A study of brain cells in a dish adds to growing evidence that Alzheimer’s disease can be caused by herpes viruses, but antiviral treatment may help stop it
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With social media, newspapers and politicians all espousing unverified covid-19 findings, use these seven signs to tell if a study should be treated with caution
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Indonesia recently completed the last of its annual large-scale treatment for lymphatic filariasis (also known as elephantiasis or Penyakit Kaki Gajah) in Malaka District located in its southernmost province, East Nusa Tenggara. Unprecedented
progress by the National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme has strongly placed the country on the path to achieving the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.
“We reached an estimated number of 40.7 million people living in the 118 high-risk districts during this month-long treatment campaign in October 2019” said Dr Anung Sugihantono, who recently retired as Director General of Diseases
Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health Indonesia. “Single doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate and albendazole facilitated by WHO were delivered to all eligible populations.”
In 2010, an estimated 125 million Indonesians were still at risk of the disease and required treatment.
But things changed considerably in 2015 when Indonesia mounted an annual national campaign to resolutely address transmission of the disease and to tackle the morbidity and disability associated with it. The results were apparent as early as 2017, with
remarkable progress.
In Indonesia, LF is considered a significant public health concern. In 2009, risk mapping identified a population of 124.5 million people needing treatment for LF. The country initiated a national level LF elimination campaign in 2015, addressing both
disease prevention and management.
“In 2017 and in just two years we managed to achieve 100% geographical coverage of all people requiring treatment” said Dr Sugihantono. “It meant achieving more than 78% epidemiological coverage – much higher than the generally recommended 65% to stop transmission.”
Transmission of lymphatic filariasis can be stopped through large-scale treatment (or mass drug administration – MDA) of entire at- risk communities with recommended medicines once a year. These medicines kill the microfilariae in an infected patient’s
blood preventing mosquitoes to transmit1 the disease to others. Through mass treatment, the aim is to reduce the reservoir of microfilariae in the blood to a level insufficient to maintain transmission by the mosquito vector.
This strategy to interrupt transmission is the corner-stone of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). Indonesia has been using the GPELF’s strategy since 2002 using a district or city
as its implementation unit.
In 2005, it listed the elimination of LF as a national priority for controlling infectious diseases and the medicines it has been using in large-scale treatment programmes are diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) and albendazole2 which are
largely distributed by volunteer community health workers3.
“Community health volunteers are themselves members of the community and know how to reach people effectively to improve compliance” said Dr. Stefanus Bria Seran, the Regent of Malaka District, one of LF endemic district in Indonesia. “Besides ensuring every single person ingests the medicine given to them, these community workers help in disseminating information well before a large-scale treatment campaign and also assist in reporting activities related to each treatment campaign”.
Indonesia’s efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis began in the 1970s but faced numerous challenges including programme coordination in the many inhabited islands, conducting information, education and awareness programmes, lack of capacity and
insufficient medicines.
Furthermore, the situation in Indonesia is unusual than in many other countries endemic for lymphatic filariasis as the country is endemic for all three species of thread-like filarial worms – Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti –
that cause the disease. Most of the infections in Indonesia, however, are caused by B. malayi.
In the past, some of the factors that prevented access to the medicines (DEC and albendazole) were social stigmatization linked to the disease, the vast geography of the territory and challenges in reaching remote populations.
With an estimated population of 242 million, Indonesia is the world’s largest island nation and consists of approximately 17,000 islands, of which 5,000–6,000 are inhabited. It is the fourth most populated nation behind China, India, and the United
States.
Indonesia is endemic for many other neglected tropical diseases and an estimated 110 million Indonesians are believed to suffer from at least one neglected tropical disease (NTD), including lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections.
Leptospirosis (not classified as NTD) is also widespread.
Indonesia is the only country of WHO’s South East Asia Region with endemic schistosomiasis. Like many other countries of the Region, it also faces recurrent threats of dengue outbreaks.
