Tag: development

  • Visa Foundation Donates $210m As Support For Small And Micro Enterprises

    Visa Foundation Donates $210m As Support For Small And Micro Enterprises

    Visa Foundation Donates $210m As Support For Small And Micro Enterprises 1

    Visa Foundation Donates $210m As Support For Small And Micro Enterprises 2


     

    Visa Foundation has announced a donation of $210m to support small and micro businesses, aligning with the foundation’s long-term focus on women’s economic advancement and inclusive economic development.

    The first program of $10m is designated for immediate emergency relief to support charitable organisations on the frontlines responding to the COVID-19 pandemic such as public health and food relief in each of the five geographic regions in which Visa operates.

    “As COVID-19 continues to unfold, communities are feeling the effects and need our immediate support,” said Al Kelly, CEO and Chairman of Visa.

    “As a global company that operates a very local business, we recognise this need.

    We’re also committed to the long-term recovery and will continue to explore ways we can accelerate economic activity in line with our mission to help individuals, businesses and economies thrive,” Kelly added.

    The second program is a five-year, strategic $200m commitment to support small and micro-businesses around the world, with a focus on fostering women’s economic advancement.

    The funds from Visa Foundation will provide capital to non-government organisations and investment partners supporting small and micro-businesses.

     

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  • Resident Evil 3 review: A glimpse into post-pandemic fiction

    Resident Evil 3 review: A glimpse into post-pandemic fiction

    The video game Resident Evil 3 was in development long before the coronavirus outbreak, but it holds up a mirror to the strange times we live in today
    Resident Evil 3 review: A glimpse into post-pandemic fiction
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    https://www.newscientist.com/article/2239924-resident-evil-3-review-a-glimpse-into-post-pandemic-fiction/?utm_campaign=RSS%7CNSNS&utm_source=NSNS&utm_medium=RSS&utm_content=home

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  • #BeActive for the UN International Day of Sport for Development and Peace

    #BeActive for the UN International Day of Sport for Development and Peace

    FIFA has joined forces with the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in supporting the #BeActive campaign launched on the UN International Day of Sport for Development and Peace to encourage people to be #HealthyAtHome as the world comes together in the fight against COVID-19, today and every day.

    WHO recommends all healthy adults do at least 30 minutes a day of physical activity and children at least 60 minutes per day. As part of this, #BeActive and remain #HealthyAtHome include the following suggestions along with any other form of recreation
    to stay healthy at home:

    #BeActive for the UN International Day of Sport for Development and Peace 3

    1. Taking some online exercise classes,
    2. Dancing,
    3. Playing active video games,
    4. Jumping rope, and
    5. Practising muscle strength and balance training.

    “We are delighted that football is strongly supporting the International Day of Sport for Development and Peace by asking everyone to #BeActive and to remain healthy at home during this difficult time,” said António Guterres Secretary-General
    of the United Nations. “FIFA has asked the football community, from member associations and clubs, to players and fans, to show their support, to put their rivalries aside and to show a new solidarity so we can overcome the coronavirus.
    This is an important lesson not only for today, but for every day.”

    “More than ever, especially now, one thing must be clear to everyone, health comes first,” said FIFA President Gianni Infantino. “FIFA is delighted to support both the United Nations and the World Health Organization in amplifying
    the #BeActive campaign today, and we are encouraged that the football community is also playing an active role in ensuring the message understood globally. For the first time ever, we are all on the same team and together, with team spirit and
    positive energy, we will win.” 

    “WHO is proud to collaborate as part of the UN family with FIFA and football lovers worldwide to promote the importance of being active for both physical and mental health,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization. “The #BeActive campaign supports WHO’s drive to help people be healthy at home.”

    The campaign kicks off with Real Madrid CF, FC Barcelona, Liverpool FC and Manchester United FC asking football fans to set aside their rivalries and to come together to #BeActive in order to defeat the coronavirus. Other clubs, including Club América,
    CD Guadalajara, Beijing Guoan FC, Shanghai Shenhua FC, Mohun Bagan AC, East Bengal FC, Melbourne City FC, Sydney FC, Auckland City FC, Team Wellington FC, CA River Plate, Olympique de Marseille, TP Mazembe, CR Flamengo and SE Palmeiras will also
    join the initiative in the coming days.

    As part of the campaign, world-famous players share the following message: “At this time, even rivals need to stick together. We have to keep our distance, but we do not lose our focus. We can show solidarity by being active, and active means
    following the guidelines from the WHO.”

    The video campaign will
    be published on various FIFA digital channels, with regular subsequent updates from clubs and players across the world during subsequent days. #BeActive is also being supported with graphics toolkits for the 211 FIFA member associations and various
    media agencies to facilitate additional localisation and to further amplify the message.

    WHO, the UN’s specialized health agency, and FIFA, football’s world governing body, collaborate closely to promote healthy lifestyles through football globally and launched the “
    Pass the message to kick out coronavirus” campaign last month to share advice effective measures to protect people from COVID-19.

    The video campaign can also be downloaded here for editorial purposes.

     

     

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  • Virtual Press Conference on COVID-19- 06 April 2020

    Virtual Press Conference on COVID-19- 06 April 2020

    Originally broadcast live on 06 April 2020, the daily press briefing on coronavirus COVID-19, direct from WHO Headquarters, Geneva Switzerland with Dr Tedros WHO Director-General, Dr Micheal Ryan, Executive Director of the Health Emergencies Programme, and Dr Maria Van Kerkhove, Technical lead, WHO Health Emergencies Programme with special guests Lady Gaga and Hugh Evans, CEO and Co-founder of Global Citizen.

    Transcript:

    Speaker key:

    TJ        Tarik Jasarevic

    TAG    Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus

    LG       Lady Gaga

    HE       Hugh Evans

    MR      Dr Michael Ryan JA  Jamie

    MK      Dr Maria Van Kerkhove KA Kai

    KT       Kate

    IN        Innocent

    YA      Yang

    00:00:19

     

    TJ        Good evening to everyone from Geneva and WHO headquarters. Welcome to the regular press conference on COVID-19. Journalists who are online can ask their questions by clicking  raise hand if  you are
    on Zoom.  Today we have a special guest but  I will  let Dr Tedros do his opening remarks and introduce them.  Before I give  the floor  to Dr Tedros, just to remind you, we will also be sending you some news from other
    WHO offices around the world with the audio file  from this  press briefing a little  bit  later. I give  the floor  immediately to Dr Tedros.

     

    00:01:07

     

    TAG    Good morning, good  afternoon and good  evening.  The COVID-19 pandemic continues to take a heavy toll on families, communities and nations the world over but it’s also giving rise to incredible acts of generosity,
    solidarity and co-operation. We have said consistently that we’re all in this together and we can only succeed together. We need an all- of-society approach with everyone playing their part. That includes  people  in  the entertainment
    industry.

     

    Today I’m very delighted to be joined by one of the biggest names in entertainment in the world, Lady Gaga, and my friend Hugh Evans, the founder and CEO of Global Citizen.

    WHO has been working with Global Citizen for several weeks on the Together At Home concert series with artists like Chris Martin and John Legend giving free online performances.

    Now we’re working with Lady Gaga and Global Citizen to take this concept and make it even bigger through the  One World  Together  At Home virtual  global  special on Saturday 18th April. It’s now my great pleasure to invite
    Lady Gaga and Hugh Evans to say more about this very special event, One World.

    00:03:10

     

    LG       Thank you very much, Dr Tedros. Good morning, good afternoon  and good  evening to everyone who’s listening and watching. I would  like  to thank the World  Health Organization and the
    United Nations as well as Global Citizen; thank you very much, Dr Tedros and Hugh Evans, for all of your leadership in this fight against COVID-19 and thank you very much to the World Health Organization  for asking  me to collaborate 
    with  you on this special.

    We are also very grateful to all of the healthcare professionals across the country and around the world who are on the front lines during COVID-19. This  global  pandemic  is  a catastrophe. I’m so thankful to them and I’m also
    praying for those who are sick. It’s been a pleasure to partner with Global Citizen  and we’ve been working  all together  behind  the scenes to raise money for the World Health Organization.

    I would also like to send my prayers as well to people  that are losing  their  jobs  and are having a hard time feeding themselves  and their  children.  We are raising  money  for  the World Health
    Organization’s COVID-19 Solidarity  Response  Fund and seven days ago we held a  call with more than 68 corporate leaders from some of the world’s biggest and most generous companies and I asked them to join my corporate kindness
    list as there have been many corporations and philanthropists that have been very, very generous during this time.

    00:04:38

     

    Since then we have also been calling on philanthropists around the world as well and tech companies included. I’d like  to reiterate our deep gratitude  to the medical  community.  My heart is very, very aching and warm for those
    who are ER doctors as well as nurses who are sleeping in cars to make sure they don’t infect their families  or  their  patients.  What you’re doing is putting  yourselves  in  harm’s way to help the world 
    and we all salute  you and you are a triumph truly.

    I am proud to say that over the past seven days we’ve raised a total of $35 million for the Solidarity Fund. This money will [inaudible]  essential PPE, supplies  and testing kits around  the world and will help improve lab capacity
    to rapidly process tests. It will also [inaudible] research development. It is so important to think globally and to support the World Health Organization to curb the pandemic and prevent future outbreaks.

    I know Dr Tedros is particularly concerned about Africa and [inaudible]. We also need to act globally by supporting local charities  and initiatives so that the front-line health  workers in most immediate need have the resources they need
    to survive during this time. It has been an honour to help with this huge broadcast event, which will take place on April 18th, where we need to tell the stories of and celebrate the front-line community, healthcare workers and their acts of kindness.

    We will be on different networks, many networks actually and I want to [inaudible] about what we’re going to be doing. What’s very important is that two things happen for all of us; that we celebrate and we highlight the singular, kind global community
    that is arising right now. Two, we want to highlight the gravity of this historically unprecedented cultural movement and, three, we want to celebrate and encourage the power of the human spirit.

    00:06:47

    I would like to, on behalf of  the World  Health Organization  and Global  Citizen,  thank Dr Tedros as well as everyone that has donated so far. We are going to continue fundraising but I would like to also let you know that
    this broadcast special is not actually a fundraiser. We all wanted to raise the money before we went on air so when we do  air  live  on  April  18th  put your wallets away, put your credit  cards away, anything 
    away that you need to and just  sit back and enjoy the show that you all very much deserve.

    I’d like to pass this now to Hugh Evans, who’s been a wonderful partner of mine. Hugh, thank you so much and thank you, Dr Tedros.

    HE       Good morning, good afternoon,  good  evening  and thank you,  Dr Tedros  and thank you, Lady Gaga. Your Excellencies,  ladies  and gentlemen;  Lady Gaga, Dr Tedros, 
    you’ve both demonstrated extraordinary leadership at an unprecedented moment when our society is being challenged like never before and we are so thankful for your leadership. I’d like to echo Lady Gaga’s sentiment and commend the incredible acts
    of bravery demonstrated by the front-line community  health  workers around the world  and I hope  that we as a shared humanity emerge from this moment forever grateful for the work of doctors, nurses, teachers, grocery store workers and all of those who are
    the backbone of our communities.

