy as an axe. But even at these times the rest of his person seemed to disclaim the intention. Otherwise there was only an indefinable, faint expression of his lips, something stealthy—a smile—not a smile—I remember it, but I can’t explain. It was unconscious, this smile was, though just after he had said something it got intensified for an instant. It came at the end of his speeches like a seal applied on the words to make the meaning of the commonest phrase appear absolutely inscrutable. He was a common trader, from his youth up employed in these parts—nothing more. He was obeyed, yet he inspired neither love nor fear, nor even respect. He inspired uneasiness. That was it! Uneasiness. Not a definite mistrust—just uneasiness—nothing more. You have no idea how effective such a… a… faculty can be. He had no genius for organizing, for initiative, or for order even. That was evident in such things as the deplorable state of the station. He had no learning, and no intelligence. His position had come to him—why? Perhaps because he was never ill… He had served three terms of three years out there… Because triumphant health in the general rout of constitutions is a kind of power in itself. When he went home on leave he rioted on a large scale—pompously. Jack ashore—with a difference—in externals only. This one could gather from his casual talk. He originated nothing, he could keep the routine going—that’s all. But he was great. He was great by this little thing that it was impossible to tell what could control such a man. He never gave that secret away. Perhaps there was nothing within him. Such a suspicion made one pause—for out there there were no external checks. Once when various tropical diseases had laid low almost every ‘agent’ in the station, he was heard to say, ‘Men who come out here should have no entrails.’ He sealed the utterance with that smile of his, as though it had been a door opening into a darkness he had in his keeping. You fancied you had seen things—but the seal was on. When annoyed at meal-times by the constant quarrels of the white men about precedence, he ordered an immense round table to be made, for which a special house had to be built. This was the station’s mess-room. Where he sat was the first place—the rest were nowhere. One felt this to be his unalterable conviction. He was neither civil nor uncivil. He was quiet. He allowed his ‘boy’—an overfed young negro from the coast—to treat the white men, under his very eyes, with provoking insolence.

    “He began to speak as soon as he saw me. I had been very long on the road. He could not wait. Had to start without me. The up-river stations had to be relieved. There had been so many delays already that he did not know who was dead and who was alive, and how they got on—and so on, and so on. He paid no attention to my explanations, and, playing with a stick of sealing-wax, repeated several times that the situation was ‘very grave, very grave.’ There were rumours that a very important station was in jeopardy, and its chief, Mr. Kurtz, was ill. Hoped it was not true. Mr. Kurtz was… I felt weary and irritable. Hang Kurtz, I thought. I interrupted him by saying I had heard of Mr. Kurtz on the coast. ‘Ah! So they talk of him down there,’ he murmured to himself. Then he began again, assuring me Mr. Kurtz was the best agent he had, an exceptional man, of the greatest importance to the Company; therefore I could understand his anxiety. He was, he said, ‘very, very uneasy.’ Certainly he fidgeted on his chair a good deal, exclaimed, ‘Ah, Mr. Kurtz!’ broke the stick of sealing-wax and seemed dumfounded by the accident. Next thing he wanted to know ‘how long it would take to’… I interrupted him again. Being hungry, you know, and kept on my feet too. I was getting savage. ‘How can I tell?’ I said. ‘I haven’t even seen the wreck yet—some months, no doubt.’ All this talk seemed to me so futile. ‘Some months,’ he said. ‘Well, let us say three months before we can make a start. Yes. That ought to do the affair.’ I flung out of his hut (he lived all alone in a clay hut with a sort of verandah) muttering to myself my opinion of him. He was a chattering idiot. Afterwards I took it back when it was borne in upon me startlingly with what extreme nicety he had estimated the time requisite for the ‘affair.’

    “I went to work the next day, turning, so to speak, my back on that station. In that way only it seemed to me I could keep my hold on the redeeming facts of life. Still, one must look about sometimes; and then I saw this station, these men strolling aimlessly about in the sunshine of the yard. I asked myself sometimes what it all meant. They wandered here and there with their absurd long staves in their hands, like a lot of faithless pilgrims bewitched inside a rotten fence. The word ‘ivory’ rang in the air, was whispered, was sighed. You would think they were praying to it. A taint of imbecile rapacity blew through it all, like a whiff from some corpse. By Jove! I’ve never seen anything so unreal in my life. And outside, the silent wilderness surrounding this cleared speck on the earth struck me as something great and invincible, like evil or truth, waiting patiently for the passing away of this fantastic invasion.

    “Oh, these months! Well, never mind. Various things happened. One evening a grass shed full of calico, cotton prints, beads, and I don’t know what else, burst into a blaze so suddenly that you would have thought the earth had opened to let an avenging fire consume all that trash. I was smoking my pipe quietly by my dismantled steamer, and saw them all cutting capers in the light, with their arms lifted high, when the stout man with moustaches came tearing down to the river, a tin pail in his hand, assured me that everybody was ‘behaving splendidly, splendidly,’ dipped about a quart of water and tore back again. I noticed there was a hole in the bottom of his pail.

    “I strolled up. There was no hurry. You see the thing had gone off like a box of matches. It had been hopeless from the very first. The flame had leaped high, driven everybody back, lighted up everything—and collapsed. The shed was already a heap of embers glowing fiercely. A nigger was being beaten near by. They said he had caused the fire in some way; be that as it may, he was screeching most horribly. I saw him, later, for several days, sitting in a bit of shade looking very sick and trying to recover himself; afterwards he arose and went out—and the wilderness without a sound took him into its bosom again. As I approached the glow from the dark I found myself at the back of two men, talking. I heard the name of Kurtz pronounced, then the words, ‘take advantage of this unfortunate accident.’ One of the men was the manager. I wished him a good evening. ‘Did you ever see anything like it—eh? it is incredible,’ he said, and walked off. The other man remained. He was a first-class agent, young, gentlemanly, a bit reserved, with a forked little beard and a hooked nose. He was stand-offish with the other agents, and they on their side said he was the manager’s spy upon them. As to me, I had hardly ever spoken to him before. We got into talk, and by and by we strolled away from the hissing ruins. Then he asked me to his room, which was in the main building of the station. He struck a match, and I perceived that this young aristocrat had not only a silver-mounted dressing-case but also a whole candle all to himself. Just at that time the manager was the only man supposed to have any right to candles. Native mats covered the clay walls; a collection of spears, assegais, shields, knives was hung up in trophies. The business intrusted to this fellow was the making of bricks—so I had been informed; but there wasn’t a fragment of a brick anywhere in the station, and he had been there more than a year—waiting. It seems he could not make bricks without something, I don’t know what—straw maybe. Anyway, it could not be found there and as it was not likely to be sent from Europe, it did not appear clear to me what he was waiting for. An act of special creation perhaps. However, they were all waiting—all the sixteen or twenty pilgrims of them—for something; and upon my word it did not seem an uncongenial occupation, from the way they took it, though the only thing that ever came to them was disease—as far as I could see. They beguiled the time by back-biting and intriguing against each other in a foolish kind of way. There was an air of plotting about that station, but nothing came of it, of course. It was as unreal as everything else—as the philanthropic pretence of the whole concern, as their talk, as their government, as their show of work. The only real feeling was a desire to get appointed to a trading-post where ivory was to be had, so that they could earn percentages. They intrigued and slandered and hated each other only on that account—but as to effectually lifting a little finger—oh, no. By heavens! there is something after all in the world allowing one man to steal a horse while another must not look at a halter. Steal a horse straight out. Very well. He has done it. Perhaps he can ride. But there is a way of looking at a halter that would provoke the most charitable of saints into a kick.

    “I had no idea why he wanted to be sociable, but as we chatted in there it suddenly occurred to me the fellow was trying to get at something—in fact, pumping me. He alluded constantly to Europe, to the people I was supposed to know there—putting leading questions as to my acquaintances in the sepulchral city, and so on. His little eyes glittered like mica discs—with curiosity—though he tried to keep up a bit of superciliousness. At first I was astonished, but very soon I became awfully curious to see what he would find out from me. I couldn’t possibly imagine what I had in me to make it worth his while. It was very pretty to see how he baffled himself, for in truth my body was full only of chills, and my head had nothing in it but that wretched steamboat business. It was evident he took me for a perfectly shameless prevaricator. At last he got angry, and, to conceal a movement of furious annoyance, he yawned. I rose. Then I noticed a small sketch in oils, on a panel, representing a woman, draped and blindfolded, carrying a lighted torch. The background was sombre—almost black. The movement of the woman was stately, and the effect of the torchlight on the face was sinister.

    “It arrested me, and he stood by civilly, holding an empty half-pint champagne bottle (medical comforts) with the candle stuck in it. To my question he said Mr. Kurtz had painted this—in this very station more than a year ago—while waiting for means to go to his trading post. ‘Tell me, pray,’ said I, ‘who is this Mr. Kurtz?’

    “‘The chief of the Inner Station,’ he answered in a short tone, looking away. ‘Much obliged,’ I said, laughing. ‘And you are the brickmaker of the Central Station. Every one knows that.’ He was silent for a while. ‘He is a prodigy,’ he said at last. ‘He is an emissary of pity and science and progress, and devil knows what else. We want,’ he began to declaim suddenly, ‘for the guidance of the cause intrusted to us by Europe, so to speak, higher intelligence, wide sympathies, a singleness of purpose.’ ‘Who says that?’ I asked. ‘Lots of them,’ he replied. ‘Some even write that; and so he comes here, a special being, as you ought to know.’ ‘Why ought I to know?’ I interrupted, really surprised. He paid no attention. ‘Yes. Today he is chief of the best station, next year he will be assistant-manager, two years more and… but I dare-say you know what he will be in two years’ time. You are of the new gang—the gang of virtue. The same people who sent him specially also recommended you. Oh, don’t say no. I’ve my own eyes to trust.’ Light dawned upon me. My dear aunt’s influential acquaintances were producing an unexpected effect upon that young man. I nearly burst into a laugh. ‘Do you read the Company’s confidential correspondence?’ I asked. He hadn’t a word to say. It was great fun. ‘When Mr. Kurtz,’ I continued, severely, ‘is General Manager, you won’t have the opportunity.’

    “He blew the candle out suddenly, and we went outside. The moon had risen. Black figures strolled about listlessly, pouring water on the glow, whence proceeded a sound of hissing; steam ascended in the moonlight, the beaten nigger groaned somewhere. ‘What a row the brute makes!’ said the indefatigable man with the moustaches, appearing near us. ‘Serve him right. Transgression—punishment—bang! Pitiless, pitiless. That’s the only way. This will prevent all conflagrations for the future. I was just telling the manager…’ He noticed my companion, and became crestfallen all at once. ‘Not in bed yet,’ he said, with a kind of servile heartiness; ‘it’s so natural. Ha! Danger—agitation.’ He vanished. I went on to the riverside, and the other followed me. I heard a scathing murmur at my ear, ‘Heap of muffs—go to.’ The pilgrims could be seen in knots gesticulating, discussing. Several had still their staves in their hands. I verily believe they took these sticks to bed with them. Beyond the fence the forest stood up spectrally in the moonlight, and through that dim stir, through the faint sounds of that lamentable courtyard, the silence of the land went home to one’s very heart—its mystery, its greatness, the amazing reality of its concealed life. The hurt nigger moaned feebly somewhere near by, and then fetched a deep sigh that made me mend my pace away from there. I felt a hand introducing itself under my arm. ‘My dear sir,’ said the fellow, ‘I don’t want to be misunderstood, and especially by you, who will see Mr. Kurtz long before I can have that pleasure. I wouldn’t like him to get a false idea of my disposition….’

    “I let him run on, this papier-mache Mephistopheles, and it seemed to me that if I tried I could poke my forefinger through him, and would find nothing inside but a little loose dirt, maybe. He, don’t you see, had been planning to be assistant-manager by and by under the present man, and I could see that the coming of that Kurtz had upset them both not a little. He talked precipitately, and I did not try to stop him. I had my shoulders against the wreck of my steamer, hauled up on the slope like a carcass of some big river animal. The smell of mud, of primeval mud, by Jove! was in my nostrils, the high stillness of primeval forest was before my eyes; there were shiny patches on the black creek. The moon had spread over everything a thin layer of silver—over the rank grass, over the mud, upon the wall of matted vegetation standing higher than the wall of a temple, over the great river I could see through a sombre gap glittering, glittering, as it flowed broadly by without a murmur. All this was great, expectant, mute, while the man jabbered about himself. I wondered whether the stillness on the face of the immensity looking at us two were meant as an appeal or as a menace. What were we who had strayed in here? Could we handle that dumb thing, or would it handle us? I felt how big, how confoundedly big, was that thing that couldn’t talk, and perhaps was deaf as well. What was in there? I could see a little ivory coming out from there, and I had heard Mr. Kurtz was in there. I had heard enough about it, too—God knows! Yet somehow it didn’t bring any image with it—no more than if I had been told an angel or a fiend was in there. I believed it in the same way one of you might believe there are inhabitants in the planet Mars. I knew once a Scotch sailmaker who was certain, dead sure, there were people in Mars. If you asked him for some idea how they looked and behaved, he would get shy and mutter something about ‘walking on all-fours.’ If you as much as smiled, he would—though a man of sixty—offer to fight you. I would not have gone so far as to fight for Kurtz, but I went for him near enough to a lie. You know I hate, detest, and can’t bear a lie, not because I am straighter than the rest of us, but simply because it appalls me. There is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies—which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world—what I want to forget. It makes me miserable and sick, like biting something rotten would do. Temperament, I suppose. Well, I went near enough to it by letting the young fool there believe anything he liked to imagine as to my influence in Europe. I became in an instant as much of a pretence as the rest of the bewitched pilgrims. This simply because I had a notion it somehow would be of help to that Kurtz whom at the time I did not see—you understand. He was just a word for me. I did not see the man in the name any more than you do. Do you see him? Do you see the story? Do you see anything? It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream—making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream-sensation, that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is of the very essence of dreams….”