The world has made significant progress towards the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.
Sixteen countries4 and one territory are now acknowledged by WHO to have achieved elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.
Seven additional countries have successfully implemented recommended strategies, stopped large-scale treatment and are under surveillance to demonstrate that elimination has been achieved.
Lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with parasitic worms living in the lymphatic system. The larval stages of the parasite (microfilaria) circulate in the blood and are transmitted from person to person by mosquitoes.
Infection involves asymptomatic, acute, and chronic conditions. Most infections are asymptomatic, showing no external signs while contributing to transmission of the parasite. Although asymptomatic, these infections still cause damage to the lymphatic
system and the kidneys and alter the body’s immune system.
When lymphatic filariasis develops into chronic conditions it leads to lymphoedema (tissue swelling) or elephantiasis (skin/tissue thickening) of limbs and hydrocele (scrotal swelling). Involvement of breasts and genital organs are common.
Manifestation of the disease after infection takes time and can result in an altered lymphatic system, causing abnormal enlargement of body parts, and leading to severe disability and social stigmatization of those affected.
1Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted by different types of mosquitoes – e.g the Culex mosquito which widespread across urban and semi-urban areas; Anopheles, mainly found in rural areas; and, Aedes, mainly
in endemic islands in the Pacific.
2In 2017, WHO recommended an alternative three drug treatment to accelerate the global elimination of lymphatic filariasis. The treatment, known as IDA, involves a combination of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine citrate and albendazole.
It is recommended annually in settings where its use is expected to have the greatest impact.
3Community health workers, also called ‘cadres’, are volunteers who form part of the communities they serve and work with local
communities to educate families. Their contribution in promoting health has been significant in the country.
4Cambodia, The Cook Islands, Egypt, Kiribati, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Niue, Palau, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, and Yemen
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New research from the Global Maternal Sepsis Study (GLOSS), a major WHO/HRP initiative, shows that infection has a much larger impact on global maternal mortality and morbidity than previously thought.
The
results from GLOSS, published in The Lancet Global Health, are the first to provide data on frequency of maternal infections and
sepsis across the pregnancy and post-pregnancy period, in a large number of health facilities around the world.
Around 11 women per 1000 live births had an infection which resulted in or contributed to what is known as a severe maternal outcome – either they died or nearly died – during their hospitalization.
Urgent improvement is needed to manage this life-threatening risk faced by all pregnant and recently pregnant women, wherever they are in the world.
Maternal sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs during pregnancy, child-birth, post-abortion or the postpartum period.
The latest global estimates place sepsis due to obstetric infections as the third most common cause of maternal mortality. However, this only includes infections as a direct result of pregnancy, such as endometritis or post-caesarean wound infections.
Few
previous studies include post-abortion infections. Neither do they address indirect infections such as respiratory and meningitis, which are aggravated by pregnancy but not directly caused by it.
GLOSS was a massive facility-based data collection effort led by WHO, accompanied by a ‘STOP SEPSIS!’ campaign to increase awareness among healthcare providers.
The study gathered data on women who were admitted with suspected or confirmed infection during pregnancy or post-pregnancy over a one-week period in 2017. More than 2800 women participated in the study in 52 countries.
GLOSS included healthcare facilities that care for women during pregnancy, childbirth or at the end of pregnancy, as well as facilities without maternity service but where women could be hospitalized during or after pregnancy, and data on infections
which are not usually recorded as maternal sepsis, including post-abortion and indirect infections.
The result is a more complete understanding of the frequency and impact of maternal infections in health facilities.
GLOSS calls attention not only to the wider range of risks faced by pregnant women but also to the long period of time during which they are at risk.
Overall, around 70 pregnant or recently-pregnant women per 1000 live births were found to have a maternal infection needing hospital management.
Across the study, 11 women with either direct or indirect infection per 1000 live births developed a severe maternal outcome, but in low- and middle-income countries up to 15 women per 1000 births were affected.