    Global health is at the very core of the global citizen mission and we must  ensure that the world’s poorest and most  marginalised  people  have  access to resources to cope with and tackle this health crisis. Through One
    World:  Together At Home on April 18th  we’ll be calling on philanthropists, corporations and governments to fund critical global COVID-19 response efforts including distribution of resources and PPE to critical front-line healthcare
    workers.

    00:09:09

    In our partnership with the WHO and United Nations Global Citizen is committed to driving action to help ensure our global health systems are strong enough to stop a future pandemic before it happens. April 18th is going to be a moment of global unity
    connecting the world through a historic global broadcast. We are bringing together the greatest artists in the world under the passionate and extremely talented curation of Lady Gaga.

    In alphabetical order some of the artists we’ll be announcing today include Alanis Morissette, Andrea Bocelli,  Billie  Eilish,  Billy  Joe Armstrong  of Green Day, Burna Boy, Chris Martin, Sir David Beckham, Eddie Vedder,
    Sir Elton John, Finneas, Idris and Sabrina Elba, J Balvin, John Legend, Kacey Musgraves, Keith Urban, Kerry Washington,  Lang Lang,  Lizzo, Maluma, Sir Paul McCartney, Priyanka Chopra Jonas, Shah Rukh Khan, Stevie Wonder and many more to be announced over the coming weeks from all corners of the globe under the passionate and extremely talented curation of Lady Gaga.

    We’re grateful to all of you for participating and supporting this critical effort. One World Together At Home will be broadcast live on Saturday April 18th 2020 at 5:00pm PDT, 8:00pm EDT and 12:00am BST, airing on ABC, NBC, Viacom and CBS networks,
    IHeartMedia, and Bell media networks and platforms in Canada. Internationally BBC1 will run the programme on Sunday April 19th and additional  international  broadcasters include BN Media Group, Multi-Choice Group and RTE in Ireland.

    00:11:43

    The digital broadcast will celebrate and support brave community  health workers who are doing life-saving work on the front line and we’ve all seen the limitations of world leaders around this world to step up and face this extraordinary challenge 
    and we want to do our best to support the essential work of the World Health Organization, driving action and raising critical funds. Thank you again, Dr Tedros, and thank you, Lady Gaga, for your leadership.

    Thank you all.

    TJ        Thank you very much to our guests for their remarks. Dr Tedros, I guess you would like to thank them too.

    TAG    Once again I would like  to thank Lady Gaga and Hugh Evans for their  partnership. We had a call last week and I was so amazed by the energy and passion of Lady Gaga. It’s incredible commitment to humanity and that’s
    when I said, I think what she has planned can happen. It’s bringing the world together to improve awareness and to mobilise  resources to fight the pandemic so I thank her for her incredible passion and commitment  and leadership and
    also to my friend, Hugh Evans, for connecting all the dots and for his leadership.

    We all look forward to joining you for the One World: Together  At Home concert on 18th April. As the pandemic continues we recognise that individuals and governments want to do everything they can to protect themselves and others and so do we.
    We understand that some countries have recommended or are considering the use of both medical  and non-medical masks in the general population to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

    00:14:21

    First and foremost medical masks must be prioritised for health workers on the front lines  of  the response. We know medical masks can help to protect health workers but they’re in short supply globally.  We’re concerned that the mass
    use of medical  masks by the general population could exacerbate the shortage of these specialised masks for the people who need them most. In some places these shortages are putting health workers in real danger.

    In healthcare facilities WHO continues to recommend the use of medical masks, respirators and other personal protective equipment for  health workers. In the community we recommend the use of medical masks by people who are sick and those who
    are caring for a sick person at home.

    WHO has been evaluating the use of medical and non-medical masks for COVID-19 more widely. Today WHO is issuing guidance and criteria to support countries in making that decision. For example countries could consider using masks in communities where other measures such as cleaning hands and physical distancing are harder to achieve because of lack of water or cramped living conditions.

    If masks are worn they must be used safely and properly. WHO has guidance on how to put on, take off and dispose of masks. What’s clear is that there is limited research in  this  area. We encourage countries that are considering the use
    of masks for the general population to study their effectiveness so we can all learn. Most importantly masks should only  ever be used as part of a comprehensive package of interventions. There is no black or white answer and no silver bullet.
    Masks alone cannot stop the pandemic. Countries must continue to find, test, isolate and treat every case and trace every contact. Mask or no mask, there are proven things all of us can do to protect ourselves and others.

    00:17:13

    Keep your distance, clean your hands, cough or sneeze into your elbow  and avoid  touching your face. Less than 100 days since WHO was notified about the new coronavirus  research has accelerated at incredible speed. The viral genome
    was mapped  in  early January and shared globally, which enabled tests to be developed and vaccine research to start. More than 70 countries have joined WHO’s Solidarity Trial to accelerate the search for an effective treatment and about
    20 institutions and companies are racing to develop a vaccine.

    WHO is committed to ensuring that as medicines and vaccines are developed they’re shared equitably with all countries  and people.  I want to thank the  Medicines  Patent Pool and Unitaid for the initiative they announced last
    Friday to include medicines and diagnostics for COVID-19 in their licensing pool.

    I also want to thank the President of Costa Rica, President Carlos Alvadaro, and the Health Minister, Daniel Salas, for their proposal to create a pool of rights to tests, medicines and vaccines with free access or licensing on reasonable and affordable
    terms for all countries. Muchas gracias, Mr President. I support this proposal and we’re working with Costa Rica to finalise the details.

    00:19:09

    Poorer countries and fragile  economies  stand to face the biggest  shock from this  pandemic and leaving anyone unprotected will  only  prolong  the health crisis  and harm economies  more.  I call
    on all countries, companies and research institutions to support open data, open science and open collaboration so that all people can enjoy the benefits of science and research.

    Finally we’re nearing the end of the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This is one piece of good news. If there are no more cases the Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo could declare the outbreak over  as early
    as this  Sunday.  We’re not  there yet and we remain in full response mode. We’re continuing to investigate alerts and to test samples.

    This would not have been possible without the incredible  health workers who have put themselves at risk for more than 18 months to stop this outbreak, just as health workers are putting themselves in danger to save lives from COVID-19. Health
    workers in DRC faced the 
    double threat of fighting a deadly virus in one of the world’s most dangerous and unstable regions, exposing themselves to Ebola and bullets.

    Tomorrow, as you know, is WHO’s birthday, a day we celebrate each year as World Health Day. This year we’re paying tribute to the incredible contribution of all health workers, especially nurses and midwives. Nurses and midwives are the backbone of
    every health system. They’re there from the first moments of life to the last. Tomorrow we’re publishing our first report on the state of the world’s nursing which highlights gaps and makes recommendations for all countries.

    00:22:00

    One of the lessons I hope the world learns from COVID-19 is that we must invest in health workers, not only to protect lives but also to protect livelihoods. I thank you.

    TJ        Thank you very much, Dr Tedros. Also, as always, we have Dr Mike Ryan and Dr Maria Van Kerkhove, who will be answering questions. We will  now open the floor.  I will  go to one question
    that I received by email this morning and I promised to answer; that’s Ankit Kumar from India Today. Ankit is asking; we have recently seen a spike in  cases caused through religious gatherings in India, in fact almost a third of new cases
    were linked to one gathering in India. We have also seen incidents of violence against health workers due to fear and misinformation. Is WHO concerned with these developments, what is WHO’s message to religious and community leaders and their
    followers?

    MR      First and foremost the idea of violence against health workers is driven by fear and it’s driven by misunderstanding but it’s  really  unacceptable. We ask everyone and every community to see our health workers
    as our heroes and to support them in every way we can.

    With regard to gatherings of any type, be they religious or be they for other  purposes,  there are always risks associated with such gatherings in the midst of a major epidemic. WHO has issued guidance on that. Many of these gatherings
    are now postponed or cancelled.  We’ve been working very, very closely with religious  and faith-based organisations  all  over the world including  groups  from the Islamic  tradition,  Christian 
    traditions  and others and continue to work through faith-based organisations to communicate  using  our  Epiwin platform.

    00:24:21

    We’re also continuing to develop guidance specifically  for the holy  month  of Ramadan and are working through our Eastern Mediterranean regional office to be able to advise governments and religious institutions on how best to manage
    the risks associated with such holy events.

    But it’s very important again; having COVID-19 is not anybody’s fault. Every case is a victim and every case needs to be  treated with sensitivity,  as the health workers who treat them so it’s very important that we’re not profiling COVID-19
    along  racial,  along  religious,  along ethnic lines. This is not helpful.

    TJ        Thank you very much. This was a question  from Ankit  Kumar from India  Today. Now we will go to journalists online. We will start with Jamie from Associated Press. Jamie, can you hear us?

    JA        Hi, yes. Can you hear me? TJ            Yes. Please go ahead.

    JA        Great, thank you very much. I wanted to ask you about… Over the weekend Dr Anthony Fauci mentioned that – if I understood it correctly – as much as 50% of transmission could be asymptomatic. Just aligned 
    with that, if  you could  give  us a little  bit  more  about what you’re thinking about the fact that some countries have said that this outbreak is more infectious than influenza. The CDC is saying that it’s up
    to three times more infectious than influenza so what do you have to say about that? Thanks.

    00:26:13

    MK      I’ll start and then perhaps Mike or DG would like to supplement. The modes of transmission and the way in which this virus is transmitted  are of significant  interest to all of us. What we are doing is working
    with member states, we’re working with everyone that’s affected by this, looking through the research and trying to understand  when most transmission is happening, when any transmission is happening.

    What we know from reports, what we know from published literature is that the predominant way in which transmission is occurring is amongst symptomatic individuals  and these are people that can be very early on in symptoms, even when they start
    to feel a little bit unwell. This is supported by some data that attempts to catch a virus from individuals who are symptomatic.

    We also know that it’s possible that people can transmit in the few days before they become symptomatic or in their pre-symptomatic  phase. There have been some studies  that have come out and we learned about this when we were on mission
    in China back in January or early February, that there are individuals that can shed virus one to three days before they develop symptoms.

    However it’s very important to note that even if you are pre-symptomatic or even if you don’t have any recognised symptoms you still have to transmit through  droplets,  you still  have to have these infectious particles that come out
    of your nose and your mouth. So while we know that that is possible we do not believe that it’s a major driver of transmission.

    00:27:42

    We’ve also seen modelling estimates that suggest that there’re large numbers of unrecognised transmission and I used unrecognised on purpose because I’m not saying asymptomatic. I’m saying that we may be missing people who are out there who are infected
    but we’re missing them because of current surveillance strategies. That is certainly possible in many parts of the globe.

    Whether or not those individuals are asymptomatic; we will have to wait until we see the results of serologic studies, which we hope we’ll be seeing in the coming days if not weeks.

    So what we can say is that most people are transmitting this virus while they are symptomatic.