    He was silent for a while.

    “… No, it is impossible; it is impossible to convey the life-sensation of any given epoch of one’s existence—that which makes its truth, its meaning—its subtle and penetrating essence. It is impossible. We live, as we dream—alone….”

    He paused again as if reflecting, then added:

    “Of course in this you fellows see more than I could then. You see me, whom you know….”

    It had become so pitch dark that we listeners could hardly see one another. For a long time already he, sitting apart, had been no more to us than a voice. There was not a word from anybody. The others might have been asleep, but I was awake. I listened, I listened on the watch for the sentence, for the word, that would give me the clue to the faint uneasiness inspired by this narrative that seemed to shape itself without human lips in the heavy night-air of the river.

    “… Yes—I let him run on,” Marlow began again, “and think what he pleased about the powers that were behind me. I did! And there was nothing behind me! There was nothing but that wretched, old, mangled steamboat I was leaning against, while he talked fluently about ‘the necessity for every man to get on.’ ‘And when one comes out here, you conceive, it is not to gaze at the moon.’ Mr. Kurtz was a ‘universal genius,’ but even a genius would find it easier to work with ‘adequate tools—intelligent men.’ He did not make bricks—why, there was a physical impossibility in the way—as I was well aware; and if he did secretarial work for the manager, it was because ‘no sensible man rejects wantonly the confidence of his superiors.’ Did I see it? I saw it. What more did I want? What I really wanted was rivets, by heaven! Rivets. To get on with the work—to stop the hole. Rivets I wanted. There were cases of them down at the coast—cases—piled up—burst—split! You kicked a loose rivet at every second step in that station-yard on the hillside. Rivets had rolled into the grove of death. You could fill your pockets with rivets for the trouble of stooping down—and there wasn’t one rivet to be found where it was wanted. We had plates that would do, but nothing to fasten them with. And every week the messenger, a long negro, letter-bag on shoulder and staff in hand, left our station for the coast. And several times a week a coast caravan came in with trade goods—ghastly glazed calico that made you shudder only to look at it, glass beads value about a penny a quart, confounded spotted cotton handkerchiefs. And no rivets. Three carriers could have brought all that was wanted to set that steamboat afloat.

    “He was becoming confidential now, but I fancy my unresponsive attitude must have exasperated him at last, for he judged it necessary to inform me he feared neither God nor devil, let alone any mere man. I said I could see that very well, but what I wanted was a certain quantity of rivets—and rivets were what really Mr. Kurtz wanted, if he had only known it. Now letters went to the coast every week…. ‘My dear sir,’ he cried, ‘I write from dictation.’ I demanded rivets. There was a way—for an intelligent man. He changed his manner; became very cold, and suddenly began to talk about a hippopotamus; wondered whether sleeping on board the steamer (I stuck to my salvage night and day) I wasn’t disturbed. There was an old hippo that had the bad habit of getting out on the bank and roaming at night over the station grounds. The pilgrims used to turn out in a body and empty every rifle they could lay hands on at him. Some even had sat up o’ nights for him. All this energy was wasted, though. ‘That animal has a charmed life,’ he said; ‘but you can say this only of brutes in this country. No man—you apprehend me?—no man here bears a charmed life.’ He stood there for a moment in the moonlight with his delicate hooked nose set a little askew, and his mica eyes glittering without a wink, then, with a curt Good-night, he strode off. I could see he was disturbed and considerably puzzled, which made me feel more hopeful than I had been for days. It was a great comfort to turn from that chap to my influential friend, the battered, twisted, ruined, tin-pot steamboat. I clambered on board. She rang under my feet like an empty Huntley & Palmer biscuit-tin kicked along a gutter; she was nothing so solid in make, and rather less pretty in shape, but I had expended enough hard work on her to make me love her. No influential friend would have served me better. She had given me a chance to come out a bit—to find out what I could do. No, I don’t like work. I had rather laze about and think of all the fine things that can be done. I don’t like work—no man does—but I like what is in the work—the chance to find yourself. Your own reality—for yourself, not for others—what no other man can ever know. They can only see the mere show, and never can tell what it really means.

    “I was not surprised to see somebody sitting aft, on the deck, with his legs dangling over the mud. You see I rather chummed with the few mechanics there were in that station, whom the other pilgrims naturally despised—on account of their imperfect manners, I suppose. This was the foreman—a boiler-maker by trade—a good worker. He was a lank, bony, yellow-faced man, with big intense eyes. His aspect was worried, and his head was as bald as the palm of my hand; but his hair in falling seemed to have stuck to his chin, and had prospered in the new locality, for his beard hung down to his waist. He was a widower with six young children (he had left them in charge of a sister of his to come out there), and the passion of his life was pigeon-flying. He was an enthusiast and a connoisseur. He would rave about pigeons. After work hours he used sometimes to come over from his hut for a talk about his children and his pigeons; at work, when he had to crawl in the mud under the bottom of the steamboat, he would tie up that beard of his in a kind of white serviette he brought for the purpose. It had loops to go over his ears. In the evening he could be seen squatted on the bank rinsing that wrapper in the creek with great care, then spreading it solemnly on a bush to dry.

    “I slapped him on the back and shouted, ‘We shall have rivets!’ He scrambled to his feet exclaiming, ‘No! Rivets!’ as though he couldn’t believe his ears. Then in a low voice, ‘You… eh?’ I don’t know why we behaved like lunatics. I put my finger to the side of my nose and nodded mysteriously. ‘Good for you!’ he cried, snapped his fingers above his head, lifting one foot. I tried a jig. We capered on the iron deck. A frightful clatter came out of that hulk, and the virgin forest on the other bank of the creek sent it back in a thundering roll upon the sleeping station. It must have made some of the pilgrims sit up in their hovels. A dark figure obscured the lighted doorway of the manager’s hut, vanished, then, a second or so after, the doorway itself vanished, too. We stopped, and the silence driven away by the stamping of our feet flowed back again from the recesses of the land. The great wall of vegetation, an exuberant and entangled mass of trunks, branches, leaves, boughs, festoons, motionless in the moonlight, was like a rioting invasion of soundless life, a rolling wave of plants, piled up, crested, ready to topple over the creek, to sweep every little man of us out of his little existence. And it moved not. A deadened burst of mighty splashes and snorts reached us from afar, as though an icthyosaurus had been taking a bath of glitter in the great river. ‘After all,’ said the boiler-maker in a reasonable tone, ‘why shouldn’t we get the rivets?’ Why not, indeed! I did not know of any reason why we shouldn’t. ‘They’ll come in three weeks,’ I said confidently.

    “But they didn’t. Instead of rivets there came an invasion, an infliction, a visitation. It came in sections during the next three weeks, each section headed by a donkey carrying a white man in new clothes and tan shoes, bowing from that elevation right and left to the impressed pilgrims. A quarrelsome band of footsore sulky niggers trod on the heels of the donkey; a lot of tents, camp-stools, tin boxes, white cases, brown bales would be shot down in the courtyard, and the air of mystery would deepen a little over the muddle of the station. Five such instalments came, with their absurd air of disorderly flight with the loot of innumerable outfit shops and provision stores, that, one would think, they were lugging, after a raid, into the wilderness for equitable division. It was an inextricable mess of things decent in themselves but that human folly made look like the spoils of thieving.

    “This devoted band called itself the Eldorado Exploring Expedition, and I believe they were sworn to secrecy. Their talk, however, was the talk of sordid buccaneers: it was reckless without hardihood, greedy without audacity, and cruel without courage; there was not an atom of foresight or of serious intention in the whole batch of them, and they did not seem aware these things are wanted for the work of the world. To tear treasure out of the bowels of the land was their desire, with no more moral purpose at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe. Who paid the expenses of the noble enterprise I don’t know; but the uncle of our manager was leader of that lot.

    “In exterior he resembled a butcher in a poor neighbourhood, and his eyes had a look of sleepy cunning. He carried his fat paunch with ostentation on his short legs, and during the time his gang infested the station spoke to no one but his nephew. You could see these two roaming about all day long with their heads close together in an everlasting confab.

    “I had given up worrying myself about the rivets. One’s capacity for that kind of folly is more limited than you would suppose. I said Hang!—and let things slide. I had plenty of time for meditation, and now and then I would give some thought to Kurtz. I wasn’t very interested in him. No. Still, I was curious to see whether this man, who had come out equipped with moral ideas of some sort, would climb to the top after all and how he would set about his work when there.”

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  • HEART OF DARKNESS By Joseph Conrad – Part Three

    “I looked at him, lost in astonishment. There he was before me, in motley, as though he had absconded from a troupe of mimes, enthusiastic, fabulous. His very existence was improbable, inexplicable, and altogether bewildering. He was an insoluble problem. It was inconceivable how he had existed, how he had succeeded in getting so far, how he had managed to remain—why he did not instantly disappear. ‘I went a little farther,’ he said, ‘then still a little farther—till I had gone so far that I don’t know how I’ll ever get back. Never mind. Plenty time. I can manage. You take Kurtz away quick—quick—I tell you.’ The glamour of youth enveloped his parti-coloured rags, his destitution, his loneliness, the essential desolation of his futile wanderings. For months—for years—his life hadn’t been worth a day’s purchase; and there he was gallantly, thoughtlessly alive, to all appearances indestructible solely by the virtue of his few years and of his unreflecting audacity. I was seduced into something like admiration—like envy. Glamour urged him on, glamour kept him unscathed. He surely wanted nothing from the wilderness but space to breathe in and to push on through. His need was to exist, and to move onwards at the greatest possible risk, and with a maximum of privation. If the absolutely pure, uncalculating, unpractical spirit of adventure had ever ruled a human being, it ruled this bepatched youth. I almost envied him the possession of this modest and clear flame. It seemed to have consumed all thought of self so completely, that even while he was talking to you, you forgot that it was he—the man before your eyes—who had gone through these things. I did not envy him his devotion to Kurtz, though. He had not meditated over it. It came to him, and he accepted it with a sort of eager fatalism. I must say that to me it appeared about the most dangerous thing in every way he had come upon so far.

    “They had come together unavoidably, like two ships becalmed near each other, and lay rubbing sides at last. I suppose Kurtz wanted an audience, because on a certain occasion, when encamped in the forest, they had talked all night, or more probably Kurtz had talked. ‘We talked of everything,’ he said, quite transported at the recollection. ‘I forgot there was such a thing as sleep. The night did not seem to last an hour. Everything! Everything!… Of love, too.’ ‘Ah, he talked to you of love!’ I said, much amused. ‘It isn’t what you think,’ he cried, almost passionately. ‘It was in general. He made me see things—things.’

    “He threw his arms up. We were on deck at the time, and the headman of my wood-cutters, lounging near by, turned upon him his heavy and glittering eyes. I looked around, and I don’t know why, but I assure you that never, never before, did this land, this river, this jungle, the very arch of this blazing sky, appear to me so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness. ‘And, ever since, you have been with him, of course?’ I said.

    “On the contrary. It appears their intercourse had been very much broken by various causes. He had, as he informed me proudly, managed to nurse Kurtz through two illnesses (he alluded to it as you would to some risky feat), but as a rule Kurtz wandered alone, far in the depths of the forest. ‘Very often coming to this station, I had to wait days and days before he would turn up,’ he said. ‘Ah, it was worth waiting for!—sometimes.’ ‘What was he doing? exploring or what?’ I asked. ‘Oh, yes, of course’; he had discovered lots of villages, a lake, too—he did not know exactly in what direction; it was dangerous to inquire too much—but mostly his expeditions had been for ivory. ‘But he had no goods to trade with by that time,’ I objected. ‘There’s a good lot of cartridges left even yet,’ he answered, looking away. ‘To speak plainly, he raided the country,’ I said. He nodded. ‘Not alone, surely!’ He muttered something about the villages round that lake. ‘Kurtz got the tribe to follow him, did he?’ I suggested. He fidgeted a little. ‘They adored him,’ he said. The tone of these words was so extraordinary that I looked at him searchingly. It was curious to see his mingled eagerness and reluctance to speak of Kurtz. The man filled his life, occupied his thoughts, swayed his emotions. ‘What can you expect?’ he burst out; ‘he came to them with thunder and lightning, you know—and they had never seen anything like it—and very terrible. He could be very terrible. You can’t judge Mr. Kurtz as you would an ordinary man. No, no, no! Now—just to give you an idea—I don’t mind telling you, he wanted to shoot me, too, one day—but I don’t judge him.’ ‘Shoot you!’ I cried ‘What for?’ ‘Well, I had a small lot of ivory the chief of that village near my house gave me. You see I used to shoot game for them. Well, he wanted it, and wouldn’t hear reason. He declared he would shoot me unless I gave him the ivory and then cleared out of the country, because he could do so, and had a fancy for it, and there was nothing on earth to prevent him killing whom he jolly well pleased. And it was true, too. I gave him the ivory. What did I care! But I didn’t clear out. No, no. I couldn’t leave him. I had to be careful, of course, till we got friendly again for a time. He had his second illness then. Afterwards I had to keep out of the way; but I didn’t mind. He was living for the most part in those villages on the lake. When he came down to the river, sometimes he would take to me, and sometimes it was better for me to be careful. This man suffered too much. He hated all this, and somehow he couldn’t get away. When I had a chance I begged him to try and leave while there was time; I offered to go back with him. And he would say yes, and then he would remain; go off on another ivory hunt; disappear for weeks; forget himself amongst these people—forget himself—you know.’ ‘Why! he’s mad,’ I said. He protested indignantly. Mr. Kurtz couldn’t be mad. If I had heard him talk, only two days ago, I wouldn’t dare hint at such a thing…. I had taken up my binoculars while we talked, and was looking at the shore, sweeping the limit of the forest at each side and at the back of the house. The consciousness of there being people in that bush, so silent, so quiet—as silent and quiet as the ruined house on the hill—made me uneasy. There was no sign on the face of nature of this amazing tale that was not so much told as suggested to me in desolate exclamations, completed by shrugs, in interrupted phrases, in hints ending in deep sighs. The woods were unmoved, like a mask—heavy, like the closed door of a prison—they looked with their air of hidden knowledge, of patient expectation, of unapproachable silence. The Russian was explaining to me that it was only lately that Mr. Kurtz had come down to the river, bringing along with him all the fighting men of that lake tribe. He had been absent for several months—getting himself adored, I suppose—and had come down unexpectedly, with the intention to all appearance of making a raid either across the river or down stream. Evidently the appetite for more ivory had got the better of the—what shall I say?—less material aspirations. However he had got much worse suddenly. ‘I heard he was lying helpless, and so I came up—took my chance,’ said the Russian. ‘Oh, he is bad, very bad.’ I directed my glass to the house. There were no signs of life, but there was the ruined roof, the long mud wall peeping above the grass, with three little square window-holes, no two of the same size; all this brought within reach of my hand, as it were. And then I made a brusque movement, and one of the remaining posts of that vanished fence leaped up in the field of my glass. You remember I told you I had been struck at the distance by certain attempts at ornamentation, rather remarkable in the ruinous aspect of the place. Now I had suddenly a nearer view, and its first result was to make me throw my head back as if before a blow. Then I went carefully from post to post with my glass, and I saw my mistake. These round knobs were not ornamental but symbolic; they were expressive and puzzling, striking and disturbing—food for thought and also for vultures if there had been any looking down from the sky; but at all events for such ants as were industrious enough to ascend the pole. They would have been even more impressive, those heads on the stakes, if their faces had not been turned to the house. Only one, the first I had made out, was facing my way. I was not so shocked as you may think. The start back I had given was really nothing but a movement of surprise. I had expected to see a knob of wood there, you know. I returned deliberately to the first I had seen—and there it was, black, dried, sunken, with closed eyelids—a head that seemed to sleep at the top of that pole, and, with the shrunken dry lips showing a narrow white line of the teeth, was smiling, too, smiling continuously at some endless and jocose dream of that eternal slumber.