Infections were the underlying cause of most of the deaths recorded during the study, primarily post-abortion infection and indirect infections. Infections were also present in about a third of deaths attributed to other causes, such as postpartum
haemorrhage.
This suggests that the contribution of infection to global maternal mortality and morbidity may be larger than current reports of maternal sepsis mortality suggest.
Some of the most common maternal infections found in the study, such as urinary tract infections, post-caesarean and post-abortion infections, are largely preventable and treatable.
GLOSS results suggest that current levels of monitoring and clinical care across health facilities are not enough to prevent, identify and treat levels of maternal infection effectively.
For instance, a complete set of vital signs was not reported for a third of the women in the study, on the day their infection was suspected or diagnosed. Delays in antimicrobial therapy were frequent.
GLOSS also shows marked differences across countries, with the highest burden in low- and middle-income countries, compared with high-income countries.
This may reflect the impact of broader health determinants in different country contexts. Challenges of overcrowding, limited access to water and sanitation and constraints to safe births by skilled birth attendants can reduce the ability of healthcare
providers to manage the frequency and outcome of maternal infections.
GLOSS gives healthcare providers, policy-makers, and the public at large an opportunity: to mobilise around these data improve evidence-based practice, and save lives.
WHO has produced a number of resources which can support timely action to prevent, diagnose and treat maternal infection, as well as activities such as the upcoming SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands campaign
on 5 May which celebrates the central role played by nurses and midwives in clean health care.
In addition, WHO will publish a global sepsis epidemiology report around the 73rd World Health Assembly (WHA) in May, as requested in the
2017
WHA Resolution on Improving the prevention, diagnosis and clinical managementof sepsis.
Understanding why and how infection affects women is essential for equipping healthcare providers with life-saving knowledge and enabling health care systems to bring down global maternal mortality and morbidity.
WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of maternal peripartum infections
WHO Clinical practice handbook for safe abortion
Global guidelines on the prevention of surgical site infection
WHO statement on maternal sepsis
Infection Prevention and Control
SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands 5 May 2020
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NEW YORK: One medical worker called it “insane”, another said it induces paranoia – the speed with which patients are dying from the novel coronavirus is shocking even veteran doctors and nurses as they scramble to determine how to stop such sudden deterioration.
Patients “look fine, feel fine, then you turn around and they’re unresponsive”, said Diana Torres, a nurse at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, the epicentre of the pandemic in the US where the virus has infected nearly 430,000 people and caused more than 14,700 deaths.
“I’m paranoid, scared to walk out of their rooms.”
It isn’t just the elderly or patients with underlying health conditions, who can be fine one minute, and at death’s door the next.
It can happen for the young and healthy, too, health professionals told Reuters.
A young woman died unexpectedly while nurse Laurie Douglas was on duty at Our Lady of the Lake Hospital in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
After 34 years on the job, Douglas said she normally has “an intuition of who is going to fade and who may improve”.
“But these people are throwing that out the window.
“Last week, she was planning her wedding.
“This week, her family is planning her funeral,“ she said, referring to the deceased patient.
Patients might enter the hospital with strong oxygen levels and be engaged in happy conversation, said a resident emergency doctor at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, only to be “gasping for breath” and intubated a few hours later.
“The scary thing is there are no rules to it,“ the resident said on condition of anonymity.
These scenes are playing out everywhere as Covid-19 has infected more than 1.4 million worldwide and killed more than 85,000 as of Wednesday.
The quick turns for the worse are likely products of an “overly exuberant” reaction by the immune system as it fights the virus, said Dr Otto Yang, an infectious disease specialist at the UCLA Medical Centre in Los Angeles.
Called a cytokine storm, it occurs when the body overproduces immune cells and their activating compounds – cytokines – causing dangerously high blood pressure, lung damage and organ failure.
Emily Muzyka, 25, a nurse in the New York suburbs, said she reached her breaking point last week, when a relatively healthy 44-year-old woman needed sudden intubation.