    JA        Hi, Jamie. Just in addition because I think – I would never in any way contradict my good friend, Tony Fauci, such an eminent man. There are many different estimations of what might represent asymptomatic
    transmission or other infections in the community and we do know and everyone accepts that when the seroepidemiology studies do come online we will probably find more people who’ve been infected unknowingly; there’s no question of that.

    The thing we need to address in all of this is  very often the idea of  severity versus infection and there is a huge association  between the dose  of exposure  and the severity  of infection. We see this in many other
    infectious diseases so we also probably need to look  at who is getting sick and very sick and is the dose and the type of exposure they’re getting different to those who may be exposed and seroconverted in the community.

    00:29:26

    So it’s not just a matter of looking at how many people in the community are infected but are there specific elements  of exposure  that cause individuals  to have  a higher dose of exposure or a specific route of exposure 
    that causes more severe infection?  There is  also that concept of infectious dose when we talk about the different types of transmission. If somebody is exposed to a high dose from another individual directly or from a surface that’s
    heavily contaminated you can imagine the large dose.

    In other circumstances individual particles or virus particles potentially floating through  the air; it can be demonstrated that that may happen in certain circumstances, certainly in healthcare settings. But is that significant  in 
    terms of driving  infection,  is  that significant, does that produce an infectious dose that can successfully infect another individual?

    These are all very important things that still need to be studied. Again we’re only a number of weeks into this. I think we need to have the seroepi studies. I think  we need more information on what is the infectious  dose  and particularly 
    the relationship  between the dose  of exposure or infection and the severity of disease subsequently, which has been seen with many, many other diseases in the past including cholera, Ebola and others.

    TJ        Thank you very much, Mike and Maria. We will go now to our next question; that’s Kai Kupferschmidt. Kai, can you hear us?

    00:31:01

    KA      Yes, Tarik. Thanks a lot for taking my question. I wanted to ask about the global  push  to try and find a pre-exposure  prophylaxis  or a post-exposure  prophylaxis. I understand there’re
    several trials going on, most of them with chloroquine  or hydroxychloroquine.  I was just wondering whether you can speak a little bit to what role this could potentially play.

    Of course also there’re a lot of smaller studies going on. Is there any way to make sure that they all lead to results that can be proved in the end?

    MR      Maria can give you more detail but certainly one of the Solidarity trials – I think Solidarity 3 or 4 – we have one of the trials under design which will be a multi-centre study which will look at prophylaxis in healthcare workers to see whether there’s evidence that giving lower doses of drugs like chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine to healthcare workers would reduce their risk of becoming infected in a healthcare environment.

    Those studies are certainly underway and again there are a number of those studies underway in smaller studies around the world but again as WHO we’re trying  to bring  together  a larger set of collaborative studies that will give
    us the answers we need.

    In terms of post-exposure prophylaxis I don’t believe  we have at the moment  studies  planned but Maria can speak to that but there is certainly evidence for the use of – not proven  evidence of effectiveness but there are a number
    of studies underway and trials underway that use hyperimmune globulin  in  the treatment  of disease; in  other words  they use that purified plasma of recovered individuals to give an antibody boost to people who are
    suffering the disease.

    00:32:49

    Similar approaches have been used in post-exposure prophylaxis for other diseases but Maria may be aware of studies underway in that area.

    MK      Only to add that, as you mentioned, there are a number of smaller studies that are happening globally and across a large number of countries.  We have teams through  our science division and through GOARN,
    through the Global Outbreak Alert Network, who are pulling together  available  literature  on a number  of topics,  one  of which is  looking  at different types of therapeutics and drugs.

    The idea is until we can have a study that pulls together enough of a sample size to get these answers to these questions we’re trying  to evaluate  every piece of evidence  that is  published so that we can look at the way in
    which these studies were done, we can look at the strengths, we can look at the limitations so that can help guide us closer  towards an effective treatment for COVID-19.

    TJ        Thank you very much. The next question is from BFM Radio. Is is Kate who is with us?

    KT       Yes, hi. Good evening or good morning.  I’m from BFM Radio  Malaysia. My question is, many countries around the world have imposed lock-downs or some sort of restrictions on movement. I was wondering
    what WHO’s guidance would  be; what’s the sweet spot, the kind of data that governments need to consider before lifting or relaxing  some  of these lock- downs? Thank you very much.

    00:34:29

    MR      Thank you. It is a difficulty for governments right  now  because the lock-downs  in many situations are proving effective in dampening the flames of the epidemic  in  those countries but those
    lock-downs are also causing great economic hardship and everybody especially in the developing world needs to get to a more sustainable way of managing this epidemic and controlling COVID-19 without continuing to damage economic and social life.

    The transition strategy out  of lock-down  requires  a calibrated,  step-wise approach.  It would be probably very inadvisable just to lift a complete lock-down, all of the measures because lock-downs are a general term that
    include closure of schools, closure of  churches, stay-at- home orders, closure of workplaces. It’s a mixture of different things and I think each government needs to break out, what does our lock-down actually constitute, what are the elements
    of our lock-down, where is that happening in the country, do we now understand the epidemiology of the disease in each area in which we have an element of lock-down or shut- down.

    Then to chart the path out, you have to build strong public health capacity to take over from the lock-down. In other words the lock-down is pushing the disease down by putting people back in their homes, by separating communities. Once you raise
    the lock-down you have to have an alternative method to suppress the infection. The  way to do that is active  case finding, testing, isolation of cases, tracking of contacts, quarantining of contacts and strong community education and
    participation and ownership around normal physical distancing, hygiene and giving communities the power to control infection by in effect managing their own physical distance, managing their own capacities to support the response.

    00:36:32

    In that situation, if you’ve strong public health capacity, if you’ve got a community that’s mobilised and empowered and if you’ve strengthened your health system then you’re potentially in a position to start unlocking or unwinding the lock-down.
    The specific parameters you need to be looking at are on two sides.

    One is, it would be very inadvisable to lock down [sic] if the number  of cases coming  through the hospital is already at a level where your  occupancy of  beds is  nearly at 100%.  You need to be in a position where
    you now have free beds in your system so that you’re managing and coping with the caseload and that means you have some absorption capacity left.

    You need to look at things like the doubling  rate; how  many days does it  take for the  number of cases to double? You need to look at positivity rates; what proportion of all samples that we test are positive? You’ll see in
    somewhere like Korea two to 6% of the samples  they test are positive. Last week in New York 37% of tested samples were positive so you need to carefully look at what proportion of people you test are positive.

    00:37:45

    You need to look at the number of contacts that are generated per case and it goes on and on and WHO will be issuing guidance to countries that is a much more specific around the parameters they should be looking at. There are no absolutes here, there
    are no answers, there are no numbers that say if this number is this then you do that. That doesn’t exist but what we can do is offer countries very specific  measurements  that they need to look  at to chart the path out of lock-down.

    That step-wise approach of unlocking somewhat and then waiting to see; I think you need to say, we will stop doing this element of the shut-down  and then we will  wait and we will  look at the data and if that works we go to the next
    stage and the next stage. So a careful, calibrated, step-wise exit from lock-down with putting in place public health capacities, putting in place community capacity, building the capacity of the health system to cope should the disease bounce back up; that’s the safe path out of lock-down.

    We want to achieve it as quickly as possible and we want to avoid many countries going  into that circumstance and we still have many countries around the world who are not in a locked- down situation. In fact their epidemiology would suggest
    they can avoid the worst of this and we need to support them to avoid them going into that situation.

    The most damaging lock-downs are in many developing countries  where people  – as the  DG has said many times – can live from hand to mouth, not from pay cheque to pay cheque but from day to day and we have to find adaptive solutions
    around lock-down and around disease control in vulnerable periurban populations living in poverty,  in  poor  rural communities.  We have to find alternative, adapted ways to manage lock-downs or slow-downs or shut-downs in
    those situations.

    00:39:41

    TJ        Thank you very much. This was Kate from BFM Radio in Malaysia. Now we will  go to Nigeria to Natural Star and it’s Innocent. Innocent, can you hear us?

    IN        Thank you. Can you hear me?

    TJ        Not very well but we will try. Please go ahead.

    IN        Okay, thank you for taking my questions. I have two questions to ask. One; how will WHO assess African countries on what they’ve done concerning the lock-down and management of COVID-19?

    Then the second one; there’s news going around that vaccines are to be tested on Africans when they’re developed. How true is that and is there a window that’s in the nearer future when a vaccine will be developed for COVID-19? Thank you.

    Hello?

    TJ        Yes, we are just trying to make sure that we understood the question but we will try. MR     I think this is Nigeria. Is it?

    TJ        Yes.

    00:41:08

    MR      Maria may answer the question around vaccine development. With regard to our general assessment on lock-down – and the Director-General may wish to comment on this because he’s been speaking with many leaders in Africa
    and, I believe, spoke with  the whole of the African Union leadership and countries late last week so therefore is in a much better position than me to speak about that.

    We would characterise so far, Africa’s actually doing well in this response thus far. Countries have essential capacities for testing, many countries are taking strong action and want to really focus on finding cases and doing contact tracing and trying to stop this disease becoming much more extensive given the fact that health systems are not as strong in many countries. 

    They need support in that though, they need support in testing, they need support with protective gear and they need to be given the resources to be able to mount those types of responses so I would characterise that Africa has not suffered the worst
    of this pandemic so far. The worst of it can be avoided with very, very swift action to support those countries in Africa who really do want to take a comprehensive approach to this disease.

    With the many vulnerable  people  including  refugees and migrants  who live  in  those countries it is our responsibility to provide that support but, DG, you may wish to speak about your interactions with the African
    Union countries.

    00:42:46

    MK      I’ll answer the question  around vaccines. What we can say is  that there are a number of vaccines that are in development and vaccines will be tested through clinical trials with all ethical considerations
    in place in whichever  populations  are under  study  with informed consent, with open and transparent communication. This is of the utmost importance, that not only do we have strong, robust  scientific  evidence 
    but  we ensure that all  of the studies  that are done are done with appropriate and the highest level of ethical considerations.

    One thing on the first question around Africa is that there are a number of countries in Africa right now which have very few cases and Mike has alluded to this in his earlier response.

    Some only have imported cases and there is an opportunity here, this  window  of opportunity that the DG has spoken about exists  in  many countries  still.  There is  an opportunity to prevent the worst from happening
    in a number of countries across Africa and across countries that are still seeing their first case; in some island countries.

    We need to support those governments, those countries, all of the people in those areas to prevent the worst from happening, to prevent these individual cases from becoming clusters, these clusters from becoming community transmission. I think that’s
    where we need to put  a lot of emphasis and support so that we can prevent countries  from reaching a point  where they need to put in these very restrictive movement restrictions.

    TAG    Thank you. Thank you for that question, my brother from Nigeria. On the situation, as Mike said, of course when you see the number of cases the African continent has the lowest number of cases so far but that doesn’t mean that
    the situation will not deteriorate. It may.