    “I am not disclosing any trade secrets. In fact, the manager said afterwards that Mr. Kurtz’s methods had ruined the district. I have no opinion on that point, but I want you clearly to understand that there was nothing exactly profitable in these heads being there. They only showed that Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts, that there was something wanting in him—some small matter which, when the pressing need arose, could not be found under his magnificent eloquence. Whether he knew of this deficiency himself I can’t say. I think the knowledge came to him at last—only at the very last. But the wilderness had found him out early, and had taken on him a terrible vengeance for the fantastic invasion. I think it had whispered to him things about himself which he did not know, things of which he had no conception till he took counsel with this great solitude—and the whisper had proved irresistibly fascinating. It echoed loudly within him because he was hollow at the core…. I put down the glass, and the head that had appeared near enough to be spoken to seemed at once to have leaped away from me into inaccessible distance.

    “The admirer of Mr. Kurtz was a bit crestfallen. In a hurried, indistinct voice he began to assure me he had not dared to take these—say, symbols—down. He was not afraid of the natives; they would not stir till Mr. Kurtz gave the word. His ascendancy was extraordinary. The camps of these people surrounded the place, and the chiefs came every day to see him. They would crawl…. ‘I don’t want to know anything of the ceremonies used when approaching Mr. Kurtz,’ I shouted. Curious, this feeling that came over me that such details would be more intolerable than those heads drying on the stakes under Mr. Kurtz’s windows. After all, that was only a savage sight, while I seemed at one bound to have been transported into some lightless region of subtle horrors, where pure, uncomplicated savagery was a positive relief, being something that had a right to exist—obviously—in the sunshine. The young man looked at me with surprise. I suppose it did not occur to him that Mr. Kurtz was no idol of mine. He forgot I hadn’t heard any of these splendid monologues on, what was it? on love, justice, conduct of life—or what not. If it had come to crawling before Mr. Kurtz, he crawled as much as the veriest savage of them all. I had no idea of the conditions, he said: these heads were the heads of rebels. I shocked him excessively by laughing. Rebels! What would be the next definition I was to hear? There had been enemies, criminals, workers—and these were rebels. Those rebellious heads looked very subdued to me on their sticks. ‘You don’t know how such a life tries a man like Kurtz,’ cried Kurtz’s last disciple. ‘Well, and you?’ I said. ‘I! I! I am a simple man. I have no great thoughts. I want nothing from anybody. How can you compare me to…?’ His feelings were too much for speech, and suddenly he broke down. ‘I don’t understand,’ he groaned. ‘I’ve been doing my best to keep him alive, and that’s enough. I had no hand in all this. I have no abilities. There hasn’t been a drop of medicine or a mouthful of invalid food for months here. He was shamefully abandoned. A man like this, with such ideas. Shamefully! Shamefully! I—I—haven’t slept for the last ten nights…’

    “His voice lost itself in the calm of the evening. The long shadows of the forest had slipped downhill while we talked, had gone far beyond the ruined hovel, beyond the symbolic row of stakes. All this was in the gloom, while we down there were yet in the sunshine, and the stretch of the river abreast of the clearing glittered in a still and dazzling splendour, with a murky and overshadowed bend above and below. Not a living soul was seen on the shore. The bushes did not rustle.

    “Suddenly round the corner of the house a group of men appeared, as though they had come up from the ground. They waded waist-deep in the grass, in a compact body, bearing an improvised stretcher in their midst. Instantly, in the emptiness of the landscape, a cry arose whose shrillness pierced the still air like a sharp arrow flying straight to the very heart of the land; and, as if by enchantment, streams of human beings—of naked human beings—with spears in their hands, with bows, with shields, with wild glances and savage movements, were poured into the clearing by the dark-faced and pensive forest. The bushes shook, the grass swayed for a time, and then everything stood still in attentive immobility.

    “‘Now, if he does not say the right thing to them we are all done for,’ said the Russian at my elbow. The knot of men with the stretcher had stopped, too, halfway to the steamer, as if petrified. I saw the man on the stretcher sit up, lank and with an uplifted arm, above the shoulders of the bearers. ‘Let us hope that the man who can talk so well of love in general will find some particular reason to spare us this time,’ I said. I resented bitterly the absurd danger of our situation, as if to be at the mercy of that atrocious phantom had been a dishonouring necessity. I could not hear a sound, but through my glasses I saw the thin arm extended commandingly, the lower jaw moving, the eyes of that apparition shining darkly far in its bony head that nodded with grotesque jerks. Kurtz—Kurtz—that means short in German—don’t it? Well, the name was as true as everything else in his life—and death. He looked at least seven feet long. His covering had fallen off, and his body emerged from it pitiful and appalling as from a winding-sheet. I could see the cage of his ribs all astir, the bones of his arm waving. It was as though an animated image of death carved out of old ivory had been shaking its hand with menaces at a motionless crowd of men made of dark and glittering bronze. I saw him open his mouth wide—it gave him a weirdly voracious aspect, as though he had wanted to swallow all the air, all the earth, all the men before him. A deep voice reached me faintly. He must have been shouting. He fell back suddenly. The stretcher shook as the bearers staggered forward again, and almost at the same time I noticed that the crowd of savages was vanishing without any perceptible movement of retreat, as if the forest that had ejected these beings so suddenly had drawn them in again as the breath is drawn in a long aspiration.

    “Some of the pilgrims behind the stretcher carried his arms—two shot-guns, a heavy rifle, and a light revolver-carbine—the thunderbolts of that pitiful Jupiter. The manager bent over him murmuring as he walked beside his head. They laid him down in one of the little cabins—just a room for a bed place and a camp-stool or two, you know. We had brought his belated correspondence, and a lot of torn envelopes and open letters littered his bed. His hand roamed feebly amongst these papers. I was struck by the fire of his eyes and the composed languor of his expression. It was not so much the exhaustion of disease. He did not seem in pain. This shadow looked satiated and calm, as though for the moment it had had its fill of all the emotions.

    “He rustled one of the letters, and looking straight in my face said, ‘I am glad.’ Somebody had been writing to him about me. These special recommendations were turning up again. The volume of tone he emitted without effort, almost without the trouble of moving his lips, amazed me. A voice! a voice! It was grave, profound, vibrating, while the man did not seem capable of a whisper. However, he had enough strength in him—factitious no doubt—to very nearly make an end of us, as you shall hear directly.

    “The manager appeared silently in the doorway; I stepped out at once and he drew the curtain after me. The Russian, eyed curiously by the pilgrims, was staring at the shore. I followed the direction of his glance.

    “Dark human shapes could be made out in the distance, flitting indistinctly against the gloomy border of the forest, and near the river two bronze figures, leaning on tall spears, stood in the sunlight under fantastic head-dresses of spotted skins, warlike and still in statuesque repose. And from right to left along the lighted shore moved a wild and gorgeous apparition of a woman.

    “She walked with measured steps, draped in striped and fringed cloths, treading the earth proudly, with a slight jingle and flash of barbarous ornaments. She carried her head high; her hair was done in the shape of a helmet; she had brass leggings to the knee, brass wire gauntlets to the elbow, a crimson spot on her tawny cheek, innumerable necklaces of glass beads on her neck; bizarre things, charms, gifts of witch-men, that hung about her, glittered and trembled at every step. She must have had the value of several elephant tusks upon her. She was savage and superb, wild-eyed and magnificent; there was something ominous and stately in her deliberate progress. And in the hush that had fallen suddenly upon the whole sorrowful land, the immense wilderness, the colossal body of the fecund and mysterious life seemed to look at her, pensive, as though it had been looking at the image of its own tenebrous and passionate soul.

    “She came abreast of the steamer, stood still, and faced us. Her long shadow fell to the water’s edge. Her face had a tragic and fierce aspect of wild sorrow and of dumb pain mingled with the fear of some struggling, half-shaped resolve. She stood looking at us without a stir, and like the wilderness itself, with an air of brooding over an inscrutable purpose. A whole minute passed, and then she made a step forward. There was a low jingle, a glint of yellow metal, a sway of fringed draperies, and she stopped as if her heart had failed her. The young fellow by my side growled. The pilgrims murmured at my back. She looked at us all as if her life had depended upon the unswerving steadiness of her glance. Suddenly she opened her bared arms and threw them up rigid above her head, as though in an uncontrollable desire to touch the sky, and at the same time the swift shadows darted out on the earth, swept around on the river, gathering the steamer into a shadowy embrace. A formidable silence hung over the scene.

    “She turned away slowly, walked on, following the bank, and passed into the bushes to the left. Once only her eyes gleamed back at us in the dusk of the thickets before she disappeared.

    “‘If she had offered to come aboard I really think I would have tried to shoot her,’ said the man of patches, nervously. ‘I have been risking my life every day for the last fortnight to keep her out of the house. She got in one day and kicked up a row about those miserable rags I picked up in the storeroom to mend my clothes with. I wasn’t decent. At least it must have been that, for she talked like a fury to Kurtz for an hour, pointing at me now and then. I don’t understand the dialect of this tribe. Luckily for me, I fancy Kurtz felt too ill that day to care, or there would have been mischief. I don’t understand…. No—it’s too much for me. Ah, well, it’s all over now.’

    “At this moment I heard Kurtz’s deep voice behind the curtain: ‘Save me!—save the ivory, you mean. Don’t tell me. Save me! Why, I’ve had to save you. You are interrupting my plans now. Sick! Sick! Not so sick as you would like to believe. Never mind. I’ll carry my ideas out yet—I will return. I’ll show you what can be done. You with your little peddling notions—you are interfering with me. I will return. I….’

    “The manager came out. He did me the honour to take me under the arm and lead me aside. ‘He is very low, very low,’ he said. He considered it necessary to sigh, but neglected to be consistently sorrowful. ‘We have done all we could for him—haven’t we? But there is no disguising the fact, Mr. Kurtz has done more harm than good to the Company. He did not see the time was not ripe for vigorous action. Cautiously, cautiously—that’s my principle. We must be cautious yet. The district is closed to us for a time. Deplorable! Upon the whole, the trade will suffer. I don’t deny there is a remarkable quantity of ivory—mostly fossil. We must save it, at all events—but look how precarious the position is—and why? Because the method is unsound.’ ‘Do you,’ said I, looking at the shore, ‘call it “unsound method?”’ ‘Without doubt,’ he exclaimed hotly. ‘Don’t you?’… ‘No method at all,’ I murmured after a while. ‘Exactly,’ he exulted. ‘I anticipated this. Shows a complete want of judgment. It is my duty to point it out in the proper quarter.’ ‘Oh,’ said I, ‘that fellow—what’s his name?—the brickmaker, will make a readable report for you.’ He appeared confounded for a moment. It seemed to me I had never breathed an atmosphere so vile, and I turned mentally to Kurtz for relief—positively for relief. ‘Nevertheless I think Mr. Kurtz is a remarkable man,’ I said with emphasis. He started, dropped on me a heavy glance, said very quietly, ‘he was,’ and turned his back on me. My hour of favour was over; I found myself lumped along with Kurtz as a partisan of methods for which the time was not ripe: I was unsound! Ah! but it was something to have at least a choice of nightmares.