“I had a meltdown that night,“ she said.
“I cried to my boyfriend.”
Intubation refers to inserting a tube into the mouth and through the airway of a Covid-19 patient struggling to breathe, so they can be hooked to a mechanical ventilator.
Journalist Anick Jesdanun, who was in good health and had run 83 marathons, died last week from Covid-19, according to a post on Facebook by his cousin Prinda Mulpramook.
Jesdanun, who was 51, at first didn’t need hospitalisation, according to the post.
He had begun to recover and showed clear lungs and strong vital signs during a doctor’s visit in late March. But “a sudden setback” sent him to the emergency room on April 1, and “13 hours later we lost him”, Mulpramook wrote.
A nurse at Mount Sinai’s intensive care unit recalled watching patients’ kidneys quickly shut down, adding that many require intravenous drips of the blood thinner Heparin.
“It’s insane how sick they get, how quickly.
“We’re really trying hard to figure out how to treat them.”
Some of those hospitals are experimenting with unproven drugs in hopes of helping patients, including the anti-malaria medication hydroxychloroquine.
“We’re essentially throwing the kitchen sink at these patients,“ a doctor said.
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There is no better warning about the growing confusion that seems to be gradually beclouding the federal government’s response to the coronavirus challenge than the belief it betrayed last week that, perhaps, all it needs to calm the fears and apprehensions of Nigerians about its ability to halt the spread of the virus is to reel out a catalogue of activities President Buhari was said to have undertaken so far concerning the pestilence, whether the people felt their impact or not.
Now, if your family is starving badly, do you solve the rumbling signs of biting hunger in their stomach with some wild tales of the efforts deployed by you so far to feed them, or just keep quiet, give them food, and they will see and feel for themselves that you have played your role responsively and effectively? Or if you must talk, tell them something you have done whose benefits they can readily verify and identify with.
Indeed, some Nigerians are beginning to achieve the conviction that there must be something about being in government in this country that seems to diminish the reasoning ability of people once they get in there and deprives them of the capacity to realize when they have stopped making sense or even become downright annoying. This is very pathetic.
And so, last week, presidential spokesperson, Mr. Femi Adesina, issued a document entitled: “COVID-19: What President Buhari Has Done And Is Doing.” And, I suppose that with the release of that handout, the virus immediately received a deadly blow and vanished from the country! Aren’t we so blessed? Why then are Nigerians not on the streets celebrating the unprecedented feat?
A prominent item on Mr. Adesina’s list is the president’s March 29 broadcast. And what exactly did the broadcast achieve? The two things I can readily remember now is that Gen Buhari had announced the continuation of the school feeding programme for pupils who are all at home now due to the closure of schools as part of the efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus. Probably, nobody remembered to inform him and his speech writers that school children were on compulsory holidays, or are they going to send the food to them in their homes? Or, perhaps, somebody is trying to find a justification for the billions of naira we will be informed later was spent on the exercise?
Also, the president proclaimed the lockdown of Lagos and Ogun states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). And when he was through, he returned to his hideout – where only a few privileged eyes and ears see and hear from him, and then come out to tell us what they think he has said or done.
Now, what exactly was the lockdown meant to achieve? Okay, as social interactions are reduced, the chances of spreading the virus decrease. Yes, but what else? Has anyone seen any evidence that there were any plans to use the stay-at-home period to access the people and step up medical tests to determine how many people have become infected with the virus and how they could be attended to?
The government that was boasting that it was “adequately prepared” to tackle the virus was later to prove when the virus eventually arrived that it was only making empty claims as usual. A country of 200 million people has yet to demonstrate any capacity to test even a reasonable fraction of one percent of her population. And somebody is publishing a document to tell us what the president was supposed to have done or is doing. As if such boring tales will remove the cloud of gloom hovering over Nigeria?