    00:45:06

    So Africa should do everything to prevent this situation from getting worse and that’s why African leaders are doing their best. I had a chance to participate in a meeting, a Leaders’ Coalition which was arranged or invited by the current Chairperson
    of the African Union, the President of South Africa, President Ramaphoza and many leaders from all corners of the continent have actually participated.

    The main agenda is to have a continental strategy and also make sure that that continental strategy helps the national strategy but in addition to a coalition of political leaders or the heads of state and government they have also agreed to have a coalition of business leaders. Business leaders in Africa are also getting together because Africa will need resources and one of the major problems that was identified during the discussion
    was especially shortage of equipment starting from medical equipment, PPE and test kits and so on.

    The leaders have agreed to look for concrete solutions to address the problem and they also believe that considering the number of cases we have in the continent testing cases, tracing contacts and isolating them, meaning using the comprehensive approach,
    will actually  help. They believe that lock-downs alone may not help or the physical distancing alone cannot help and they have agreed to do everything to follow the comprehensive approach.

    From WHO’s side we have been supporting and we increased, improved  the testing capacity in Africa significantly in the past two months and many countries in Africa have now testing capability although we may have a shortage of test kits but 
    we’re working  on that too and we’re finding different ways of addressing the gap.

    00:48:06

    But we will support the African Union, we will support the Africa CDC and also we will continue working through our WHO regional office in Congo Brazzaville and continue to support and fight the pandemic together.

    Then on the vaccines issue there was, I think, a comment last week from a couple of

    scientists who said the testing ground for the new vaccines will be Africa. To be honest,  I was so appalled and it was a time when I said, when we needed solidarity these kind of racist remarks actually would not help, it goes against the solidarity.

    Africa cannot and will not be a testing ground for any vaccine. We will follow all the rules to test any vaccine or therapeutics all over the world using exactly the same rules. Whether it’s

    in Europe, Africa or wherever we will use the same protocol and if there is a need to be tested elsewhere to treat human beings the same way, equally.

    The hangover from a colonial mentality has to stop — and WHO will  not  allow  this  to happen. It was a disgrace actually  and appalling  to hear during the 21st century from scientists that kind of remark and we condemn
    this in  the strongest  terms possible  but  we assure you  that this will not happen in Africa and will not happen elsewhere, in any country. Proper protocols will be followed and human beings will be treated as human
    beings because we’re all human beings.

    00:50:37

    Then after saying this the vaccine development; we’re addressing two issues and we will be announcing as soon as possible, hopefully during this week, a big initiative to accelerate the research and development and production of vaccines and also
    design mechanisms for equitable distribution of the vaccines.

    While we’re looking for vaccines, unless we break the barriers to equitable distribution of the products, whether it’s vaccines or therapeutics, we will have a problem, so we need to address the problem ahead of time, we need to address the problem
    of access or challenges to access ahead of time.

    That’s why we will put together a mechanism and we will appoint senior people from the North and South that will work out the details on how they can accelerate production but at the same time how they can ensure equitable distribution. Solidarity
    is very important here. When a vaccine or a medicine is ready we have to be able to deliver it all over the world.

    There should not be a divide between the haves and the have-nots.

    If we say solidarity, solidarity should be in its full form and I hope each and every individual, each and every human being will go for that kind of solidarity. I thank you.

    TJ        Thank you, Dr Tedros. We’ll take a couple more questions. We go to Yang from Xinhua news agency. Yang, can you hear us?

    00:52:58

    YA      Can I hear you?

    TJ        Yes, we can hear you. Please go ahead.

    YA      As World Health Day is approaching  what do you  have to say to the  front-line medical workers in China and around the world in  the global  anti-virus  efforts? This  question is
    for Dr Tedros. Thank you.

    TJ        If we understood well, the question is what is the message to health workers in China and around the world. Maybe you can repeat the question one more time, please.

    YA      Okay. As World Health Day is approaching what would you say and what message do you want to deliver to the front-line medical workers in China  and around the world  in  the global anti-virus effort?

    TAG    I think I have said it earlier;  as you  know,  this  is  the year of  the nurse and the midwife, 2020. We were ready to celebrate it in a big way and it was supposed to be the main event in our
    Assembly in mid-May. Unfortunately we’re in this situation but  we will  be launching a report tomorrow which is the first of its kind.  It’s a report on the  state of nursing. We will launch it tomorrow during the World Health
    Day.

    00:55:01

    But while launching that report, although it’s about nursing, we will celebrate all health workers, midwives, pharmacists, doctors, you name it. I think the world is now seeing the importance and the central role that health workers play. People,
    when they’re asked, of course, to choose they would say health first because it’s only when you’re healthy that you can aspire to anything, whether it’s wealth or fame or anything. It doesn’t matter if you’re not healthy.

    If you’re not healthy the first thing you ask for is to get back your health and our health workers are making sure that happens and they’re central and very important for any individual. So not only during COVID but during other times too health
    professionals are very important because they are safeguarding that very important aspect of life — that’s health.

    So we have to celebrate them every day. Of course during COVID we can see to what extent they’re sacrificing. We have lost many of them. They’re dying while  saving lives  so my message first is to the public at large; that each and every individual 
    should  recognise, whether it’s during normal times or pandemics like now, the role of health  professionals  and help them, protect them, really appreciate and respect what they are doing.

    To the health workers, although especially during this COVID pandemic you’re working in a difficult situation you should know that your work is the most blessed one, your work is something  special to the extent of losing  your  life 
    while  helping  others to live.  We respect you and appreciate you for that and we also believe in you and that you will do everything to control this pandemic.

    00:58:11

    But you should know that you have – and the world understands – the most important job. We can see the humility which is coming from some leaders because of this pandemic. I know they’re seeing, starting from their own lives, the whole world through 
    a different  prism  and they will also see your role.

    But the most important is not the recognition from the public or from leaders but the internal commitment and passion you have and believing that you’re doing the most blessed thing  and you have all our respect and appreciation and we believe in 
    you,  that together  we will  finish this pandemic. All the respect and appreciation we have to you, the greatest respect and appreciation ever. Thank you.

    TJ        Thank you very much, Dr Tedros. I think this important message will be heard from everyone and we will  conclude  this  press briefing with these important  words from Dr Tedros. We will
    have an audio file available in the minutes to come and we invite you for our next briefing on Wednesday. Thank you.

    TAG    [Inaudible] and see you on Wednesday – tomorrow actually for the launch. Yes, see you tomorrow.

    01:00:18

    Virtual Press Conference on COVID-19- 06 April 2020
    Read More
    https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/06-04-2020-virtual-press-conference-on-covid-19–06-april-2020

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  • WHO and Global Citizen announce: ‘One World: Together at home’ Global Special to support healthcare workers in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

    WHO and Global Citizen announce: ‘One World: Together at home’ Global Special to support healthcare workers in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic

     

    ‘One World: Together At Home’ global special to air on Saturday, 18 April 2020 in celebration and support of healthcare workers, broadcast to feature real experiences from doctors, nurses and families around the world.

    Powered by commitments from supporters and corporate partners in benefit of the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund, Broadcast special to also benefit local and regional charities that provide food, shelter and healthcare to those that need help most.

    Historic broadcast to be hosted by Jimmy Fallon of ‘The Tonight Show,’  Jimmy Kimmel of ‘Jimmy Kimmel Live’ and Stephen Colbert of ‘The Late Show with Stephen Colbert,’ Friends from Sesame Street Also on hand to help unify and inspire people around the world to take meaningful actions that increase support for the global COVID-19 response.

    Curated in collaboration with Lady Gaga, broadcast to include Alanis Morissette, Andrea Bocelli, Billie Eilish, Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day, Burna Boy, Chris Martin, David Beckham, Eddie Vedder, Elton John, FINNEAS, Idris and Sabrina Elba, J Balvin, John Legend, Kacey Musgraves, Keith Urban, Kerry Washington, Lang Lang, Lizzo, Maluma, Paul McCartney, Priyanka Chopra Jonas,  Shah Rukh Khan and Stevie Wonder.

    ——————————————

    Geneva/New York – International advocacy organization Global Citizen and the World Health Organization today
    announced the One World: Together At Home — a globally televised and streamed special in support of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. One World: Together At Home will be broadcast live on Saturday, 18 April 2020 at 5:00
    p.m. PDT/8:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 a.m. GMT airing on ABC, NBC, ViacomCBS Networks, iHeartMedia and Bell Media networks and platforms in Canada. Internationally, BBC One will run the program on Sunday 19 April 2020. Additional
    international broadcasters include beIN Media Group, MultiChoice Group and RTE. The virtual broadcast will show unity among all people who are affected by COVID-19 and will also celebrate and support brave healthcare
    workers doing life-saving work on the front lines.

    Hugh Evans, Co-Founder and CEO of Global Citizen, said “As we honor and support the heroic efforts of community health workers, ‘One World: Together At Home’ aims to serve as a source of unity and encouragement in the global fight
    to end COVID-19. Through music, entertainment and impact, the global live-cast will celebrate those who risk their own health to safeguard everyone else’s.”

    One World: Together At Home will also be a multi-hour digital broadcast streaming online on multiple global platforms, including: Alibaba, Amazon Prime Video, Apple, Facebook, Instagram, LiveXLive, Tencent, Tencent Music Entertainment Group, TIDAL, TuneIn, Twitch, Twitter, Yahoo and
    YouTube. This digital special will include additional artists and performances from all over the globe as well as unique stories from the world’s healthcare heroes. For information about how to tune in and take action, visit 
    www.globalcitizen.org/togetherathome.

    “The World Health Organization is committed to defeating the coronavirus pandemic with science and public health measures, and supporting the health workers who are on the frontlines of the response,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus,
    Director-General of WHO. “We may have to be apart physically for a while, but we can still come together virtually to enjoy great music. The ‘One World: Together At Home’ concert represents a powerful show of solidarity against
    a common threat.”

    “The United Nations system is fully mobilized: supporting country responses, placing our supply chains at the world’s disposal and advocating for a global cease-fire. We are proud to join forces with ‘One World: Together At Home’
    to help suppress the transmission of the virus, minimize social-economic impacts on the global community and work together now to advance Global Goals for the future,” said António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations.
    “There is no greater case for collective action than our joint response to COVID-19 – we are in this together and we will get through this together.”

    Last month in response to the global pandemic, Global Citizen launched an urgent campaign in support of the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund for WHO, powered by the UN Foundation. Calling on individuals to take action,
    and asking world leaders and corporations to support the response with sufficient resources, Global Citizens from over 130 countries around the world have taken tens of thousands of actions in support of the response fund.

    At this critical moment in history, Global Citizen is also calling on philanthropists to join and support immediate COVID-19 response efforts as part of the organization’s Give While You Live effort. Investors, changemakers and foundation
    leaders are being urged to actualize their giving and invest quickly in related efforts like stronger health systems and vaccine development.

    Over the past three weeks, the Together At Home series has featured performances from artists including,
    Chris Martin, John Legend, Charlie Puth, Common, Shawn Mendes, Camila Cabello, Ryan Tedder of OneRepublic, Niall Horan, Steve Aoki, Jennifer Hudson, Miguel, H.E.R., Anthony Hamilton, Rufus Wainwright, Hozier and Julianne Hough, among others in
    support of WHO and Global Citizen’s campaign.