    “I had turned to the wilderness really, not to Mr. Kurtz, who, I was ready to admit, was as good as buried. And for a moment it seemed to me as if I also were buried in a vast grave full of unspeakable secrets. I felt an intolerable weight oppressing my breast, the smell of the damp earth, the unseen presence of victorious corruption, the darkness of an impenetrable night…. The Russian tapped me on the shoulder. I heard him mumbling and stammering something about ‘brother seaman—couldn’t conceal—knowledge of matters that would affect Mr. Kurtz’s reputation.’ I waited. For him evidently Mr. Kurtz was not in his grave; I suspect that for him Mr. Kurtz was one of the immortals. ‘Well!’ said I at last, ‘speak out. As it happens, I am Mr. Kurtz’s friend—in a way.’

    “He stated with a good deal of formality that had we not been ‘of the same profession,’ he would have kept the matter to himself without regard to consequences. ‘He suspected there was an active ill-will towards him on the part of these white men that—’ ‘You are right,’ I said, remembering a certain conversation I had overheard. ‘The manager thinks you ought to be hanged.’ He showed a concern at this intelligence which amused me at first. ‘I had better get out of the way quietly,’ he said earnestly. ‘I can do no more for Kurtz now, and they would soon find some excuse. What’s to stop them? There’s a military post three hundred miles from here.’ ‘Well, upon my word,’ said I, ‘perhaps you had better go if you have any friends amongst the savages near by.’ ‘Plenty,’ he said. ‘They are simple people—and I want nothing, you know.’ He stood biting his lip, then: ‘I don’t want any harm to happen to these whites here, but of course I was thinking of Mr. Kurtz’s reputation—but you are a brother seaman and—’ ‘All right,’ said I, after a time. ‘Mr. Kurtz’s reputation is safe with me.’ I did not know how truly I spoke.

    “He informed me, lowering his voice, that it was Kurtz who had ordered the attack to be made on the steamer. ‘He hated sometimes the idea of being taken away—and then again…. But I don’t understand these matters. I am a simple man. He thought it would scare you away—that you would give it up, thinking him dead. I could not stop him. Oh, I had an awful time of it this last month.’ ‘Very well,’ I said. ‘He is all right now.’ ‘Ye-e-es,’ he muttered, not very convinced apparently. ‘Thanks,’ said I; ‘I shall keep my eyes open.’ ‘But quiet-eh?’ he urged anxiously. ‘It would be awful for his reputation if anybody here—’ I promised a complete discretion with great gravity. ‘I have a canoe and three black fellows waiting not very far. I am off. Could you give me a few Martini-Henry cartridges?’ I could, and did, with proper secrecy. He helped himself, with a wink at me, to a handful of my tobacco. ‘Between sailors—you know—good English tobacco.’ At the door of the pilot-house he turned round—‘I say, haven’t you a pair of shoes you could spare?’ He raised one leg. ‘Look.’ The soles were tied with knotted strings sandalwise under his bare feet. I rooted out an old pair, at which he looked with admiration before tucking it under his left arm. One of his pockets (bright red) was bulging with cartridges, from the other (dark blue) peeped ‘Towson’s Inquiry,’ etc., etc. He seemed to think himself excellently well equipped for a renewed encounter with the wilderness. ‘Ah! I’ll never, never meet such a man again. You ought to have heard him recite poetry—his own, too, it was, he told me. Poetry!’ He rolled his eyes at the recollection of these delights. ‘Oh, he enlarged my mind!’ ‘Good-bye,’ said I. He shook hands and vanished in the night. Sometimes I ask myself whether I had ever really seen him—whether it was possible to meet such a phenomenon!…

    “When I woke up shortly after midnight his warning came to my mind with its hint of danger that seemed, in the starred darkness, real enough to make me get up for the purpose of having a look round. On the hill a big fire burned, illuminating fitfully a crooked corner of the station-house. One of the agents with a picket of a few of our blacks, armed for the purpose, was keeping guard over the ivory; but deep within the forest, red gleams that wavered, that seemed to sink and rise from the ground amongst confused columnar shapes of intense blackness, showed the exact position of the camp where Mr. Kurtz’s adorers were keeping their uneasy vigil. The monotonous beating of a big drum filled the air with muffled shocks and a lingering vibration. A steady droning sound of many men chanting each to himself some weird incantation came out from the black, flat wall of the woods as the humming of bees comes out of a hive, and had a strange narcotic effect upon my half-awake senses. I believe I dozed off leaning over the rail, till an abrupt burst of yells, an overwhelming outbreak of a pent-up and mysterious frenzy, woke me up in a bewildered wonder. It was cut short all at once, and the low droning went on with an effect of audible and soothing silence. I glanced casually into the little cabin. A light was burning within, but Mr. Kurtz was not there.

    “I think I would have raised an outcry if I had believed my eyes. But I didn’t believe them at first—the thing seemed so impossible. The fact is I was completely unnerved by a sheer blank fright, pure abstract terror, unconnected with any distinct shape of physical danger. What made this emotion so overpowering was—how shall I define it?—the moral shock I received, as if something altogether monstrous, intolerable to thought and odious to the soul, had been thrust upon me unexpectedly. This lasted of course the merest fraction of a second, and then the usual sense of commonplace, deadly danger, the possibility of a sudden onslaught and massacre, or something of the kind, which I saw impending, was positively welcome and composing. It pacified me, in fact, so much that I did not raise an alarm.

    “There was an agent buttoned up inside an ulster and sleeping on a chair on deck within three feet of me. The yells had not awakened him; he snored very slightly; I left him to his slumbers and leaped ashore. I did not betray Mr. Kurtz—it was ordered I should never betray him—it was written I should be loyal to the nightmare of my choice. I was anxious to deal with this shadow by myself alone—and to this day I don’t know why I was so jealous of sharing with any one the peculiar blackness of that experience.

    “As soon as I got on the bank I saw a trail—a broad trail through the grass. I remember the exultation with which I said to myself, ‘He can’t walk—he is crawling on all-fours—I’ve got him.’ The grass was wet with dew. I strode rapidly with clenched fists. I fancy I had some vague notion of falling upon him and giving him a drubbing. I don’t know. I had some imbecile thoughts. The knitting old woman with the cat obtruded herself upon my memory as a most improper person to be sitting at the other end of such an affair. I saw a row of pilgrims squirting lead in the air out of Winchesters held to the hip. I thought I would never get back to the steamer, and imagined myself living alone and unarmed in the woods to an advanced age. Such silly things—you know. And I remember I confounded the beat of the drum with the beating of my heart, and was pleased at its calm regularity.

    “I kept to the track though—then stopped to listen. The night was very clear; a dark blue space, sparkling with dew and starlight, in which black things stood very still. I thought I could see a kind of motion ahead of me. I was strangely cocksure of everything that night. I actually left the track and ran in a wide semicircle (I verily believe chuckling to myself) so as to get in front of that stir, of that motion I had seen—if indeed I had seen anything. I was circumventing Kurtz as though it had been a boyish game.

    “I came upon him, and, if he had not heard me coming, I would have fallen over him, too, but he got up in time. He rose, unsteady, long, pale, indistinct, like a vapour exhaled by the earth, and swayed slightly, misty and silent before me; while at my back the fires loomed between the trees, and the murmur of many voices issued from the forest. I had cut him off cleverly; but when actually confronting him I seemed to come to my senses, I saw the danger in its right proportion. It was by no means over yet. Suppose he began to shout? Though he could hardly stand, there was still plenty of vigour in his voice. ‘Go away—hide yourself,’ he said, in that profound tone. It was very awful. I glanced back. We were within thirty yards from the nearest fire. A black figure stood up, strode on long black legs, waving long black arms, across the glow. It had horns—antelope horns, I think—on its head. Some sorcerer, some witch-man, no doubt: it looked fiendlike enough. ‘Do you know what you are doing?’ I whispered. ‘Perfectly,’ he answered, raising his voice for that single word: it sounded to me far off and yet loud, like a hail through a speaking-trumpet. ‘If he makes a row we are lost,’ I thought to myself. This clearly was not a case for fisticuffs, even apart from the very natural aversion I had to beat that Shadow—this wandering and tormented thing. ‘You will be lost,’ I said—‘utterly lost.’ One gets sometimes such a flash of inspiration, you know. I did say the right thing, though indeed he could not have been more irretrievably lost than he was at this very moment, when the foundations of our intimacy were being laid—to endure—to endure—even to the end—even beyond.

    “‘I had immense plans,’ he muttered irresolutely. ‘Yes,’ said I; ‘but if you try to shout I’ll smash your head with—’ There was not a stick or a stone near. ‘I will throttle you for good,’ I corrected myself. ‘I was on the threshold of great things,’ he pleaded, in a voice of longing, with a wistfulness of tone that made my blood run cold. ‘And now for this stupid scoundrel—’ ‘Your success in Europe is assured in any case,’ I affirmed steadily. I did not want to have the throttling of him, you understand—and indeed it would have been very little use for any practical purpose. I tried to break the spell—the heavy, mute spell of the wilderness—that seemed to draw him to its pitiless breast by the awakening of forgotten and brutal instincts, by the memory of gratified and monstrous passions. This alone, I was convinced, had driven him out to the edge of the forest, to the bush, towards the gleam of fires, the throb of drums, the drone of weird incantations; this alone had beguiled his unlawful soul beyond the bounds of permitted aspirations. And, don’t you see, the terror of the position was not in being knocked on the head—though I had a very lively sense of that danger, too—but in this, that I had to deal with a being to whom I could not appeal in the name of anything high or low. I had, even like the niggers, to invoke him—himself—his own exalted and incredible degradation. There was nothing either above or below him, and I knew it. He had kicked himself loose of the earth. Confound the man! he had kicked the very earth to pieces. He was alone, and I before him did not know whether I stood on the ground or floated in the air. I’ve been telling you what we said—repeating the phrases we pronounced—but what’s the good? They were common everyday words—the familiar, vague sounds exchanged on every waking day of life. But what of that? They had behind them, to my mind, the terrific suggestiveness of words heard in dreams, of phrases spoken in nightmares. Soul! If anybody ever struggled with a soul, I am the man. And I wasn’t arguing with a lunatic either. Believe me or not, his intelligence was perfectly clear—concentrated, it is true, upon himself with horrible intensity, yet clear; and therein was my only chance—barring, of course, the killing him there and then, which wasn’t so good, on account of unavoidable noise. But his soul was mad. Being alone in the wilderness, it had looked within itself, and, by heavens! I tell you, it had gone mad. I had—for my sins, I suppose—to go through the ordeal of looking into it myself. No eloquence could have been so withering to one’s belief in mankind as his final burst of sincerity. He struggled with himself, too. I saw it—I heard it. I saw the inconceivable mystery of a soul that knew no restraint, no faith, and no fear, yet struggling blindly with itself. I kept my head pretty well; but when I had him at last stretched on the couch, I wiped my forehead, while my legs shook under me as though I had carried half a ton on my back down that hill. And yet I had only supported him, his bony arm clasped round my neck—and he was not much heavier than a child.

    “When next day we left at noon, the crowd, of whose presence behind the curtain of trees I had been acutely conscious all the time, flowed out of the woods again, filled the clearing, covered the slope with a mass of naked, breathing, quivering, bronze bodies. I steamed up a bit, then swung down stream, and two thousand eyes followed the evolutions of the splashing, thumping, fierce river-demon beating the water with its terrible tail and breathing black smoke into the air. In front of the first rank, along the river, three men, plastered with bright red earth from head to foot, strutted to and fro restlessly. When we came abreast again, they faced the river, stamped their feet, nodded their horned heads, swayed their scarlet bodies; they shook towards the fierce river-demon a bunch of black feathers, a mangy skin with a pendent tail—something that looked a dried gourd; they shouted periodically together strings of amazing words that resembled no sounds of human language; and the deep murmurs of the crowd, interrupted suddenly, were like the responses of some satanic litany.

    “We had carried Kurtz into the pilot-house: there was more air there. Lying on the couch, he stared through the open shutter. There was an eddy in the mass of human bodies, and the woman with helmeted head and tawny cheeks rushed out to the very brink of the stream. She put out her hands, shouted something, and all that wild mob took up the shout in a roaring chorus of articulated, rapid, breathless utterance.

    “‘Do you understand this?’ I asked.

    “He kept on looking out past me with fiery, longing eyes, with a mingled expression of wistfulness and hate. He made no answer, but I saw a smile, a smile of indefinable meaning, appear on his colourless lips that a moment after twitched convulsively. ‘Do I not?’ he said slowly, gasping, as if the words had been torn out of him by a supernatural power.

    “I pulled the string of the whistle, and I did this because I saw the pilgrims on deck getting out their rifles with an air of anticipating a jolly lark. At the sudden screech there was a movement of abject terror through that wedged mass of bodies. ‘Don’t! don’t you frighten them away,’ cried some one on deck disconsolately. I pulled the string time after time. They broke and ran, they leaped, they crouched, they swerved, they dodged the flying terror of the sound. The three red chaps had fallen flat, face down on the shore, as though they had been shot dead. Only the barbarous and superb woman did not so much as flinch, and stretched tragically her bare arms after us over the sombre and glittering river.

    “And then that imbecile crowd down on the deck started their little fun, and I could see nothing more for smoke.

    “The brown current ran swiftly out of the heart of darkness, bearing us down towards the sea with twice the speed of our upward progress; and Kurtz’s life was running swiftly, too, ebbing, ebbing out of his heart into the sea of inexorable time. The manager was very placid, he had no vital anxieties now, he took us both in with a comprehensive and satisfied glance: the ‘affair’ had come off as well as could be wished. I saw the time approaching when I would be left alone of the party of ‘unsound method.’ The pilgrims looked upon me with disfavour. I was, so to speak, numbered with the dead. It is strange how I accepted this unforeseen partnership, this choice of nightmares forced upon me in the tenebrous land invaded by these mean and greedy phantoms.