Again, in a country where electric power is just an unaffordable luxury for many, how can a leader just lock down some states and return to his hideout to continue his “vacation” that was rudely interrupted by the loud, persistent and widespread demands that he should address his country even though some other presidents were doing daily briefings and leading the war against the virus from the front? As the markets closed and movements became restricted, how are those who could afford to buy and stock food items at home preserve them without electric power?
What of the greater population which depend on daily earnings for their survival? What is the government’s plan for them? Okay, we are hearing of palliatives that have been extended to this category of people and the billions of naira that have already been transferred to their accounts? Now, who has encountered the happy recipients of the twenty thousand naira (N20, 000) said to have been given to each of them? Are there really existing data showing the social and economic status of every Nigerian which is in the possession of the authorities? So, all the “poor and vulnerable” Nigerians now have bank accounts whose details are known to the government? So, why then are too many Nigerians very suspicious of these claims as shown in their social media comments? And why is such a rare display of kindness by this government not being celebrated? Or have the funds (if indeed any were shared) ended up in the hands of the same people who have more than enough to need them while those who are genuinely deprived remain terribly famished?
Already, the biting hunger out there is forcing a growing number of people to defy the no-movement decree and soon, the whole effort might be defeated, and the country will return to square one. Information Minister, Mr. Lai Mohammed, is threatening that the lockdown may be extended if Nigerians fail to behave themselves. But what he should rather have done is to hasten to school himself to realize that there is always a price to pay when leaders leave the country they claim to be governing in great disarray only to suddenly wake up when there is an emergency to grope for fix-quick solutions.
A few days after the president’s broadcast (that is, Tuesday, March 31), Daily Independent carried a front page lead story about 26 Americans who came into the country through the Murtala Mohammed International Airport and headed to Calabar without being screened. Now, who cleared their trip to the country and why were there no health officials available to screen them and ensure they were quarantined for 14 days before being allowed to fly to Calabar? Is it because they are Americans or clients of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) or both? Does that automatically exempt any of them from being a carrier of the virus which is presently ravaging their own country? What kind of government claims to be fighting a virus with one hand and using the other hand to be undermining the efforts being deployed to contain it?
Okay, the Minister of Health, Dr. Osagie Ehanire, has just announced that an 18-man Chinese team of medical “experts” will soon arrive the country to “assist” Nigeria in the fight against the coronavirus. Now, is it the federal government that asked China for help or was it China that volunteered their assistance? Indeed many Nigerians are vehemently opposed to this gesture at this time. Our own local medical experts have not shown any signs of being overburdened by the work, so what difference are these 18 Chinese doctors and nurses going to make? Will they, like the 26 privileged Americans, also be given express entry into the country or will they be isolated for 14 days as should be the case, before they would be allowed to start rendering their “assistance”?
Do we really need this Chinese gift now or is it that the government lacks the liver to politely decline their offer of help, despite the widespread apprehension among the citizenry about their involvement (since many Nigerians, habour strong fears that the gesture might turn out a Greek gift)? Even the umbrella body of Nigerian doctors, the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA), has come out to strongly oppose the coming of the Chinese medical team. Is it that our government is too intimidated to say NO to China’s offer probably because it has yoked itself so much with crushing debts due to its excessive borrowings from them – debts, whose positive effects on Nigerian lives many are yet to see?
I raise these points because, although, Nigeria has recorded one of the lowest deaths from coronavirus, it was the stubborn refusal of the government to close our borders when it became very necessary and urgent (and despite calls from well-meaning Nigerians) that led to the explosion in the number of confirmed cases that the country has recorded today. In saner climes, the government should have profusely apologized for that terrible miscalculation that is costing the nation so much now.
But it now has another opportunity now to gratify the yearning of Nigerians and reject the Chinese offer even if it is well-meaning and the fears about it are misplaced.