    Commitments from supporters and corporate partners will go to the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund for WHO to support and equip frontline healthcare workers around the world, with masks, gowns and other vital equipment, and to local charities that provide food, shelter, and healthcare to those that need it most. These local groups have been verified
    to ensure that they are helping communities impacted by COVID-19.

    For more information about Global Citizen and the campaign to support the WHO’s Solidarity Response Fund, please visit globalcitizen.org and
    follow @GlblCtzn Twitter, Facebook and Instagram using #GlobalCitizen. 

    To learn more about WHO’s response to the pandemic and the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund, please go to www.who.int/COVID-19 and follow @WHO on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,
    LinkedIn and TikTok.

     

    ###

    About Global Citizen:

    Global Citizen is the world’s largest movement of action takers and impact makers dedicated to ending extreme poverty by 2030. With over 10 million monthly advocates, our voices have the power to drive lasting change around sustainability, equality,
    and humanity. We post, tweet, message, vote, sign, and call to inspire those who can make things happen to act — government leaders, businesses, philanthropists, artists, and citizens — together improving lives. By downloading our
    app, Global Citizens learn about the systemic causes of extreme poverty, take action on those issues, and earn rewards, which can be redeemed for tickets to concerts, events, and experiences all over the world. To date, the actions of our community,
    along with high-level advocacy efforts and work with partners, has resulted in commitments and policy announcements from leaders valued at over $48 billion, affecting the lives of more than 2.25 billion people by 2030. For more information, visit
    www.GlobalCitizen.org.

     

    About the World Health Organization:

    The World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations’ specialized agency for health. It is an inter-governmental organization and works in collaboration with its Member States usually through the Ministries of Health. The World Health Organization
    is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing
    health trends. Learn more at www.who.int.

     

    About the United Nations Foundation:

    The UN Foundation brings together the ideas, people, and resources the United Nations needs to drive global progress and tackle urgent problems. To support the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) in its global work on COVID-19, UN Foundation
    helped launch the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund that has raised more than $100 million in less than two weeks for lifesaving work around the world.  Learn more about the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund at www.covid19responsefund.org. Learn more about the UN Foundation at www.unfoundation.org.
    Follow @unfoundation on Twitter and Instagram, and @United Nations Foundation on Facebook.

    —————-

    Note to Editors:

    Resources donated to the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund will be spent in alignment with the WHO Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan and support the work of multiple organizations. These include WHO, for tracking the virus spread, equipping
    health workers, making lab and testing tools available, and providing communities and frontline responders with the latest guidance; enabling UNICEF to equip children and families globally with evidence-based guidance to protect them from COVID-19,
    providing water, sanitation and hygiene, and basic infection prevention and control measures to vulnerable countries, and caring for vulnerable families and children; and to CEPI, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, a key partner
    leading the financing for research and development for novel vaccines to combat COVID-19.

     

     

     

     

     

     

    WHO and Global Citizen announce: 'One World: Together at home' Global Special to support healthcare workers in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic
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    https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/06-04-2020-who-and-global-citizen-announce-one-world-together-at-home-global-special-to-support-healthcare-workers-in-the-fight-against-the-covid-19-pandemic

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  • Making available free paediatric medicine can accelerate elimination of congenital Chagas disease

    Making available free paediatric medicine can accelerate elimination of congenital Chagas disease

    The donation of an essential antiparasitic medicine can potentially accelerate the elimination of Chagas disease infection in children. A pediatric presentation of benznidazole with accurate dosage and will soon be made available freely to address
    a long-standing gap in the treatment of congenital infections of Chagas disease.  

    The donation, by the Mundo Sano Foundation1 and INSud Pharma2 group to the World Health Organization (WHO), is expected to become effective soon.

    “Making benznidazole freely available for the treatment of newborns and children until the age of 19 will be a game-changer in the fight against Chagas disease” said Dr Mwelecele Ntuli Malecela, Director, WHO Department of Control
    of Neglected Tropical Diseases. “This can save future generations from developing life-threatening and fatal complications and also boost up diagnosis and treatment contributing to congenital Chagas disease elimination.”

    The three-year agreement will make available 108 000 tablets of benznidazole3 – one of the two antiparasitic medicines against Chagas disease. Treatment4 with benznidazole in the early stages of infection can cure Chagas
    disease, prevent or curb disease progression and prevent congenital transmission in pregnant women.

     “We have now added the systematic detection and treatment of all newborns and children under 19 which was not part of  our recent switch from control to elimination of congenital Chagas disease” said Dr Pedro Albajar
    Vinas, Medical Officer, WHO Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases. “In addition, screening of pregnant women at risk of infection who have not had past antiparasitic treatment provides an excellent opportunity for prevention of posterior transmission throughout pregnancy and birth.”

    Each year, an estimated 15 000 children are born from infected mothers. 

    The agreement

    The donation by Mundo Sano Foundation for the duration of the agreement comprises benznidazole:

    • 105,000 tablets of 100mg
    • 3,000 tablets of 12.5mg

    Furthermore, the Foundation may donate funds to support activities associated with distribution of medicines and is ready to consider extending this agreement beyond the specified duration of three years.

    The disease

    Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi).

    Although considerable progress has been achieved, particularly in reducing vector transmission and screening of blood and organ supply, reaching, diagnosing and providing healthcare for people most affected has been a challenge.

    Currently, under-diagnosis of Chagas disease cases is as high as 90% and under-diagnosis of congenital and paediatric cases is believed not to be lower.

    Globally, an estimated 6-7 million people are infected with T. cruzi.

    The disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American countries5. But movement of people to urban areas and to other continents has expanded its transmission through non vectorial routes, such as blood transfusion,
    congenital transmission, organ transplants and oral transmission through food contamination.

    Considering that neglected tropical disease as a growing public health problem in many countries, the World Health Assembly – WHO’s decision-making body – decided in May 2019 to commemorate World Chagas Disease Day on 14 April.

    The inaugural celebration happens this year.


    1Mundo Sano is a nonprofit international foundation working with the public and private sectors, academia, and other international organizations to provide solutions to the affected communities and generate scientific knowledge.
    In 2012, it led a public-private consortium in 2012 to produce benznidazole in Argentina.

    2Insud Pharma (formerly known as Chemo Group) specializes in research, development, manufacture, sale and marketing of active pharmaceutical ingredients and medicinal products for human and veterinary use.

    3In 2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved benznidazole for the treatment of children aged 2–12, making it the first treatment approved in the United States for Chagas disease.

    4Nifurtimox is also 100% effective in curing Chagas disease if given soon after onset of infection, including cases of congenital infection. It is donated by Bayer who pledged more than 7.5 million tablets for the period 2012-2021.

    5Argentina, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela
    (Bolivarian Republic of).

     

     

     

     

    Making available free paediatric medicine can accelerate elimination of congenital Chagas disease
    Read More
    https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/02-04-2020-making-available-free-paediatric-medicine-can-accelerate-elimination-of-congenital-chagas-disease

    Views: 0

  • Woman Suffrage

    Woman Suffrage

    31. The Crowning Victory

    It is my honest hope that nothing I’ve right here exhibited can be mistaken by the the Aristocracy and gentry for ethical indignation. No such feeling, in fact, is in my coronary heart. Moral judgments, as outdated Friedrich used to say, are international to my nature. Setting apart the huge herd which exhibits no definable character in any respect, it appears to me that the minority distinguished by what is often thought to be an extra of sin could be very far more admirable than the minority distinguished by an extra of advantage. My expertise of the world has taught me that the typical wine-bibber is a much better fellow than the typical prohibitionist, and that the typical rogue is healthier firm than the typical poor drudge, and that the worst white, slave dealer of my acquaintance is a decenter man than the very best vice crusader. In the identical manner I’m satisfied that the typical lady, no matter her deficiencies, is tremendously superior to the typical man. The very ease with which she defies and swindles him in a number of capital conditions of life is the clearest of proofs of her normal superiority. She didn’t receive her current excessive immunities as a present from the gods, however solely after a protracted and sometimes bitter combat, and in that combat she exhibited forensic and tactical skills of a really admirable order. There was no weak point of man that she didn’t penetrate and make the most of. There was no trick that she didn’t put to efficient use. There was no system so daring and inordinate that it daunted her.

    The newest and biggest fruit of this female expertise for fight is the extension of the suffrage, now common within the Protestant international locations, and even advancing in these of the Greek and Latin rites. This fruit was garnered, not by an assault en masse, however by a mere foray. I imagine that almost all of ladies, for causes that I shall presently expose, weren’t anticipating the extension, and regard it as of small worth at the moment. They know that they will get what they need with out going to the precise polls for it; furthermore, they’re out of sympathy with many of the brummagem reforms advocated by the skilled suffragists, female and male. The mere assertion of the present suffragist platform, with its lengthy listing of quack sure-cures for all of the sorrows of the world, is sufficient to make them smile sadly. In specific, they’re sceptical of all reforms that rely on the mass motion of immense numbers of voters, massive sections of whom are wholly devoid of sense. A standard lady, certainly, no extra believes in democracy within the nation than she believes in democracy at her personal fireplace; she is aware of that there should be a category to order and a category to obey, and that the 2 can by no means coalesce. Nor is she vulnerable to the inventory sentimentalities upon which the entire democratic course of is predicated. This was proven very dramatically within the United States on the nationwide election of 1920, during which the late Woodrow Wilson was introduced all the way down to colossal and ignominious defeat—the primary normal election during which all American ladies might vote. All the sentimentality of the state of affairs was on the facet of Wilson, and but absolutely three-fourths of the newly-enfranchised ladies voters voted in opposition to him. He is, regardless of his skills for deception, a poor well-liked psychologist, and so he made a clumsy effort to fetch the women by tear-squeezing: each connoisseur will keep in mind his bathos about breaking the center of the world. Well, only a few ladies imagine in damaged hearts, and the trigger isn’t far to hunt: virtually each lady above the age of twenty-five has a damaged coronary heart. That is to say, she has been vastly upset, both by failing to nab some fairly fellow that her coronary heart was set on, or, worse, by truly nabbing him, after which discovering him to be a bounder or an imbecile, or each. Thus strolling the world with damaged hearts, ladies know that the harm isn’t critical. When he pulled out the Vox angelica cease and commenced sobbing and snuffling and blowing his nostril tragically, the discovered physician merely drove all the ladies voters into the arms of the Hon. Warren Gamaliel Harding, who was too silly to invent any points in any respect, however merely took detrimental benefit of the mistrust aroused by his opponent.

    Once the ladies of Christendom grow to be comfortable in using the poll, and eliminate the preposterous harridans who obtained it for them and who now search to inform them what to do with it, they’ll proceed to a scotching of lots of the sentimentalities which at the moment corrupt politics. For one factor, I imagine that they’ll provoke measures in opposition to democracy—the worst evil of the present-day world. When they arrive to the matter, they’ll actually not ordain the extension of the suffrage to youngsters, criminals and the insane briefly, to these ever extra inflammable and knavish than the male hinds who’ve loved it for therefore lengthy; they’ll attempt to result in its restriction, little by little, to the small minority that’s clever, agnostic and self-possessed—say six ladies to at least one man. Thus, out of their larger intuition for actuality, they’ll make democracy protected for a democracy.