    “Kurtz discoursed. A voice! a voice! It rang deep to the very last. It survived his strength to hide in the magnificent folds of eloquence the barren darkness of his heart. Oh, he struggled! he struggled! The wastes of his weary brain were haunted by shadowy images now—images of wealth and fame revolving obsequiously round his unextinguishable gift of noble and lofty expression. My Intended, my station, my career, my ideas—these were the subjects for the occasional utterances of elevated sentiments. The shade of the original Kurtz frequented the bedside of the hollow sham, whose fate it was to be buried presently in the mould of primeval earth. But both the diabolic love and the unearthly hate of the mysteries it had penetrated fought for the possession of that soul satiated with primitive emotions, avid of lying fame, of sham distinction, of all the appearances of success and power.

    “Sometimes he was contemptibly childish. He desired to have kings meet him at railway-stations on his return from some ghastly Nowhere, where he intended to accomplish great things. ‘You show them you have in you something that is really profitable, and then there will be no limits to the recognition of your ability,’ he would say. ‘Of course you must take care of the motives—right motives—always.’ The long reaches that were like one and the same reach, monotonous bends that were exactly alike, slipped past the steamer with their multitude of secular trees looking patiently after this grimy fragment of another world, the forerunner of change, of conquest, of trade, of massacres, of blessings. I looked ahead—piloting. ‘Close the shutter,’ said Kurtz suddenly one day; ‘I can’t bear to look at this.’ I did so. There was a silence. ‘Oh, but I will wring your heart yet!’ he cried at the invisible wilderness.

    “We broke down—as I had expected—and had to lie up for repairs at the head of an island. This delay was the first thing that shook Kurtz’s confidence. One morning he gave me a packet of papers and a photograph—the lot tied together with a shoe-string. ‘Keep this for me,’ he said. ‘This noxious fool’ (meaning the manager) ‘is capable of prying into my boxes when I am not looking.’ In the afternoon I saw him. He was lying on his back with closed eyes, and I withdrew quietly, but I heard him mutter, ‘Live rightly, die, die…’ I listened. There was nothing more. Was he rehearsing some speech in his sleep, or was it a fragment of a phrase from some newspaper article? He had been writing for the papers and meant to do so again, ‘for the furthering of my ideas. It’s a duty.’

    “His was an impenetrable darkness. I looked at him as you peer down at a man who is lying at the bottom of a precipice where the sun never shines. But I had not much time to give him, because I was helping the engine-driver to take to pieces the leaky cylinders, to straighten a bent connecting-rod, and in other such matters. I lived in an infernal mess of rust, filings, nuts, bolts, spanners, hammers, ratchet-drills—things I abominate, because I don’t get on with them. I tended the little forge we fortunately had aboard; I toiled wearily in a wretched scrap-heap—unless I had the shakes too bad to stand.

    “One evening coming in with a candle I was startled to hear him say a little tremulously, ‘I am lying here in the dark waiting for death.’ The light was within a foot of his eyes. I forced myself to murmur, ‘Oh, nonsense!’ and stood over him as if transfixed.

    “Anything approaching the change that came over his features I have never seen before, and hope never to see again. Oh, I wasn’t touched. I was fascinated. It was as though a veil had been rent. I saw on that ivory face the expression of sombre pride, of ruthless power, of craven terror—of an intense and hopeless despair. Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision—he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath:

    “‘The horror! The horror!’

    “I blew the candle out and left the cabin. The pilgrims were dining in the mess-room, and I took my place opposite the manager, who lifted his eyes to give me a questioning glance, which I successfully ignored. He leaned back, serene, with that peculiar smile of his sealing the unexpressed depths of his meanness. A continuous shower of small flies streamed upon the lamp, upon the cloth, upon our hands and faces. Suddenly the manager’s boy put his insolent black head in the doorway, and said in a tone of scathing contempt:

    “‘Mistah Kurtz—he dead.’

    “All the pilgrims rushed out to see. I remained, and went on with my dinner. I believe I was considered brutally callous. However, I did not eat much. There was a lamp in there—light, don’t you know—and outside it was so beastly, beastly dark. I went no more near the remarkable man who had pronounced a judgment upon the adventures of his soul on this earth. The voice was gone. What else had been there? But I am of course aware that next day the pilgrims buried something in a muddy hole.

    “And then they very nearly buried me.

    “However, as you see, I did not go to join Kurtz there and then. I did not. I remained to dream the nightmare out to the end, and to show my loyalty to Kurtz once more. Destiny. My destiny! Droll thing life is—that mysterious arrangement of merciless logic for a futile purpose. The most you can hope from it is some knowledge of yourself—that comes too late—a crop of unextinguishable regrets. I have wrestled with death. It is the most unexciting contest you can imagine. It takes place in an impalpable greyness, with nothing underfoot, with nothing around, without spectators, without clamour, without glory, without the great desire of victory, without the great fear of defeat, in a sickly atmosphere of tepid scepticism, without much belief in your own right, and still less in that of your adversary. If such is the form of ultimate wisdom, then life is a greater riddle than some of us think it to be. I was within a hair’s breadth of the last opportunity for pronouncement, and I found with humiliation that probably I would have nothing to say. This is the reason why I affirm that Kurtz was a remarkable man. He had something to say. He said it. Since I had peeped over the edge myself, I understand better the meaning of his stare, that could not see the flame of the candle, but was wide enough to embrace the whole universe, piercing enough to penetrate all the hearts that beat in the darkness. He had summed up—he had judged. ‘The horror!’ He was a remarkable man. After all, this was the expression of some sort of belief; it had candour, it had conviction, it had a vibrating note of revolt in its whisper, it had the appalling face of a glimpsed truth—the strange commingling of desire and hate. And it is not my own extremity I remember best—a vision of greyness without form filled with physical pain, and a careless contempt for the evanescence of all things—even of this pain itself. No! It is his extremity that I seem to have lived through. True, he had made that last stride, he had stepped over the edge, while I had been permitted to draw back my hesitating foot. And perhaps in this is the whole difference; perhaps all the wisdom, and all truth, and all sincerity, are just compressed into that inappreciable moment of time in which we step over the threshold of the invisible. Perhaps! I like to think my summing-up would not have been a word of careless contempt. Better his cry—much better. It was an affirmation, a moral victory paid for by innumerable defeats, by abominable terrors, by abominable satisfactions. But it was a victory! That is why I have remained loyal to Kurtz to the last, and even beyond, when a long time after I heard once more, not his own voice, but the echo of his magnificent eloquence thrown to me from a soul as translucently pure as a cliff of crystal.

    “No, they did not bury me, though there is a period of time which I remember mistily, with a shuddering wonder, like a passage through some inconceivable world that had no hope in it and no desire. I found myself back in the sepulchral city resenting the sight of people hurrying through the streets to filch a little money from each other, to devour their infamous cookery, to gulp their unwholesome beer, to dream their insignificant and silly dreams. They trespassed upon my thoughts. They were intruders whose knowledge of life was to me an irritating pretence, because I felt so sure they could not possibly know the things I knew. Their bearing, which was simply the bearing of commonplace individuals going about their business in the assurance of perfect safety, was offensive to me like the outrageous flauntings of folly in the face of a danger it is unable to comprehend. I had no particular desire to enlighten them, but I had some difficulty in restraining myself from laughing in their faces so full of stupid importance. I daresay I was not very well at that time. I tottered about the streets—there were various affairs to settle—grinning bitterly at perfectly respectable persons. I admit my behaviour was inexcusable, but then my temperature was seldom normal in these days. My dear aunt’s endeavours to ‘nurse up my strength’ seemed altogether beside the mark. It was not my strength that wanted nursing, it was my imagination that wanted soothing. I kept the bundle of papers given me by Kurtz, not knowing exactly what to do with it. His mother had died lately, watched over, as I was told, by his Intended. A clean-shaved man, with an official manner and wearing gold-rimmed spectacles, called on me one day and made inquiries, at first circuitous, afterwards suavely pressing, about what he was pleased to denominate certain ‘documents.’ I was not surprised, because I had had two rows with the manager on the subject out there. I had refused to give up the smallest scrap out of that package, and I took the same attitude with the spectacled man. He became darkly menacing at last, and with much heat argued that the Company had the right to every bit of information about its ‘territories.’ And said he, ‘Mr. Kurtz’s knowledge of unexplored regions must have been necessarily extensive and peculiar—owing to his great abilities and to the deplorable circumstances in which he had been placed: therefore—’ I assured him Mr. Kurtz’s knowledge, however extensive, did not bear upon the problems of commerce or administration. He invoked then the name of science. ‘It would be an incalculable loss if,’ etc., etc. I offered him the report on the ‘Suppression of Savage Customs,’ with the postscriptum torn off. He took it up eagerly, but ended by sniffing at it with an air of contempt. ‘This is not what we had a right to expect,’ he remarked. ‘Expect nothing else,’ I said. ‘There are only private letters.’ He withdrew upon some threat of legal proceedings, and I saw him no more; but another fellow, calling himself Kurtz’s cousin, appeared two days later, and was anxious to hear all the details about his dear relative’s last moments. Incidentally he gave me to understand that Kurtz had been essentially a great musician. ‘There was the making of an immense success,’ said the man, who was an organist, I believe, with lank grey hair flowing over a greasy coat-collar. I had no reason to doubt his statement; and to this day I am unable to say what was Kurtz’s profession, whether he ever had any—which was the greatest of his talents. I had taken him for a painter who wrote for the papers, or else for a journalist who could paint—but even the cousin (who took snuff during the interview) could not tell me what he had been—exactly. He was a universal genius—on that point I agreed with the old chap, who thereupon blew his nose noisily into a large cotton handkerchief and withdrew in senile agitation, bearing off some family letters and memoranda without importance. Ultimately a journalist anxious to know something of the fate of his ‘dear colleague’ turned up. This visitor informed me Kurtz’s proper sphere ought to have been politics ‘on the popular side.’ He had furry straight eyebrows, bristly hair cropped short, an eyeglass on a broad ribbon, and, becoming expansive, confessed his opinion that Kurtz really couldn’t write a bit—‘but heavens! how that man could talk. He electrified large meetings. He had faith—don’t you see?—he had the faith. He could get himself to believe anything—anything. He would have been a splendid leader of an extreme party.’ ‘What party?’ I asked. ‘Any party,’ answered the other. ‘He was an—an—extremist.’ Did I not think so? I assented. Did I know, he asked, with a sudden flash of curiosity, ‘what it was that had induced him to go out there?’ ‘Yes,’ said I, and forthwith handed him the famous Report for publication, if he thought fit. He glanced through it hurriedly, mumbling all the time, judged ‘it would do,’ and took himself off with this plunder.

    “Thus I was left at last with a slim packet of letters and the girl’s portrait. She struck me as beautiful—I mean she had a beautiful expression. I know that the sunlight can be made to lie, too, yet one felt that no manipulation of light and pose could have conveyed the delicate shade of truthfulness upon those features. She seemed ready to listen without mental reservation, without suspicion, without a thought for herself. I concluded I would go and give her back her portrait and those letters myself. Curiosity? Yes; and also some other feeling perhaps. All that had been Kurtz’s had passed out of my hands: his soul, his body, his station, his plans, his ivory, his career. There remained only his memory and his Intended—and I wanted to give that up, too, to the past, in a way—to surrender personally all that remained of him with me to that oblivion which is the last word of our common fate. I don’t defend myself. I had no clear perception of what it was I really wanted. Perhaps it was an impulse of unconscious loyalty, or the fulfilment of one of those ironic necessities that lurk in the facts of human existence. I don’t know. I can’t tell. But I went.

    “I thought his memory was like the other memories of the dead that accumulate in every man’s life—a vague impress on the brain of shadows that had fallen on it in their swift and final passage; but before the high and ponderous door, between the tall houses of a street as still and decorous as a well-kept alley in a cemetery, I had a vision of him on the stretcher, opening his mouth voraciously, as if to devour all the earth with all its mankind. He lived then before me; he lived as much as he had ever lived—a shadow insatiable of splendid appearances, of frightful realities; a shadow darker than the shadow of the night, and draped nobly in the folds of a gorgeous eloquence. The vision seemed to enter the house with me—the stretcher, the phantom-bearers, the wild crowd of obedient worshippers, the gloom of the forests, the glitter of the reach between the murky bends, the beat of the drum, regular and muffled like the beating of a heart—the heart of a conquering darkness. It was a moment of triumph for the wilderness, an invading and vengeful rush which, it seemed to me, I would have to keep back alone for the salvation of another soul. And the memory of what I had heard him say afar there, with the horned shapes stirring at my back, in the glow of fires, within the patient woods, those broken phrases came back to me, were heard again in their ominous and terrifying simplicity. I remembered his abject pleading, his abject threats, the colossal scale of his vile desires, the meanness, the torment, the tempestuous anguish of his soul. And later on I seemed to see his collected languid manner, when he said one day, ‘This lot of ivory now is really mine. The Company did not pay for it. I collected it myself at a very great personal risk. I am afraid they will try to claim it as theirs though. H’m. It is a difficult case. What do you think I ought to do—resist? Eh? I want no more than justice.’… He wanted no more than justice—no more than justice. I rang the bell before a mahogany door on the first floor, and while I waited he seemed to stare at me out of the glassy panel—stare with that wide and immense stare embracing, condemning, loathing all the universe. I seemed to hear the whispered cry, “The horror! The horror!”

    “The dusk was falling. I had to wait in a lofty drawing-room with three long windows from floor to ceiling that were like three luminous and bedraped columns. The bent gilt legs and backs of the furniture shone in indistinct curves. The tall marble fireplace had a cold and monumental whiteness. A grand piano stood massively in a corner; with dark gleams on the flat surfaces like a sombre and polished sarcophagus. A high door opened—closed. I rose.