Now, what lessons is the government taking away from the scourge of coronavirus? Will they see the need to equip our hospitals this time and upgrade at least few of them to world standard now that they have realized the folly of always waiting to use public funds to send themselves and their families abroad to treat even minor ailments? For the first time in Nigeria, the naïve and largely misguided Nigerian leaders have found out that it is not always safe to seek solutions for health challenges outside the country and that there is afterall no place like home. This is hoping that the lesson will endure and be redemptive.
*Ugochukwu Ejinkeonye, is a Nigerian journalist and writer. (scruples2006@yahoo.com)
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KUALA LUMPUR: Pets owned by private individuals which have been confirmed positive for Covid-19 must be isolated and quarantined for 14 days for monitoring purposes.
Senior lecturer (veterinary immunology) and researcher at the Faculty of Veterinary Science in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Dr Farina Mustaffa Kamal, said if these pets displayed any health issues during this period, their owners should consult the District Veterinary Services Department for further action.
She said although there was no evidence of pets spreading Covid-19 infections, they could themselves be infected by the disease as reported by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).
“Two cases of Covid-19 infections involving pets (a cat and a dog) contracted from their owners have been reported in Belgium and Hong Kong.
“These pets were suspected to have contracted the disease through close contact with Covid-19 positive persons through kisses, hugs or general management,” she told Bernama when contacted.
However, Dr Farina said, so far the number of infected pets was very small and there was no clear information of the symptoms of animals infected with Covid-19, with the majority not displaying any signs.
“Only one cat in Belgium displayed symptoms of breathing difficulties, diarrhea and vomiting. However, it must be remembered that other virus or bacteria can also cause these same symptoms in animals,” she said.
Dr Farina stressed that it was better for pet owners to impose early quarantine and isolation measures on their animals as soon as they realise that they had symptoms of Covid-19 infection.
She added that there was no clear evidence that certain species of animals were naturally more susceptible to infections, but said with the current Covid-19 pandemic, the pet owners are encouraged to isolate their animals in the house.
“So far, experimental studies show that the virus can infect cats, ferrets, and monkeys,” she said, adding that ferrets and monkeys were the laboratory animals used in studies on coronavirus.
As for stray animals, Dr Farina said it was difficult to check on stray cats as they were not used to human interaction.
“Logically-speaking, there is less close contact between humans and stray cats through kisses and hugs, but the recommendations by the OIE and the World Health Organisation must be observed when managing pets and stray animals,” she said.
Dr Farina said generally-speaking, coronavirus was a large family of virus which infected different species of animals. –Bernama
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What males, of their egoism, consistently mistake for a deficiency of intelligence in girl is merely an incapacity for mastering that mass of small mental tips, that advanced of petty knowledges, that assortment of cerebral rubber stamps, which constitutes the chief psychological tools of the typical male. A person thinks that he’s extra clever than his spouse as a result of he can add up a column of figures extra precisely, and since he understands the imbecile jargon of the inventory market, and since he is ready to distinguish between the concepts of rival politicians, and since he’s aware about the trivialities of some sordid and degrading enterprise or occupation, say soap-selling or the legislation.
But these empty abilities, of course, should not actually indicators of a profound intelligence; they’re, actually, merely superficial accomplishments, and their acquirement places little extra pressure on the psychological powers than a chimpanzee suffers in studying learn how to catch a penny or scratch a match. The entire bag of tips of the typical enterprise man, and even of the typical skilled man, is inordinately infantile.
It takes no extra precise sagacity to hold on the on a regular basis hawking and haggling of the world, or to ladle out its regular doses of unhealthy drugs and worse legislation, than it takes to function a taxicab or fry a pan of fish. No observant particular person, certainly, can come into shut contact with the overall run of enterprise {and professional} males—I confine myself to those that appear to get on on the earth, and exclude the admitted failures—with out marvelling at their mental lethargy, their incurable ingenuousness, their appalling lack of bizarre sense.