    The curse of man, and the reason for almost all his woes, is his stupendous capability for believing the unbelievable. He is endlessly embracing delusions, and every new one is worse than all which have gone earlier than. But the place is the delusion that ladies cherish—I imply habitually, firmly, passionately? Who will draw up an inventory of propositions, held and maintained by them in sober earnest, which are clearly not true? (I allude right here, in fact, to real ladies, to not suffragettes and different such pseudo-males). As for me, I mustn’t prefer to undertake such an inventory. I do know of nothing, the truth is, that correctly belongs to it. Women, as a category, imagine in not one of the ludicrous rights, duties and pious obligations that males are endlessly gabbling about. Their superior intelligence is on no account extra eloquently demonstrated than by their ironical view of all such phantasmagoria. Their recurring angle towards males is considered one of aloof disdain, and their recurring angle towards what males imagine in, and get into sweats about, and bellow for, is considerably the identical. It takes twice as lengthy to transform a physique of ladies to some new fallacy because it takes to transform a physique of males, and even then they halt, hesitate and are filled with mordant criticisms. The ladies of Colorado had been voting for 21 years earlier than they succumbed to prohibition sufficiently to permit the person voters of the state to undertake it; their very own majority voice was in opposition to it to the top. During the interval the boys voters of a dozen non-suffrage American states had gone shrieking to the mourners’ bench. In California, enfranchised in 1911, the ladies rejected the dry revelation in 1914. National prohibition was adopted throughout the struggle with out their votes—they didn’t get the franchise all through the nation till it was within the Constitution—and it’s with out their assist at the moment. The American man, regardless of his status for lawlessness, is definitely very a lot afraid of the police, and in all of the areas the place prohibition is now truly enforced he makes excuses for his poltroonish acceptance of it by arguing that it’ll do him good in the long term, or that he must sacrifice his personal needs to the widespread weal. But it’s virtually unattainable to search out an American lady of any tradition who’s in favour of it. One and all, they’re against the turmoil and corruption that it entails, and resentful of the invasion of liberty underlying it. Being realists, they haven’t any perception in any program which proposes to remedy the pure swinishness of males by laws. Every regular lady believes, and fairly precisely, that the typical man could be very very like her husband, John, and he or she is aware of very properly that John is a weak, foolish and knavish fellow, and that any effort to transform him into an archangel in a single day is certain to come back to grief. As for her view of the typical creature of her personal intercourse, it’s marked by a cynicism so penetrating and so damaging {that a} clear assertion of it might shock past endurance.

    32. The Woman Voter

    Thus there’s not the slightest likelihood that the enfranchised ladies of Protestantdom, as soon as they grow to be comfortable in using the poll, will give any heed to the ex-suffragettes who now presume to guide and instruct them in politics. Years in the past I predicted that these suffragettes, tried out by victory, would grow to be idiots. They are actually onerous at work proving it. Half of them dedicate themselves to advocating reforms, mainly of a sexual character, so totally preposterous that even male politicians and newspaper editors snort at them; the opposite half succumb absurdly to the blandishments of the old-time male politicians, and so enroll themselves within the nice political events. A lady who joins considered one of these events merely turns into an imitation man, which is to say, a donkey. Thereafter she is nothing however an obscure cog in an historical and creaking machine, the only intelligible function of which is to keep up a horde of scoundrels in public workplace. Her vote is immediately set off by the vote of some sister who joins the opposite camorra. Parenthetically, I could add that all the girls to take to this political immolation appear to me to be frightfully plain. I do know these of England, Germany and Scandinavia solely by their portraits within the illustrated papers, however these of the United States I’ve studied at shut vary at numerous massive political gatherings, together with the 2 nationwide conventions first following the extension of the suffrage. I’m certainly no fastidious fellow—the truth is, I choose a sure melancholy decay in ladies to the loud, circus-wagon brilliance of youth—however I provide you with my phrase that there have been not 5 ladies at both nationwide conference who might have embraced me in digital camera with out first giving me chloral. Some of the chief stateswomen on present, the truth is, had been so downright hideous that I felt faint each time I had to have a look at them.

    The reform-monging suffragists appear to be equally devoid of the extra caressing items. They could also be full of altruistic ardour, however they actually have dangerous complexions, and never a lot of them know costume their hair. Nine-tenths of them advocate reforms aimed on the alleged lubricity of the male-the single normal, medical certificates for bridegrooms, birth-control, and so forth. The motive right here, I imagine, is mere rage and jealousy. The lady who isn’t pursued units up the doctrine that pursuit is offensive to her intercourse, and needs to make it a felony. No genuinely engaging lady has any such want. She likes masculine admiration, nevertheless violently expressed, and is kind of capable of maintain herself. More, she is properly conscious that only a few males are daring sufficient to supply it and not using a plain invitation, and this consciousness makes her extraordinarily cynical of all ladies who complain of being harassed, beset, storied, and seduced. All the extra clever ladies that I do know, certainly, are unanimously of the opinion that no woman in her proper senses has ever been truly seduced for the reason that world started; at any time when they hear of a case, they sympathize with the person. Yet extra, the traditional lady of vigorous charms, roving about amongst males, all the time tries to attract the admiration of those that have beforehand admired elsewhere; she prefers the skilled to the novice, and estimates her talent by the attractiveness of the huntresses who’ve hitherto stalked it. The iron-faced suffragist propagandist, if she will get a person in any respect, should get one wholly with out sentimental expertise. If he has any, her crude manoeuvres make him snort and he’s repelled by her lack of pulchritude and amiability. All such suffragists (save a couple of miraculous beauties) marry ninth-rate males after they marry in any respect. They need to put up with the kind of castoffs who’re virtually able to fall in love with girl physicists, embryologists, and embalmers.

    Fortunately for the human race, the campaigns of those indignant viragoes will come to naught. Men will carry on pursuing ladies till hell freezes over, and ladies will hold luring them on. If the latter enterprise had been deserted, the truth is, the entire recreation of affection would play out, for not many males take any discover of ladies spontaneously. Nine males out of ten can be fairly glad, I imagine, if there have been no ladies on the planet, as soon as they’d grown accustomed to the quiet. Practically all males are their happiest when they’re engaged upon actions—for instance, consuming, playing, looking, enterprise, journey—to which ladies usually are not ordinarily admitted. It is ladies who seduce them from such celibate doings. The hare postures and gyrates in entrance of the hound. The strategy to put an finish to the gaudy crimes that the suffragist alarmists speak about is to shave the heads of all the gorgeous ladies on the planet, and pluck out their eyebrows, and pull their enamel, and put them in khaki, and forbid them to wriggle on dance-floors, or to put on scents, or to make use of lip-sticks, or to roll their eyes. Reform, as ordinary, errors the fish for the fly.

    33. A Glance Into the Future

    The current public prosperity of the ex-suffragettes is mainly as a consequence of the truth that the old-time male politicians, being naturally very silly, mistake them for spokesmen for the entire physique of ladies, and so present them politeness. But quickly or late—and possibly disconcertingly quickly—the good mass of smart and agnostic ladies will flip upon them and depose them, and thereafter the girl vote can be now not on the disposal of bogus Great Thinkers and messiahs. If the suffragettes proceed to fill the newspapers with nonsense, as soon as that change has been effected, will probably be solely as a minority sect of tolerated idiots, just like the Swedenborgians, Christian Scientists, Seventh Day Adventists and different such fanatics of at the moment. This was the historical past of the extension of the suffrage in all the American states that made it earlier than the nationwide enfranchisement of ladies and will probably be repeated within the nation at massive, and in Great Britain and on the Continent. Women usually are not taken in by quackery as readily as males are; the hardness of their shell of logic makes it troublesome to penetrate to their feelings. For one lady who testifies publicly that she has been cured of most cancers by some swindling patent drugs, there are no less than twenty masculine witnesses. Even such frauds because the favorite American elixir, Lydia Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound, that are ostensibly treatments for particularly female ills, anatomically unattainable within the male, are mainly swallowed, so an clever druggist tells me, by males.

    My personal perception, based mostly on elaborate inquiries and lengthy meditation, is that the grant of the poll to ladies marks the hid however none the much less actual starting of an enchancment in our politics, and, in the long run, in our complete idea of presidency. As issues stand, an clever grappling with a few of the capital issues of the commonwealth is nearly unattainable. A politician usually prospers underneath democracy, not in proportion as his rules are sound and his honour incorruptible, however in proportion as she excels within the manufacture of sonorous phrases, and the invention of imaginary perils and imaginary defences in opposition to them. Our politics thus degenerates right into a mere pursuit of hobgoblins; the male voter, a coward in addition to an ass, is endlessly taking fright at a brand new one and electing some mountebank to put it. For 100 years previous the folks of the United States, probably the most horrible current democratic state, have scarcely had a political marketing campaign that was not based mostly upon some preposterous concern—first of slavery after which of the manumitted slave, first of capitalism after which of communism, first of the outdated after which of the novel. It is a peculiarity of ladies that they don’t seem to be simply set off by such alarms, that they don’t fall readily into such facile tumults and phobias. What begins a male assembly to snuffling and trembling most violently is exactly the factor that may trigger a feminine assembly to smell. What we’d like, to beat back mobocracy and safeguard a civilized type of authorities, is extra of this sniffing. What we’d like—and in the long run it should come—is a sniff so highly effective that it’ll name a halt upon the navigation of the ship from the forecastle, and put a reliable employees on the bridge, and lay a course that’s describable in intelligible phrases.

    The officers nominated by the male citizens in fashionable democracies earlier than the extension of the suffrage had been normally chosen, not for his or her competence however for his or her mere expertise for idiocy; they mirrored precisely the male weak point for no matter is rhetorical and mawkish and feeble and unfaithful. Consider, for instance, what occurred in a salient case. Every 4 years the male voters of the United States selected from amongst themselves one who was put ahead as the person most match, of all resident males, to be the primary citizen of the commonwealth. He was chosen after interminable dialogue; his {qualifications} had been totally canvassed; very massive powers and dignities had been put into his arms. Well, what did we generally discover after we examined this gentleman? We discovered, not a profound thinker, not a frontrunner of sound opinion, not a person of notable sense, however merely a wholesaler of notions so childish that they need to wants disgust a sentient suckling—briefly, a spouting geyser of fallacies and sentimentalities, a cataract of unsupported assumptions and hole moralizings, a tedious phrase-merchant and platitudinarian, a fellow whose noblest flights of thought had been flattered after they had been known as understandable—particularly, a Wilson, a Taft, a Roosevelt, or a Harding.

    This was the male champion. I don’t enterprise upon the cruelty of evaluating his bombastic flummeries to the clear reasoning of a lady of like fame and place; all I ask of you is that you simply weigh them, for sense, for shrewdness, for clever grasp of obscure relations, for mental honesty and braveness, with the concepts of the typical midwife.