    “She came forward, all in black, with a pale head, floating towards me in the dusk. She was in mourning. It was more than a year since his death, more than a year since the news came; she seemed as though she would remember and mourn forever. She took both my hands in hers and murmured, ‘I had heard you were coming.’ I noticed she was not very young—I mean not girlish. She had a mature capacity for fidelity, for belief, for suffering. The room seemed to have grown darker, as if all the sad light of the cloudy evening had taken refuge on her forehead. This fair hair, this pale visage, this pure brow, seemed surrounded by an ashy halo from which the dark eyes looked out at me. Their glance was guileless, profound, confident, and trustful. She carried her sorrowful head as though she were proud of that sorrow, as though she would say, ‘I—I alone know how to mourn for him as he deserves.’ But while we were still shaking hands, such a look of awful desolation came upon her face that I perceived she was one of those creatures that are not the playthings of Time. For her he had died only yesterday. And, by Jove! the impression was so powerful that for me, too, he seemed to have died only yesterday—nay, this very minute. I saw her and him in the same instant of time—his death and her sorrow—I saw her sorrow in the very moment of his death. Do you understand? I saw them together—I heard them together. She had said, with a deep catch of the breath, ‘I have survived’ while my strained ears seemed to hear distinctly, mingled with her tone of despairing regret, the summing up whisper of his eternal condemnation. I asked myself what I was doing there, with a sensation of panic in my heart as though I had blundered into a place of cruel and absurd mysteries not fit for a human being to behold. She motioned me to a chair. We sat down. I laid the packet gently on the little table, and she put her hand over it…. ‘You knew him well,’ she murmured, after a moment of mourning silence.

    “‘Intimacy grows quickly out there,’ I said. ‘I knew him as well as it is possible for one man to know another.’

    “‘And you admired him,’ she said. ‘It was impossible to know him and not to admire him. Was it?’

    “‘He was a remarkable man,’ I said, unsteadily. Then before the appealing fixity of her gaze, that seemed to watch for more words on my lips, I went on, ‘It was impossible not to—’

    “‘Love him,’ she finished eagerly, silencing me into an appalled dumbness. ‘How true! how true! But when you think that no one knew him so well as I! I had all his noble confidence. I knew him best.’

    “‘You knew him best,’ I repeated. And perhaps she did. But with every word spoken the room was growing darker, and only her forehead, smooth and white, remained illumined by the inextinguishable light of belief and love.

    “‘You were his friend,’ she went on. ‘His friend,’ she repeated, a little louder. ‘You must have been, if he had given you this, and sent you to me. I feel I can speak to you—and oh! I must speak. I want you—you who have heard his last words—to know I have been worthy of him…. It is not pride…. Yes! I am proud to know I understood him better than any one on earth—he told me so himself. And since his mother died I have had no one—no one—to—to—’

    “I listened. The darkness deepened. I was not even sure whether he had given me the right bundle. I rather suspect he wanted me to take care of another batch of his papers which, after his death, I saw the manager examining under the lamp. And the girl talked, easing her pain in the certitude of my sympathy; she talked as thirsty men drink. I had heard that her engagement with Kurtz had been disapproved by her people. He wasn’t rich enough or something. And indeed I don’t know whether he had not been a pauper all his life. He had given me some reason to infer that it was his impatience of comparative poverty that drove him out there.

    “‘… Who was not his friend who had heard him speak once?’ she was saying. ‘He drew men towards him by what was best in them.’ She looked at me with intensity. ‘It is the gift of the great,’ she went on, and the sound of her low voice seemed to have the accompaniment of all the other sounds, full of mystery, desolation, and sorrow, I had ever heard—the ripple of the river, the soughing of the trees swayed by the wind, the murmurs of the crowds, the faint ring of incomprehensible words cried from afar, the whisper of a voice speaking from beyond the threshold of an eternal darkness. ‘But you have heard him! You know!’ she cried.

    “‘Yes, I know,’ I said with something like despair in my heart, but bowing my head before the faith that was in her, before that great and saving illusion that shone with an unearthly glow in the darkness, in the triumphant darkness from which I could not have defended her—from which I could not even defend myself.

    “‘What a loss to me—to us!’—she corrected herself with beautiful generosity; then added in a murmur, ‘To the world.’ By the last gleams of twilight I could see the glitter of her eyes, full of tears—of tears that would not fall.

    “‘I have been very happy—very fortunate—very proud,’ she went on. ‘Too fortunate. Too happy for a little while. And now I am unhappy for—for life.’

    “She stood up; her fair hair seemed to catch all the remaining light in a glimmer of gold. I rose, too.

    “‘And of all this,’ she went on mournfully, ‘of all his promise, and of all his greatness, of his generous mind, of his noble heart, nothing remains—nothing but a memory. You and I—’

    “‘We shall always remember him,’ I said hastily.

    “‘No!’ she cried. ‘It is impossible that all this should be lost—that such a life should be sacrificed to leave nothing—but sorrow. You know what vast plans he had. I knew of them, too—I could not perhaps understand—but others knew of them. Something must remain. His words, at least, have not died.’

    “‘His words will remain,’ I said.

    “‘And his example,’ she whispered to herself. ‘Men looked up to him—his goodness shone in every act. His example—’

    “‘True,’ I said; ‘his example, too. Yes, his example. I forgot that.’

    “‘But I do not. I cannot—I cannot believe—not yet. I cannot believe that I shall never see him again, that nobody will see him again, never, never, never.’

    “She put out her arms as if after a retreating figure, stretching them back and with clasped pale hands across the fading and narrow sheen of the window. Never see him! I saw him clearly enough then. I shall see this eloquent phantom as long as I live, and I shall see her, too, a tragic and familiar Shade, resembling in this gesture another one, tragic also, and bedecked with powerless charms, stretching bare brown arms over the glitter of the infernal stream, the stream of darkness. She said suddenly very low, ‘He died as he lived.’

    “‘His end,’ said I, with dull anger stirring in me, ‘was in every way worthy of his life.’

    “‘And I was not with him,’ she murmured. My anger subsided before a feeling of infinite pity.

    “‘Everything that could be done—’ I mumbled.

    “‘Ah, but I believed in him more than any one on earth—more than his own mother, more than—himself. He needed me! Me! I would have treasured every sigh, every word, every sign, every glance.’

    “I felt like a chill grip on my chest. ‘Don’t,’ I said, in a muffled voice.

    “‘Forgive me. I—I have mourned so long in silence—in silence…. You were with him—to the last? I think of his loneliness. Nobody near to understand him as I would have understood. Perhaps no one to hear….’

    “‘To the very end,’ I said, shakily. ‘I heard his very last words….’ I stopped in a fright.

    “‘Repeat them,’ she murmured in a heart-broken tone. ‘I want—I want—something—something—to—to live with.’

    “I was on the point of crying at her, ‘Don’t you hear them?’ The dusk was repeating them in a persistent whisper all around us, in a whisper that seemed to swell menacingly like the first whisper of a rising wind. ‘The horror! The horror!’

    “‘His last word—to live with,’ she insisted. ‘Don’t you understand I loved him—I loved him—I loved him!’

    “I pulled myself together and spoke slowly.

    “‘The last word he pronounced was—your name.’

    “I heard a light sigh and then my heart stood still, stopped dead short by an exulting and terrible cry, by the cry of inconceivable triumph and of unspeakable pain. ‘I knew it—I was sure!’… She knew. She was sure. I heard her weeping; she had hidden her face in her hands. It seemed to me that the house would collapse before I could escape, that the heavens would fall upon my head. But nothing happened. The heavens do not fall for such a trifle. Would they have fallen, I wonder, if I had rendered Kurtz that justice which was his due? Hadn’t he said he wanted only justice? But I couldn’t. I could not tell her. It would have been too dark—too dark altogether….”

    Marlow ceased, and sat apart, indistinct and silent, in the pose of a meditating Buddha. Nobody moved for a time. “We have lost the first of the ebb,” said the Director suddenly. I raised my head. The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed sombre under an overcast sky—seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness.

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  • Speaking for Motivation: Top Traits of Successful Motivational Speakers

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    This article will do 2 things for you:

    1. Briefly talk about some common (but pretty funny) stereotypes of motivational speakers. We’ll take a look at a few real-life examples from the huge variety of motivational speakers on the circuit today.

    2. Give some great tips on how to give your own motivational speeches by exploring the top 6 key ingredients that successful motivational speakers have in common.

    The end goal of this article is to help empower you to create and deliver your own inspiring motivational speeches so that you can go forward and help others make positive changes in their own lives.

    SPEAK IT OUT LOUD

    When someone starts talking about motivational speakers, most people either:

    1. Bring up their own favourite speakers and share how said speaker(s) changed their life, or

    2. Roll their eyes and groan.

    … More often than not, people do the latter.

    When it comes to stereotypes, motivational speakers seem to get the blunt end of the stick. Often perceived as frantic, loud, and in-your-face, this type of public speaking commonly gets dismissed for being, well, all talk.

    However, there is a very definite (and growing) fan-base for motivational presentations. After all, the words of inspiration and insight that a truly good motivational speaker shares can create the kind of “a-ha” moments that truly resonate!

    Inciting positive changes for everything from kicking bad habits to pursuing your dreams and living the life you’ve imagined – quality speakers can motivate their audiences to realize the inner potential for success that lives within all of us.

    The fact is that a strong motivational speaker can be a real force to be reckoned with, regardless of what your own personal opinion of them may be!

    DIFFERENT SPEAKERS. DIFFERENT APPROACHES. SAME POINT.

    Truly good, established motivational speakers command some pretty decent coin – Tony Robbins, for example, charges at least $100,000 per engagement.

    The rationale for this is that good motivators can impact the lives of thousands in a single presentation, creating a literally exponential return on investment.

    But the tactics they use to inspire are often drastically different, so how do they all end up achieving the same impact?

    Let’s take a look at the very different styles of 3 top motivational speakers to figure this out.

    – Tony Robbins: Energetic Motivation

    Tony Robbins’ high-energy, high-volume, and high-audience participation presentations have inspired millions to pursue their dreams. He literally gets attendees out of their seats, hyped up and boldly yelling out affirmational mantras of success together.

    The end result is a crowd of inspired go-getters who are ready to “ask better questions, and as a result get better answers” – answers that will (hopefully) help them navigate the path to success and happiness.

    – Dr. Roberta Bondar: Intelligent Inspiration

    Other speakers, like the amazing and super smart astronaut Dr. Roberta Bondar, choose to share their motivational public speeches with more intimate audiences in specific niches and settings.

    Dr. Bondar’s approach is noticeably very different to Tony Robbins’; her presence and spoken words are significantly calmer and her talks tend to keep the decibels at more ear-friendly levels. But her message consistently inspires people to pursue their “peak performance potential” as she drops pearls of wisdom and dishes out food for thought.

    – Steve Rizzo: Hilariously Helpful

    Yet other speakers rely on comedy to deliver their message, like the hilarious Steve Rizzo. Having walked away from his career as a comedian who shared the stage with greats like Jerry Seinfeld and Rodney Dangerfield, Steve uses his sharp comedic timing to deliver messages of perseverance through adversity that inspire crowds to “live the dream.” For Steve, laughter is the best motivation.

    When you boil it all down, successful motivational speakers come in all shapes and styles – but they all manage to inspire their audiences to make positive, impactful changes in their lives.

    They do this by finding their own presentational style and playing to it. In figuring out what works best for them and using it to their advantage, they successfully add an air of authenticity to their talks. And this authenticity is crucial.

    After all, nobody wants to listen to someone who doesn’t earnestly, 1000% believe in what they’re preaching!

    Like top motivational speaker booking agent, Rich Libner of MCP Speakers, says when talking about his own roster of speakers on the circuit,

    “It’s important to remember that motivational speakers like Tony Robbins, Roberta Bondar, or Steve Rizzo are not much different from the rest of us. They all have fears, failures, difficulties, and dirty dishes.”

    So if they can speak to and inspire crowds of people, then you can too!

    WHAT TO SAY AND HOW TO SAY IT

    Believe it or not, there is a basic recipe for creating and delivering a successful motivational speech.

    No matter if you decide to use the over-the-top energetic approach of Mr. Robbins or the comedic delivery of Steve Rizzo, following these key ingredients will help you on your path to motivational speaking success.

    1. Tell a good story, and tell it well.

    Our evolutionary history has predisposed us to loving a good story.

    Consider this: Every known culture in human history has stories. From sitting by a fire and listening as elders tell stories of gods & monsters to buying a movie ticket and immersing ourselves in some epic cinematic experience – we, as a species, absolutely love a good story. We always have.

    Tap into this love to get and keep your audience’s attention. A good story uses a recognizable pattern to convey meaning, with the most common pattern being the classic failure-epiphany-struggle-success plot…

    Know it. Love it. Use it.

    1. Be clear with what you’re talking about.

    Nobody likes to hear someone yammer on with no easy-to-spot point. Much like Charlie Brown’s teacher, public speakers that drone on with no clear intent or purpose quickly lose their audience’s attention and become background noise.

    Keep it snappy and on-point. Let your audience know within the first 2 minutes why you’re talking to them and what you’re talking about. After that, make sure that every anecdote, story, and tip you tell directly relates back to your purpose for being there.

    In other words, give them a roadmap for what to expect from your presentation – and stick to it!

    1. Create your own buy-in.

    Picking up on point number 2, a good way of creating your own buy-in is to let your audience know what to expect from the get-go. Tony Robbins is a master of this, often starting his speaking presentations with the following formula:

    Today, I will talk to you about _______. I’m talking to you about it because ________. My goal at the end is to motivate you to ________ so that you can ________. [-> Enter engaging but simple question to cap your intro and spur audience participation here.]

    You don’t have to copy that exact formula, but hopefully you get the idea.

    After setting out your roadmap, one of the best ways of further fostering audience buy-in is by encouraging participation. There are more ways to encourage audience interaction than this article can list, but a key point is to make sure that the participation is guided and relevant (and safe!)