The late Charles Francis Adams, a grandson of one American President and a great-grandson of one other, after a protracted lifetime in intimate affiliation with some of the chief enterprise “geniuses” of that paradise of merchants and usurers, the United States, reported in his previous age that he had by no means heard a single one of them say something price listening to. These have been vigorous and masculine males, and in a person’s world they have been profitable males, however intellectually they have been all clean cartridges.
There is, certainly, honest floor for arguing that, if males of that kidney have been genuinely clever, they might by no means succeed at their gross and driveling considerations—that their very capability to grasp and retain such balderdash as constitutes their inventory in commerce is proof of their inferior mentality. The notion is definitely supported by the acquainted incompetency of first fee males for what are referred to as sensible considerations. One couldn’t suppose of Aristotle or Beethoven multiplying 3,472,701 by 99,999 with out making a mistake, nor might one suppose of him remembering the vary of this or that railway share for 2 years, or the quantity of ten-penny nails in 100 weight, or the freight on lard from Galveston to Rotterdam. And by the identical token one couldn’t think about him professional at billiards, or at grouse-shooting, or at golf, or at another of the idiotic video games at which what are referred to as profitable males generally divert themselves. In his nice examine of British genius,
Havelock Ellis discovered that an incapacity for such petty expertness was seen in virtually all first fee males. They are unhealthy at tying cravats. They don’t perceive the trendy card video games. They are puzzled by book-keeping. They know nothing of get together politics. In temporary, they’re inert and impotent within the very fields of endeavour that see the typical males’s highest performances, and are simply surpassed by males who, in precise intelligence, are about as far under them because the Simidae.
This lack of talent at handbook and psychological tips of a trivial character—which should inevitably seem to a barber or a dentist as stupidity, and to a profitable haberdasher as downright imbecility—is a personality that males of the primary class share with girls of the primary, second and even third lessons. There is on the backside of it, in reality, one thing unmistakably female; its look in a person is sort of invariably accompanied by the opposite contact of femaleness that I’ve described. Nothing, certainly, may very well be plainer than the truth that girls, as a category, are sadly poor within the small expertness of males as a category.
One seldom, if ever, hears of them succeeding within the occupations which carry out such expertness most lavishly—for instance, tuning pianos, repairing clocks, practising legislation, (ie., matching petty tips with another lawyer), portray portraits, retaining books, or managing factories—regardless of the circumstance that the good majority of such occupations are effectively inside their bodily powers, and that few of them supply any very formidable social boundaries to feminine entrance. There isn’t any exterior cause why girls should not succeed as operative surgeons; the best way is vast open, the rewards are massive, and there’s a particular demand for them on grounds of modesty. Nevertheless, not many ladies graduates in drugs undertake surgical procedure and it’s uncommon for one of them to make a hit of it.
There is, once more, no exterior cause why girls shouldn’t prosper on the bar, or as editors of newspapers, or as managers of the lesser kind of factories, or within the wholesale commerce, or as hotel-keepers. The taboos that stand in the best way are of very small power; numerous adventurous girls have defied them with impunity; as soon as the door is entered there stays no particular handicap inside. But, as each one is aware of, the quantity of girls truly practising these trades and professions may be very small, and few of them have attained to any distinction in competitors with males.
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After intense strain from the Nigerian public particularly from senior authorized practitioners and different outstanding residents, President Muhammadu Buhari on Monday introduced the signing into legislation of the COVID-19 Regulations.
Sections 2, Three and four of the Quarantine Act (CAP Q2 LFN 2004) conferred such powers on President Buhari.
It was the authorized framework wanted to implement the lockdown order in Lagos, Ogun and the FCT issued by Buhari on Sunday throughout a nationwide broadcast.
The announcement was made on Monday evening by Special Adviser to President Buhari on Media and Publicity, Femi Adesina.
President Buhari had addressed Nigerians on the outbreak and continued unfold of Coronavirus 35 days after the nation’s first case was recorded.
A flurry of criticisms over his silence and perceived lack of concern on the harm attributable to the pandemic had pushed him to talk.