    34. The Suffragette

    I’ve spoken with some disdain of the suffragette. What is the matter along with her, essentially, is straightforward: she is a lady who has stupidly carried her envy of sure of the superficial privileges of males to such a degree that it takes on the character of an obsession, and makes her blind to their worthless and sometimes mainly imaginary character. In specific, she centres this frenzy of hers upon one particular privilege, to wit, the alleged privilege of promiscuity in amour, the trendy droit du seigneur. Read the books of the chief girl Savonarolas, and you can find working by means of them an hysterical denunciation of what’s known as the double normal of morality; there’s, certainly, a complete literature devoted completely to it. The existence of this double normal appears to drive the poor ladies half frantic. They bellow raucously for its abrogation, and demand that the frivolous male be visited with much more idiotic penalties than these which now go to the aberrant feminine; some even advocate gravely his mutilation by surgical procedure, that he could also be pressured into rectitude by a bodily incapacity for sin.

    All this, in fact, is hocus-pocus, and the considered usually are not deceived by it for an immediate. What these virtuous bel dames truly want of their hearts isn’t that the male be decreased to chemical purity, however that the franchise of dalliance be prolonged to themselves. The most basic acquaintance with Freudian psychology exposes their secret animus. Unable to ensnare males underneath the current system, or in any respect occasions, unable to ensnare males sufficiently appetizing to arouse the envy of different ladies, they leap to the idea that it might be simpler if the foundations had been much less exacting. This idea exposes their deficiency within the chief character of their intercourse: correct statement. The reality is that, even when they possessed the liberty that males are supposed to own, they might nonetheless discover it troublesome to attain their ambition, for the typical man, no matter his stupidity, is no less than eager sufficient in judgment to choose a single wink from a genuinely engaging lady to the final delirious favours of the everyday suffragette. Thus the idea of the whoopers and snorters of the trigger, in its esoteric in addition to in its public side, is unsound. They are merely ladies who, of their tastes and processes of thoughts, are two-thirds males, and the actual fact explains their failure to attain presentable husbands, and even consolatory betrayal, fairly as successfully because it explains the prepared credence they offer to political and philosophical absurdities.

    35. A Mythical Dare-Devil

    The reality is that the image of male carnality that such ladies conjure up belongs virtually wholly to fable, as I’ve already noticed in coping with the sophistries of Dr. Eliza Burt Gamble, a paralogist on a considerably increased airplane. As they depict him of their fevered treatises on illegitimacy, white-slave buying and selling and ophthalmia neonatorum, the typical male grownup of the Christian and cultured international locations leads a lifetime of gaudy lubricity, rolling magnificently from one liaison to a different, and with an virtually limitless queue of ruined milliners, dancers, charwomen, parlour-maids and waitresses behind him, all dying of poison and despair. The lifetime of man, as these furiously envious ones see it, is the lifetime of a number one actor in a boulevard revue. He is a polygamous, multigamous, myriadigamous; an insatiable and unconscionable debauche, a monster of promiscuity; prodigiously untrue to his spouse, and even to his associates’ wives; fathomlessly libidinous and fantastically glad.

    Needless to say, this image bears no extra relation to the information than a dissertation on main technique by a navy “expert” promoted from dramatic critic. If the chief suffragette scare mongers (I communicate with none embarrassing naming of names) had been engaging sufficient to males to get close to sufficient to sufficient males to know sufficient about them for his or her function they might paralyze the Dorcas societies with no such cajoling libels. As a matter of sober reality, the typical man of our time and race is kind of incapable of all these incandescent and intriguing divertisements. He is way extra virtuous than they make him out, far much less schooled in sin, far much less enterprising and ruthless. I don’t say, in fact, that he’s pure in coronary heart, for the possibilities are that he is not; what I do say is that, within the overwhelming majority of instances, he’s pure in act, even within the face of temptation. And why? For a number of major causes, not to enter minor ones. One is that he lacks the braveness. Another is that he lacks the cash. Another is that he’s essentially ethical, and has a conscience. It takes extra sinful initiative than he has in him to plunge into any affair save probably the most informal and sordid; it takes extra ingenuity and intrepidity than he has in him to hold it off; it takes extra money than he can conceal from his consort to finance it. A person might power his precise spouse to share the direst poverty, however even the least vampirish lady of the third half calls for to be courted in what, contemplating his station in life, is the grand method, and the bills of that grand method scare off all save a small minority of specialists in deception. So lengthy, certainly, as a spouse is aware of her husband’s revenue precisely, she has a positive technique of holding him to his oaths.

    Even more practical than the fiscal barrier is the barrier of poltroonery. The one character that distinguishes man from the opposite increased vertebrate, certainly, is his extreme timorousness, his simple yielding to alarms, his incapacity for journey and not using a crowd behind him. In his regular incarnation he’s no extra able to initiating an extra-legal affair—in any respect occasions, above the mawkish harmlessness of a flirting match with a cigar woman in a cafe-than he’s of scaling the battlements of hell. He likes to consider himself doing it, simply as he likes to consider himself main a cavalry cost or climbing the Matterhorn. Often, certainly, his self-importance leads him to think about the factor carried out, and he admits by winks and blushes that he’s a nasty one. But on the backside of all that tawdry pretence there’s normally nothing extra materials than an oafish smirk at some disgusted shop-girl, or a scraping of shins underneath the desk. Let any lady who’s disquieted by stories of her husband’s derelictions determine to herself how lengthy it might have taken him to suggest to her if left to his personal enterprise, after which let her ask herself if that’s the case pusillanimous a creature may very well be imaged within the position of Don Giovanni.

    Finally, there’s his conscience—the amassed sediment of ancestral faintheartedness in numerous generations, with imprecise spiritual fears and superstitions to leaven and mellow it. What! a conscience? Yes, expensive associates, a conscience. That conscience could also be imperfect, inept, unintelligent, brummagem. It could also be indistinguishable, at instances, from the mere concern that somebody could also be wanting. It could also be shot by means of with hypocrisy, stupidity, play-acting. But nonetheless, as consciences go in Christendom, it’s genuinely entitled to the identify—and it’s all the time in motion. A person, keep in mind, isn’t a being in vacuo; he’s the fruit and slave of the atmosphere that bathes him. One can not enter the House of Commons, the United States Senate, or a jail for felons with out changing into, in some measure, a rascal. One can not fall overboard with out transport water. One can not cross by means of a contemporary college with out carrying away scars. And by the identical token one can not dwell and have one’s being in a contemporary democratic state, 12 months in and 12 months out, with out falling, to some extent no less than, underneath that ethical obsession which is the hall-mark of the mob-man let out. A citizen of such a state, his nostril buried in Nietzsche, “Man and Superman,” and different such superior literature, might caress himself with the notion that he’s an immoralist, that his soul is stuffed with soothing sin, that he has reduce himself free from the revelation of God. But all of the whereas there is part of him that continues to be a sound Christian, a moralist, a proper considering and forward-looking man. And that half, in instances of stress, asserts itself. It might not fear him on unusual events. It might not cease him when he swears, or takes a nip of whiskey behind the door, or goes motoring on Sunday; it might even let him alone when he goes to a leg-show. But the second a concrete Temptress rises earlier than him, her nostril snow-white, her lips rouged, her eyelashes drooping provokingly—the second such an deserted wench has at him, and his lack of prepared funds begins to conspire together with his lack of braveness to assault and wobble him—at that exact second his conscience flares into operate, and so finishes his enterprise. First he sees problem, then he sees the hazard, then he sees improper. The result’s that he slinks off in trepidation, and one other vampire is baffled of her prey.

    It is, certainly, the key scandal of Christendom, no less than within the Protestant areas, that almost all males are trustworthy to their wives. You will a journey a great distance earlier than you discover a married man who will admit that he’s, however the information are the information, and I’m certainly not one to flout them.

    36. The Origin of a Delusion

    The origin of the delusion that the typical man is a Leopold II or Augustus the Strong, with the amorous expertise of a guinea pig, isn’t far to hunt. It lies in three elements, the which I rehearse briefly:

    1. The idiotic self-importance of males, resulting in their everlasting boasting, both by open mendacity or sinister hints.

    2. The notions of vice crusaders, nonconformist divines, Y. M. C. A. secretaries, and different such libidinous poltroons as to what they might do themselves if they’d the braveness.

    3. The ditto of sure suffragettes as to ditto.

    Here you may have the genesis of a generalization that offers the much less vital kind of ladies a substantial amount of pointless uneasiness and vastly augments the pure conceit of males. Some pornographic outdated fellow, within the discharge of his duties as director of an anti-vice society, places in a night ploughing by means of such books as “The Memoirs of Fanny Hill,” Casanova’s Confessions, the Cena Trimalchionis of Gaius Petronius, and II Samuel. From this perusal he arises with the conviction that life amid the purple lights should be one stupendous whirl of deviltry, that the clerks he sees in Broadway or Piccadilly at evening are out for revels that may have brought about protests in Sodom and Nineveh, that the typical man who chooses hell leads an existence akin to that of a Mormon bishop, that the world outdoors the Bible class is packed like a sardine-can with betrayed salesgirls, that each man who would not imagine that Jonah swallowed the whale spends his complete leisure leaping by means of the seventh hoop of the Decalogue. “If I were not saved and anointed of God,” whispers the vice director into his personal ear, “that is what I, the Rev. Dr. Jasper Barebones, would be doing. The late King David did it; he was human, and hence immoral. The late King Edward VII was not beyond suspicion: the very numeral in his name has its suggestions. Millions of others go the same route…. Ergo, Up, guards, and at ’em! Bring me the pad of blank warrants! Order out the seachlights and scaling-ladders! Swear in four hundred more policemen! Let us chase these hell-hounds out of Christendom, and make the world safe for monogamy, poor working girls, and infant damnation!”

    Thus the hound of heaven, arguing fallaciously from his personal secret aspirations. Where he makes his mistake is in assuming that the unconsecrated, whereas sharing his longing to debauch and betray, are free from his different weaknesses, e.g., his timidity, his lack of resourcefulness, his conscience. As I’ve mentioned, they don’t seem to be. The overwhelming majority of those that seem within the public haunts of sin are there, to not interact in overt acts of ribaldry, however merely to tremble agreeably upon the sting of the abyss. They are the identical skittish experimentalists, exactly, who throng the halfway at a world’s honest, and go to smutty exhibits, and soak up intercourse magazines, and browse the kind of books that our vice crusading pal reads. They prefer to conjure up the charms of carnality, and to assist out their considerably sluggish imaginations by precise peeps at it, however with regards to taking a forthright header into the sulphur they normally fail to muster up the braveness. For one clerk who succumbs to the houris of the pave, there are 5 hundred who succumb to lack of means, the warnings of the intercourse hygienists, and their very own miserable consciences. For one “clubman”—i.e., bagman or suburban vestryman—who invades the ladies’s outlets, engages the love of some harmless miss, lures her into infamy after which sells her to the Italians, there are one thousand who by no means get any additional than asking the worth of cologne water and discharging a couple of furtive winks. And for one husband of the Nordic race who maintains a blonde refrain woman in oriental luxurious across the nook, there are ten thousand who’re as true to their wives, 12 months in and 12 months out, as so many convicts within the death-house, and can be no extra able to any such loathsome malpractice, even within the face of free alternative, than they might be of slicing off the ears of their younger.