    For ideas on ways to foster positive audience participation, just Google “audience participation”.

    1. Stay positive.

    The #1 very best way to alienate your audience is by being a downer. This includes singling out someone to pick on throughout your presentation, relating horrible things that happened to people without providing a positive spin or ending, and generally being a low-energy Debbie downer.

    The key to motivation – especially motivational speaking – is to stay positive. People are paying attention to you because they’re after some sort of positive change, so stay positive with your motivational messaging!

    1. Offer a different way of looking at things.

    A fundamental ingredient to creating positive change is to alter the way you look at things.

    Like famous motivational speaker Wayne Dyer once said, “Change the way you look at things and the things you look at change.”

    … Pretty deep, right?

    It’s also 100% true. Psychologists and marketers alike have known for decades that the biggest way to effect positive change is foster a positive perspective. From addiction treatments to brand allegiance, the power of altering a person’s perspective is undeniable.

    Inspire your audience to look at things differently by sharing a different (and positive) lens through which to view life’s challenges and hardships.

    1. Practice. Practice. Practice.

    … Then practice some more.

    Polished motivational speeches don’t happen overnight and even top-notch motivational pros still flub every-so-often. Practice makes perfect though, so practice for perfection!

    MOTIVATING SUSTAINED MOTIVATION

    In the end, the most motivational part of any inspirational speech is what the audience chooses to do with what they’ve just heard. So help them make the right choice by using the above 6 tips the next time you decide to get up and speak sweet words of inspiration!

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    Source by Elizabeth McKeown

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  • Divorce – Done With Dignity and Respect

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    I’d like to think that with nearly 5 million divorces in the UK since the 1980s (about 150,000 per year) we’d be starting to hear stories of what worked and what didn’t when a couple went through their separation. I’d like to see a culture of sharing wisdom with the next generation; knowledge filtering out to men, women, families and lawyers about how best to navigate the divorce journey. I’d like to read in magazines and blogs, accounts of couples who put their children and wellbeing-for-all at the centre of their decision to shift from nuclear to extended family and that actually they made the subsequent life changes with ease and with a feeling of control and empowerment.

    As yet, I’m really not seeing that information making its way in the mainstream media, however, I am meeting more and more couples who want a respectfully separation and a working co-parenting relationship going forward.

    They’re in agreement that living together is not bringing out the best in themselves or their children

    They don’t want to invest £5000 – £25,000 in joint solicitor and lawyer fees when a divorce can be simply mediated and cost-effectively processed (and with the saved fees they can each holiday for a week in the sun!)

    Here are the Top 3 suggestions on how to go about a peaceful divorce process:

    1. Reject the myth of ‘divorce as a battle’

    Choosing to separate because a marriage is no longer the best working model for a partnership or for parenting can be very liberating. The tradition model is one of conflict and battle and even when a couple can see the sense in divorce, often by the time they’ve each hired a lawyer to ‘protect their best interests’, the subtle suggestions of ‘you could get more; you’ve been mistreated; your children might be taken away’ will drive a them into panic, blame and more legal-fee spending.

    A more peaceful and up-to-date way of divorcing is to plan for a series of conversations (difficult at first perhaps – but they get easier) based around a concept of ‘more for all and less to none’. A couple and their children (age appropriately) can all be involved in these. Over a number of weeks and months a respectful and clear plan and time frame begins to evolve. Once that’s defined for everyone and all are in agreement, only then does the formal paperwork and reasons get passed to a family lawyer to be filed through the courts.

    2. Manage your expectations: commit 6 months to the process

    The right mindset from the beginning is the trick to divorcing peacefully and in a reasonable time scale. There can be many mediated group and 1-2-1 conversations to be had during this time; each helping to clarify the wisest arrangements for both parties in relation to children, living arrangements, finances, work, re-training (if one parent requires extra support to up-skill to work for more income in the future), separation of possessions, holidays, pensions and future flexibility to re-negotiate the terms.

    Will the transition be painful? – it’s different for everyone, but probably. Keep in mind that it will ease in time (especially if couples priorities compassion) and then remaining in a dissatisfying marriage for another 1-5 years before you get to this point creates extended hurt anyway.

    3. Trust that conscious co-parenting is in your children’s best interest

    Children sense tension in a household even if they can’t put it into words. They can end up being emotionally better off in the long term once their parents agree to step up, communicate and make some changes. It might be that, through some mediated conversations, some new skills and knowledge are learned and a marriage takes on a new lease of life and everyone is happier (it happens!); and it could also be that separating whilst keeping the children’s best interests at the centre of the changes brings similar happiness over time too.

    For sure this is not a simple subject and relationships are different for everyone. Life is long and it’s a good principle to re-confirm that you have many choices of how the future can be.

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    Source by Jennifer Broadley

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  • Origin And Development Of Guidance And Counseling Practice In Tanzanian Schools

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    1.0. Overview

    1.1. Background and History of Guidance and Counseling in General in School Practice and other setting

    The history of school counseling formally started at the turn of the twentieth century, although a case can be made for tracing the foundations of counseling and guidance principles to ancient Greece and Rome with the philosophical teachings of Plato and Aristotle. There is also evidence to argue that some of the techniques and skills of modern-day guidance counselors were practiced by Catholic priests in the middle ages, as can be seen by the dedication to the concept of confidentiality within the confessional. Near the end of the sixteenth century, one of the first texts about career options appeared: The Universal Plaza of All the Professions of the World, (1626) written by Tomaso Garzoni quoted in Guez, W. & Allen, J. (2000). Nevertheless, formal guidance programs using specialized textbooks did not start until the turn of the twentieth century.

    Counseling is a concept that has existed for a long time in Tanzania. We have sought through the ages to understand ourselves, offer counsel and develop our potential, become aware of opportunities and, in general, help ourselves in ways associated with formal guidance practice. In most communities, there has been, and there still is, a deeply embedded conviction that, under proper conditions, people can help others with their problems. Some people help others find ways of dealing with, solving, or transcending problems as Nwoye, (2009) prescribed in his writings. In schools, presently if the collaboration between teachers and students is good, students learn in a practical way. Young people develop degrees of freedom in their lives as they become aware of options and take advantage of them. At its best, helping should enable people to throw off chains and manage life situations effectively. Unprecedented economic and social changes have, over the years, changed the ways in which we manage our lives. Consequently, not all the lessons of the past can effectively deal with the challenges of modern times. Effective counseling, especially in institutions of learning has now become important. Boys and girls, and young men and women, need to be guided in the relationships between health and the environment, earning skills, knowledge, and attitudes that lead to success and failure in life. The need for counseling has become paramount in order to promote the well-being of the child. Effective guidance and counseling should help to improve the self-image of young people and facilitate achievement in life tasks. Counseling should empower girls and boys to participate fully in, and benefit from, the economic and social development of the nation.

    2.0. Definitions of Concepts

    2.1. Guidance

    Guidance is an act of showing the way for some people, like adolescents, who cannot find the right path. It is directing, pointing, leading and accompanying. Guidance is saying “Yes” to someone who is asking for help. It is saying “Yes” to an invitation of someone who wants a temporary companion along life’s way.

    Guidance is giving directions to the lonely, confused, unloved, the suffering, the sick and the lost. It is pointing to some possibilities of thinking, feeling and acting. It is leading the person psychologically, emotionally and even spiritually to some newer ways of meaningful living. It is accompanying those who are fearful and uncertain, those who need someone along the rugged path of life’s journey.

    From an objective point of view, guidance is part and parcel of the counseling profession. It is called directive counseling. High school and even college students need guidance when they are unsure of what choices to make or what directions to take. The guidance counselor “opens up” a world of choices for these persons for them to choose from. It is like presenting the universe when all that a person sees is the lonely planet earth. The guidance counselor enlarges and widens the horizon of people who sees only a narrow path or a concealed view of that path. Thus, the focus is on possibilities and choices.

    Usually, guidance occurs in schools. High school and college students avail of guidance and counseling services in their school. More often, young people are unsure of what to do, how to react or respond, and how to act in certain choices. When this occurs, they need someone older, wiser and more experienced to show them the way, to guide them. This is the role of the guidance counselor to extend assistance when necessary to those who are confused, uncertain, and needing advice. However, some adults may need guidance too.

    2.2. Counseling:

    Counseling is guiding and more. It is a way of healing hurts. It is both a science and an art. It is a science because to offer counsel, advice or assistance, the counselor must have the knowledge of the basic principles and techniques of counseling. The counselor must be able to use any of these basic principles and techniques as paradigms in order for him to counsel well. However, it is not enough to use know these basic principles and techniques. The other important aspect is for the counselor to know how to counsel-the art of counseling. This aspect considers counseling as a relationship, as a sharing of life, in the hope that the person who is hurting will be healed. As a relationship, counseling involves the physical, emotional, and psychical or spiritual dimensions. The counselor must have the ability to relate to the counselee in an appropriate physical manner without being too intimate or too close for comfort or being too distant or aloof. The emotional dimension in counseling includes empathy, sensitivity and the ability to interpret non-verbal clues of the counselee in order to understand unresolved complexes or pent-up feelings. The psychical or spiritual dimension embraces the counselee’s “soul-content”—what lies inside. This is what is called the interiority of the person. The counselor must have the gift or grace of catching a glimpse of the interior world of the person, particularly his spiritual condition, for this is very important in healing the person’s hurts.

    2.3. Other Definitions of the Concepts

    Biswalo (1996) defines guidance as a term used to denote the process of helping an individual to gain self understanding and self direction (self decision-making) so that he can adjust maximally to his home, school or community environment. This process, however, depends on counseling. He also defines counseling as a process of helping an individual to accept and use information and advice so that he can either solve his present problem or cope with it successfully. He goes further remarking that sometimes the process helps the individual to accept unchangeable situation for example, loss of dearly loved ones and to some extent change it in its favour rather than letting himself be overcome by the situation. Guez and Allen (2000) remarked that it is difficult to think of a single definition of counseling. This is because definitions of counseling depend on theoretical orientation. Counseling is a learning-oriented process, which occurs usually in an interactive relationship, with the aim of helping a person learn more about the self, and to use such understanding to enable the person to become an effective member of society. Counseling is a process by means of which the helper expresses care and concern towards the person with a problem, and facilitates that person’s personal growth and brings about change through self-knowledge. Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person with a need. This relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes it may involve more than two people. It is designed to help people to understand and clarify their views, and learn how to reach their self-determined goals through meaningful, well-informed choices, and through the resolution of emotional or interpersonal problems. It can be seen from these definitions that counseling can have different meanings.

    3.0. Origin of Guidance and Counseling Practice in Pre-Colonial Era

    Counseling in Tanzania in different forms and with different interpretations, has existed in societies for a long time before colonial era. The differences and contradictions in present-day, have their origin in the social and historical forces that have shaped modern culture. In Tanzania people in all societies, and at all times, have experienced emotional or psychological distress and behavioural problems. In each culture, there have been well established ways and methods of helping individuals with their problems. However, there are no sufficient written sources about the origin of guidance and counseling practice in Tanzanian schools. But like other places before colonial era there were outstanding unique elements which held the societies together in their livelihood. The elements include the extended family system, including the clan and the tribe, chieftaincy, taboos, various forms of initiation and close links with ancestors and elders.

    The village is the focal point of society. While each one of these elements is important, only a few are used to illustrate the role of guidance and counseling in present-day Tanzanian societies. Basically, traditional chiefs had multiple roles which included serving as a symbol of authority and as a regulator. Since these roles were accepted and respected by all, there was a clear direction in the day-to-day affairs of society. The elders, the chief included, were a valuable source of guidance and counseling for boys and girls. In most cases, the chiefs were regarded as a vital link between ancestors and the present generation. This link was strengthened by the rituals, ceremonies and taboos attached to them. It was easy to guide and counsel the young, since the rituals or ceremonies were also aimed at preparation for adult roles in society. The extended family, the clan, and the village, made society supportive. No individual regarded him/herself as alien. Counseling was readily sought and provided. The forms of guidance and counseling involved were given advice and sharing wisdom.

    4.0. The Developments of Guidance and Counseling Practices in Tanzanian Schools

    4.1. Guidance and Counseling Practices in Tanzanian Schools Trends

    In realizing this perhaps, since we are thinking of the concepts in school setting, we should think the meaning of counseling in education discipline. One could think that the definitions given above on the term guidance and counseling, their meaning can be directed to education grounds and now give the meaning correctly. Guez and Allen (2000) pointed out that a term educational counseling was first coined by Truman Kelley in 1914 in Makinde, (1988), educational counseling is a process of rendering services to pupils who need assistance in making decisions about important aspects of their education, such as the choice of courses and studies, decisions regarding interests and ability, and choices of college and high school. Educational counseling increases a pupil’s knowledge of educational opportunities.

    The ever growing complexity of society in Tanzania, coupled with social problems like HIV/AIDS and the rapid development of science and technology, place heavy demands on education. The school, as an important social institution, was required to adapt quickly to changing patterns, and help prepare citizens for tomorrow’s challenges. That is where guidance and counseling in the educational system should help boys and girls alike, to develop their capacities to the full. These include intellectual, social, physical and moral capacities. This help is of the most important in Tanzania as long as the history and age of education provision and in its systems found today.

    Guidance and counseling practices development in Tanzanian schools can be traced back from the time when vocational education was emerging right at the colonial period. In the process of establishing counseling services in Tanzania, there was a need to first understand the underlying factors that influence people’s beliefs and perceptions about such practices. However, this is thought that was not taken in to consideration at the time and it may be up to recent time. It is especially important to understand the economic, socio-political, religious beliefs, customs and traditions, and cultural changes that are present in different regions of the country. Young people should be understood within this context, but also within the paradoxical situation of having to face the traditional and the modern world, but this is a big challenge to Tanzania and many developing African countries. During colonial period there were some form of vocational guidance under the career guidance and it was administered by career masters. But the career masters who were selected by the head of schools had no professional training in vocational guidance. In fact the duty was limited to helping students fill out employment forms and writing letters of application. In the missionary schools vocational guidance was confined to religious services. The teachers who were usually ‘fathers’, pastors, or reverends guided and trained spiritually inclined youths to become sisters, brothers, fathers and pastors upon their completion of formal education.