Recall that earlier on Monday, Senior Advocate of Nigeria, Femi Falana, had mentioned that the lockdown order couldn’t be enforced besides it was backed by a legislation.
He mentioned, “No doubt, the President is empowered to undertake any measure deemed match to fight the damaging illness however such measure must be spelt out in a Regulation made pursuant to part 305 of the structure or beneath the Quarantine Act.
“Otherwise the presidential order on restriction of movement in the affected areas cannot be enforced by the police.”
Another lawyer, Inibehe Effiong, whereas reiterating Falana’s place, in truth vowed to problem the illegality of Buhari’s motion in court docket.
He mentioned, “After a deep reflection on President Muhammadu Buhari’s resolution to lock down all actions in Lagos, Ogun and Abuja by presidential fiat for 14 days, I’ve resolved to problem this unconstitutional motion in court docket.
“No accountable, democratic and civilised nation will throw its structure and legal guidelines into the dustbin in an effort to sort out a pandemic like COVID-19 the way in which President Buhari has carried out. Freedom of motion is a elementary proper assured by Section 41 of the structure.
“While it’s conceded that this proper just isn’t absolute, Section 45 of the structure is evident to the impact that freedom of motion can solely be taken away within the method allowed by a legislation that’s moderately justifiable in a democratic society. Buhari has not relied on any legislation.
“If Buhari is convinced that extraordinary measures are needed to contain Coronavirus, the proper action would have been for him to issue an instrument published in the official gazette of the government and make a proclamation of a state of emergency in Lagos, Ogun and Abuja.”
Also including his voice to the difficulty earlier on Monday, Nobel Laureate, Prof Wole Soyinka, mentioned that President Buhari had no constitutional backing to declare a complete lockdown of Lagos, Ogun and Abuja.
He mentioned, “The worst development I can conceive is to have a situation where rational measures for the containment of the Corona pandemic are rejected on account of their questionable genesis.
“So, earlier than this turns into a behavior, a query: does President Buhari have the powers to shut down state borders? We need clear solutions. We should not in a struggle emergency.
“We need to exercise collective vigilance, and not compromise the future by submitting to interventions that are not backed by law and constitution.”
However, earlier defending Buhari’s declaration of a lockdown in all three cities, Nigeria’s Attorney-General of the Federation, Abubakar Malami, mentioned that the President didn’t want any particular authorized framework to have the order enforced because the Quarantine Act already coated that.
Malami mentioned, “The appropriate place stays that the President acted rightfully beneath the powers conferred on him by the Quarantine Act 1990 CAP 384 LFN.
“Section 3 of the Act enables the President to declare any part of Nigeria as an infected area. Section 4 of the Act further empowers the President to make regulations to prevent the introduction, spread and transmission of any dangerous infectious disease.”
But with Buhari’s newest transfer on Monday, Malami now stands alone on the matter.
Enforcement of the order is now anticipated to begin in Lagos and FCT whereas it would take impact in Ogun from April 3.
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PUTRAJAYA: All Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) patients should be treated as Covid-19 circumstances till confirmed in any other case, mentioned Health director-general Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah (pix).
He mentioned 12 healthcare employees have been suspected of contracting Covid-19 after they have been contaminated whereas treating pneumonia or SARI patients.
“So protection is very important for us; our healthcare workers must take precaution … all the necessary precaution to avoid getting the infection (Covid-19),” he mentioned at a each day media briefing on Covid-19 right here right now.
Explaining additional, Noor Hisham mentioned any affected person who failed to present full info when looking for therapy may jeopardise the security of healthcare employees.
“If a patient comes to our hospital and clinic and hides some of the information … then you put the healthcare workers at risk (of being infected with Covid-19),” he mentioned.
He mentioned healthcare employees had been advised to deal with these having cough and chilly with signs of pneumonia as suspected Covid-19 circumstances till investigation confirmed in any other case. — Bernama
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