    Apart of what could be done in schools in Tanzania, guidance and counseling was more or less a private family affair. Parents and relatives counseled their children on all matters of life management and problem solving. It is true that in many families the duty of general guidance was the traditional duty of senior members of the family, father, mother, uncle, aunt, and grandparents. In case of serious personal or family problems, counseling was done by a specially organized by the community as a competent in handling that specific problem. This is done without any knowledge obtained from formal or informal school system but rather through experience and age wise through collected wisdom. This kind of early form of counseling from school setting and community helped the young to be brought into the bright image of living in the future to the society.

    4.2. Guidance and Counseling Practices in Tanzanian Schools in Post-colonial era

    In several literatures and sources, guidance and counseling in education sector in Tanzania and some other African countries is regarded as the youngest discipline. This is evidenced by First International Conference on Guidance, Counseling and Youth Development in Africa held in Nairobi, Kenya from 22nd to 26th April, 2002 which pointed out that the Guidance, Counseling and Youth Development Programme was initiated in Africa in April 1994, following the First Pan African Conference on the Education of Girls that was held in Ouagadougou in 1993. It is designed to introduce or strengthen guidance and counseling in African countries. It focuses on capacity building in the countries involved and provides training at both regional and national levels on issues of guidance and counseling of schools and colleges.

    What we can call professional guidance and counseling in Tanzania schools begin in the year 1984 following the National October 1984 Arusha Conference, where guidance and counseling services were endorsed by the government as and integral part of the country’s education system (Biswalo, 1996). The aim of the conference is to establish systematic criteria for secondary schools students’ guidance and counseling. Students were then advised, guided and counseled on matters concerning their job selection and student placement for further education. This job was assigned to career masters and mistresses as explained below, however, there were no sufficient guidance and counseling personnel not only in the responsible ministry but also in the schools.

    Guidance and Counseling is now becoming slowly institutionalized and spread in educational institutions. Schools, for example, have to a large extent taken over the task of providing psychological support to boys and girls. However Biswalo (1996) comments that in Tanzania policies pertinent to guidance and counseling is still lacking. The Ministry of Education, however, has somehow tried to institutionalize the services within the education system by appointing career masters and mistresses. He continued saying that the personnel are charged with the responsibility of advising heads of secondary schools concerning students job selection and student placement for further education; to try and help students understands and develop interest in appropriate jobs or further education or training; to asses the students talents and capabilities and to encourage them to pursue careers or further education best suited to them and to help students solve their personal problems which may affect their general progress in school.

    This is an impossible and realistic burden on these untrained personnel. It reflects the apathy of policy and decision makers regarding the new field of guidance and counseling in schools; the strength of the myth of planned manpower in which career guidance is erroneously regarded as redundant and the gross lack of trained personnel who would provide effective guidance and counseling services in schools. It is unfortunate that even after the National October 1984 Arusha Conference on the strengthening of education in Tanzania, where guidance and counseling services were endorsed by the government as and integral part of the country’s education system, the services are to-date still patchy and ineffective in Tanzania’s educational institutions. Guidance and counseling in this manner is discussed by different scholars in primary, secondary and tertiary education levels together.

    5.0. Guidance and Counseling Practices in Primary and Secondary Schools

    In primary school levels in Tanzania in actual fact there were and are no specified pupils’ teacher-counselors. However, the activity is left to teachers themselves to decide what is to be done since there is no programmed or time-tabled activity concerning guidance and counseling. Teachers are left to use part of the teaching to practice guidance and counseling in and outside the classroom although not all teachers have gone teacher-counselor training. As children enter school they need orientation on school itself, its environment, school community and the curriculum to motivate and develop positive attitude toward learning and school community as well (Biswalo, 1996). As the pupils grow older and pass through different grades they need to be directed in studying skills, overcome learning difficulties and other school related problems. But this activity is not performed systematically in primary schools in Tanzania.

    In the case of secondary schools till to-date there is also insufficient programmed or time-tabled system of guiding and counseling students. In some cases this duty is left to discipline masters and sometimes to class masters and head of schools. At secondary school level, students would seek educational opportunities, information of all kinds and any other help pertinent to educational pursuits. These needs are catered to by educational guidance and counseling (ibid). At this level students are helped with subject choice, study techniques and tests and examination. Biswalo (1996) pointed out that sometimes during subject choice, pride of placing as many students as possible in prestigious streams, such as science, takes precedence over actual abilities, interests and aptitudes of students. He said this unfortunate situation has been born out of the lack of genuine educational guidance and counseling services in secondary schools.

    The school has an important role to play in preparing pupils for continued secondary education, paid employment, self-employment and life in the community, as clearly set out by the Ministry of Education in the objectives for its secondary curriculum. Perhaps uniquely, there would be total agreement among pupils, teachers and parents over the relative emphasis a certain schools placed on the preparation for further education, with its focus on academic knowledge and the pursuit of success in the national examinations. That is, the secondary schools where counseling is not well performed placed little emphasis on citizenship and the development of a responsible attitude to life in the community at the local, regional or national level and employment opportunities. However, what is de-emphasized is the informal sector including self-employment but the emphasized is employment in the formal sector with its implied emphasis on white collar jobs.

    5.1. Vocational, Career Guidance and Counseling

    In Tanzania teachers have the capacity to directly influence their pupils’ choice of careers. The achievements and attitudes of pupils have been shown to be related to the characteristics and achievements of their teachers (World Bank, 1995; quoted in Nyutu, P.N. & Norman C.G. 2008). However, the influence of the school depends on the formal interactions and communication which take place between teachers and pupils in the classroom whereas television and radio, act through the informal interactions pupils have with these media. The influence of parents and siblings is through both formal and informal means.

    That is in most cases in Tanzania and may be other states where guidance and counseling is rarely done in schools; parents play the big role to influence on their children’s choice of careers. Others who have lower level careers i.e. teachers, clerks, drivers, personal secretaries, soldiers etc. do not anticipate their children ‘following in their footsteps’ because for the children who are able to study to higher level sometimes saw these jobs as narrow and lacking in interest. However it is suggested that parents’ occupation might have influenced their children’s choice of careers, but this happened to children who have generic skills useful in such jobs, and a few may have job skills relevant to those jobs. Access to information through the media and other forms of technology is giving young people aspirations that, for the most part, cannot be satisfied in their own environment. Choices have to be made and young people must acquire the skills to assess situations and make informed decisions. There is no longer a natural, understandable order from birth to adulthood for the Tanzanian young.

    Vocational guidance at secondary school levels is provided but in very few among others because of shortages of school or vocational trained counselors. For those lucky schools with these kinds of counselors, students are helped but vocational counseling is not emphasized because most pupils, teachers and of course parents push students to make long range plans of study so that to prepare well for the envisaged careers. These counselors plan with school administrators and teachers to provide appropriate class placement for students with special abilities or disabilities for course selection by students.

    5.2. Tertiary Level

    The tertiary level students are provided with orientation and other educational guidance and counseling. In Tanzania tertiary level have at least fulfilled the need of having qualified students’ counselors for both psychological and academics, though they are few in number. Here counselors play a big role in compiling comprehensive information on all aspects of the careers related to the training offered in the institution. Counselors sometimes integrate with administration or practicum department to organize field practices for students and even more rarely might contacts with relevant employing agencies (Biswalo, 1996).

    6.0. Notion on Guidance and Counseling in Tanzania

    According to the research by Sima (2004), professional counseling is yet to be recognized as a stand-alone profession in Tanzania and in many African countries. Nevertheless, the coming and setting of HIV/Aids in the country has strengthened the base for counseling. This is particularly because of the multifaceted nature of the HIV/Aids pandemic whose attention, unlike other human diseases, goes beyond the prerogatives of the medical profession. Thus, counseling is perceived as a crucial avenue for prevention of HIV infection through provision of adequate and relevant information, and for social and psychological support of people infected and affected by the pandemic. Ibid continued saying that since the emergence of the pandemic in the country, a number of non-governmental organizations have been offering counseling services however, there is lack of clarity on the type and nature of counseling services offered by these organization. The nature and characteristics of counseling clients also remain fuzzy.

    In Tanzania the professional counseling as aforesaid is relatively a new phenomenon. Outwater (1995) quoted in Sima (2004) comments that before HIV/Aids epidemic, there was no formal counseling service in Tanzanian hospitals, no professional counselors and no formal system for training counselors. There was a need to fill this gap by training as many counselors as possible to provide optimal care for AIDS patients and their relatives (NACP, 1989; quoted in ibid). Since then many para-professional counselors have been trained in basic knowledge and skills of counseling. Currently there are many counseling centers working not only on HIV/Aids related problems but also different problems affecting Tanzanians. However, as counseling became popular with the advent of HIV/Aids, many people assume that it is only meant for people infected and affected by HIV/Aids and shy away from it for fear of being labeled (Sima, 2002; quoted in Sima 2004).

    7.0. Problems and Challenges

    The Tanzanian government have not yet formulated in the education policy issues pertaining guidance and counseling in spite of the crucially and necessity in schools. Biswalo (1996) pointed out that in Tanzania policies pertinent to guidance and counseling is still lacking. He continued saying that efforts directed towards fulfilling guidance and counseling needs are apparently thwarted by several difficulties including financial resources to support the even established tiny counseling activities in several schools.

    In Tanzania till today counseling is relatively new phenomenon. There are no enough qualified counselors in schools and other education institutions. However, there are limited number of qualified counselors, they are either not utilized well in schools or they are engaged in other activities rather than what they are trained for. Some of school counselors are also teachers and they are fully occupied with teaching responsibilities. More surprisingly counseling is perceived as a crucial avenue for only prevention of HIV infection through provision of adequate and relevant information, and for social and psychological support of people infected and affected by the HIV/Aids (Sima, 2004).

    There is slow growth of guidance and counseling in educational systems attributed to lack of funds, training facilities, and high turnover of guidance counselors to green pastures and in adequately trained counselors. For instance in many schools they lack counseling offices, trained teacher-counselors and counseling equipments. In terms of funds there are various options that can be explored to alleviate financial constraints. Special schools on behalf of parents in need can approach non-governmental organizations.

    The absence of solid professional counseling association in Tanzania to set standards for the appropriate practice is another challenge (Nwoye, 2008). Also insufficient availability of professional counselor training programs in Tanzanian colleges and universities is another contributing challenge.

    There are no efforts to establish counseling curriculum in secondary schools and colleges and guidance and counseling courses in the universities. Guidance curriculum and responsive services can then be structured to address the five content areas, namely human relationships, career development, social values, self development, and learning skills. A guidance curriculum could be taught to students at different levels or in small groups to address issues that are similar to them. For guidance and counseling programs to be effective in Tanzania, trained professionals should be employed to manage and offer services in schools. Such professionals should also be provided with relevant facilities and structural support. At the same time, universities and teacher training institutions will have to establish and develop programs that train professional school counselors and other guidance personnel.

    There is still insufficient assistance in higher education institutions to enable students achieves their career aspirations. However, students today indicate a higher need for career guidance than students in the past decade. Students may therefore be encountering an increased need to acquire relevant career information that will enable them seek better paid jobs. Many schools have in the past appointed some teachers as career masters without providing them with the necessary training and facilities for career guidance. Such career masters usually assume that all students will end up in universities and only focus on helping students complete university application forms and no more. It is the high time for the government to set and implement the policy that will enhance guidance and counseling from primary schools to the tertiary level and in turn will develop programs that train professional school counselors and other guidance personnel.

    8.0. Conclusion

    Guidance and counseling sought to prepare pupils in their schooling program to enter into the world of appropriate work by linking the school curriculum to employment. For the school to be successful in this endeavor, subjects should be taught at a pleasant and convenient environment and should be made relevant and interesting to the pupils. Another factor that needs to be considered is the recruitment of competent teachers capable of guiding and counseling learners in relating what they teach to the job market. What is taught and how it is taught can have great influence on the interest and perception of learners. In Tanzania the spirit to plan and use guidance and counseling services in the effective development and utilization of their respective young human resources is evidently strong. However, as Biswalo (1996) said the efforts directed towards fulfilling this need are apparently thwarted by several difficulties. It appears total and enlightened commitment on the part of policy and decision makers is necessary and should be definitely surmount the problems.

    The emergence of career development in western countries as a construct suggests that it may be an essential area in developing country like Tanzania where students need assistance; students particularly need assistance in selecting colleges and courses. To this end, the schools should offer a career guidance and counseling programme under the able leadership of qualified school counselors.

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    Source by Eugene Shayo

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    Imagine taking a physical step too long for your leg. One thing is certain and that is, you will fall. Motivational speakers tell us that there is nothing we cannot do if we put our mind to it. Or as they like to put it, “if you can conceive it in your mind,and believe it in your heart, you can achieve it in your life”. But that is an exageration of truth. You and I know that whereas the mind is limitless in what it can conceive, our human ability is limited in what it can achieve. Truth be told, we can do many things but we cannot do everything. And wisdom is knowing the difference between what is feasible for us to do and what is foolish of us to do. And it all comes down to knowing yourself. This is not in any way to discourage you. On the contrary it’s to say that if a gap is too wide for you to step over, you should leap over it. And if you can’t leap over, you should put a plank or build a bridge over it. And if that also proves impossible or unhelpful you should develop a machine, like an aircraft to get across it. Be energized! #TagAFriendToReadThis! #AfricanProverb

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