    I’m sorry to explode a lot romance. In specific, I’m sorry for the suffragettes who specialize within the double normal, for after they get into pantaloons eventually, and have the brand new freedom, they’ll uncover to their sorrow that they’ve been pursuing a chimera—that there’s actually no such animal because the male anarchist they’ve been denouncing and envying—that the wholesale fornication of man, no less than underneath Christian democracy, has little extra precise existence than trustworthy promoting or sound cooking. They have adopted the porno maniacs in embracing a bit of buncombe, and when the day of deliverance comes it is going to flip to ashes of their arms.

    Their error, as I say, lies in overestimating the braveness and enterprise of man. They themselves, barring mere bodily valour, a top quality during which the typical man is way exceeded by the typical jackal or wolf, have extra of each. If the implications, to a person, of the slightest descent from virginity had been one-tenth as swift and barbarous as the implications to a younger woman in like case, it might take a division of infantry to dredge up a single male flouter of that lex talionis in the entire western world. As issues stand at the moment, even with the percentages so tremendously in his favour, the typical male hesitates and is thus not misplaced. Turn to the statistics of the vice crusaders should you doubt it. They present that the weekly receipts of feminine recruits upon the wharves of sin are all the time greater than the demand; that extra younger ladies enter upon the vermilion profession than could make respectable livings at it; that the stress of the temptation they maintain out is the chief consider corrupting our undergraduates. What was the primary act of the American Army when it started summoning its younger clerks and faculty boys and plough arms to conscription camps? Its first act was to mark off a so-called ethical zone round every camp, and to safe it with trenches and machine weapons, and to place a variety of volunteer termagants to patrolling it, that the assembled jeunesse is likely to be protected of their rectitude from the immoral advances of the adjoining milkmaids and poor working ladies.

    37. Women as Martyrs

    I’ve given three causes for the prosperity of the notion that man is a pure polygamist, bent eternally upon recent dives into Lake of Brimstone No. 7. To these one other must be added: the thirst for martyrdom which exhibits itself in so many ladies, significantly underneath the upper types of civilization. This unhealthy urge for food, the truth is, could also be described as considered one of civilization’s ailments; it’s virtually exceptional in additional primitive societies. The savage lady, unprotected by her impolite tradition and compelled to heavy and relentless labour, has retained her bodily power and with it her honesty and self-respect. The civilized lady, steadily degenerated by a larger ease, and helped down that hill by the pretensions of civilized man, has turned her infirmity right into a advantage, and so impacts a feebleness that’s truly far past the truth. It is by this route that she will be able to most successfully disarm masculine mistrust, and get what she desires. Man is flattered by any acknowledgment, nevertheless insincere, of his superior power and capability. He likes to be leaned upon, appealed to, adopted docilely. And this tribute to his would possibly caresses him on the psychic airplane in addition to on the airplane of the clearly bodily. He not solely enjoys serving to a lady over a gutter; he additionally enjoys serving to her dry her tears. The result’s the huge pretence that characterizes the relations of the sexes underneath civilization—the double pretence of man’s crafty and autonomy and of lady’s dependence and deference. Man is all the time in search of somebody to boast to; lady is all the time in search of a shoulder to place her head on.

    This female affectation, in fact, has steadily taken on the power of a hard and fast behavior, and so it’s got a sure assist, by a well-recognized technique of self-delusion, in actuality. The civilized lady inherits that behavior as she inherits her crafty. She is born half satisfied that she is actually as weak and helpless as she later pretends to be, and the prevailing folklore gives her limitless corroboration. One of the resultant phenomena is the enjoyment of martyrdom that one so usually finds in ladies, and significantly within the least alert and introspective of them. They take a heavy, unhealthy pleasure in struggling; it subtly pleases them to be onerous put upon; they prefer to image themselves as slaughtered saints. Thus they all the time discover one thing to complain of; the very situations of home life give them a superabundance of medical materials. And if, by any likelihood, such materials exhibits a falling off, they’re uneasy and sad. Let a lady have a husband whose conduct isn’t moderately open to query, and she’s going to invent legendary offences to make him bearable. And if her invention fails she can be plunged into the utmost distress and humiliation. This reality most likely explains many mysterious divorces: the husband was not too dangerous, however too good. For public opinion amongst ladies, keep in mind, doesn’t favour the girl who is stuffed with a placid contentment and has no masculine torts to report; if she says that her husband is wholly passable she is seemed upon as a numskull much more dense that he’s himself. A person, talking of his spouse to different males, all the time praises her extravagantly. Boasting about her soothes his self-importance; he likes to fire up the envy of his fellows. But when two ladies speak of their husbands it’s primarily atrocities that they describe. The most esteemed lady gossip is the one with the longest and most numerous repertoire of complaints.

    This craving for martyrdom explains one of many generally famous characters of ladies: their keen aptitude for bearing bodily ache. As now we have seen, they’ve truly a very good deal much less endurance than males; large accidents shock them extra severely and kill them extra rapidly. But when acute algesia is unaccompanied by any profounder phenomena they’re undoubtedly capable of bear it with a far larger present of resignation. The motive isn’t far to hunt. In ache a person sees solely an invasion of his liberty, power and shallowness. It flooring him, masters him, and makes him ridiculous. But a lady, extra refined and devious in her processes of thoughts, senses the dramatic impact that the spectacle of her struggling makes upon the spectators, already full of compassion for her feebleness. She would thus a lot somewhat be praised for dealing with ache with a martyr’s fortitude than for devising some technique of eliminating it–the first considered a person. No lady might have invented chloroform, nor, for that matter, alcohol. Both medicine supply an escape from conditions and experiences that, even in aggravated kinds, ladies relish. The lady who drinks as males drink—that’s, to boost her threshold of sensation and ease the agony of dwelling—almost all the time exhibits a deficiency in female characters and an undue preponderance of masculine characters. Almost invariably you can find her useless and boastful, and filled with different marks of that bombastic exhibitionism which is so sterlingly male.

    38. Pathological Effects

    This female yearning for martyrdom, in fact, usually takes on a downright pathological character, and so engages the psychiatrist. Women present many different traits of the identical type. To be a lady underneath our Christian civilization, certainly, means to dwell a life that’s heavy with repression and dissimulation, and this repression and dissimulation, in the long term, can not fail to provide results which are indistinguishable from illness. You will discover a few of them described at size in any handbook on psychoanalysis. The Viennese, Adler, and the Dane, Poul Bjerre, argue, certainly, that womanliness itself, as it’s encountered underneath Christianity, is a illness. All ladies endure from a suppressed revolt in opposition to the inhibitions pressured upon them by our synthetic tradition, and this suppressed revolt, by well-known Freudian means, produces a posh of psychological signs that’s acquainted to all of us. At one finish of the size we observe the suffragette, along with her grotesque adoption of the male perception in legal guidelines, phrases and talismans, and her hysterical demand for a sexual libertarianism that she couldn’t put to make use of if she had it. And on the different finish we discover the snuffling and neurotic lady, along with her bogus martyrdom, her extravagant pruderies and her pathological delusions. As Ibsen noticed way back, it is a man’s world. Women have damaged a lot of their outdated chains, however they’re nonetheless enmeshed in a formidable community of artificial taboos and sentimentalities, and it’ll take them one other era, no less than, to get real freedom. That that is true is proven by the deep unrest that but marks the intercourse, regardless of its latest progress towards social, political and financial equality. It is nearly unattainable to discover a man who actually needs that he had been a lady, however virtually each lady, at a while or different in her life, is gnawed by a remorse that she isn’t a person.

    Two of the toughest issues that ladies need to bear are (a) the silly masculine disinclination to confess their mental superiority, and even their equality, and even their possession of a standard human gear for thought, and (b) the equally silly masculine doctrine that they represent a particular and ineffable species of vertebrate, with out the pure instincts and appetites of the order—to adapt a phrase from Hackle, that they’re transcendental and virtually gaseous mammals, and marked by a whole lack of sure salient mammalian characters. The first imbecility has already involved us at size. One finds traces of it even in works professedly dedicated to disposing of it. In one such guide, for instance, I come across this: “What all the skill and constructive capacity of the physicians in the Crimean War failed to accomplish Florence Nightingale accomplished by her beautiful femininity and nobility of soul.” In different phrases, by her possession of some recondite and indescribable magic, sharply separated from the unusual psychological processes of man. The idea is unsound and preposterous. Miss Nightingale completed her helpful work, not by magic, however by onerous widespread sense. The drawback earlier than her was merely considered one of group. Many males had tackled it, and all of them had failed stupendously. What she did was to convey her female sharpness of wit, her female clear-thinking, to bear upon it. Thus attacked, it yielded rapidly, and as soon as it had been dropped at order it was simple for different individuals to hold on what she had begun. But the opinion of a person’s world nonetheless prefers to credit score her success to some mysterious angelical high quality, unstatable in lucid phrases and having no extra actuality than the divine inspiration of an archbishop. Her terribly acute and correct intelligence is thus conveniently put upon the desk, and the amour propre of man is stored inviolate. To confess frankly that she had extra sense than any male Englishman of her era can be to utter a reality too harsh to be bearable.

    The second delusion generally exhibits itself within the idea, already mentioned, that ladies are devoid of any intercourse intuition—that they undergo the odious caresses of the lubricious male solely by a strong effort of the need, and with the only object of discharging their responsibility to posterity. It can be unattainable to enter this delusion with correct candour and at due size in a piece designed for studying aloud within the home circle; all I can do is to refer the scholar to the books of any competent authority on the psychology of intercourse, say Ellis, or to the confidences (if they’re obtainable) of any complaisant bachelor of his acquaintance.

    39. Women as Christians

    The glad tidings preached by Christ had been clearly extremely beneficial to ladies. He lifted them to equality earlier than the Lord when their very possession of souls was nonetheless doubted by the vast majority of rival theologians. Moreover, He esteemed them socially and set worth upon their sagacity, and one of the crucial disdained of their intercourse, a girl previously in public life, was amongst His common advisers. Mariolatry is thus on no account the invention of the mediaeval popes, as Protestant theologians would have us imagine. On the opposite, it’s plainly discernible within the Four Gospels. What the mediaeval popes truly invented (or, to be exact, reinvented, for they merely borrowed the weather of it from St. Paul) was the doctrine of ladies’s inferiority, the exact reverse of the factor credited to them. Committed, for sound causes of self-discipline, to the celibacy of the clergy, they needed to assist it by depicting all visitors with ladies within the mild of a hazardous and ignominious enterprise. The consequence was the deliberate group and improvement of the idea of feminine triviality, lack of duty and normal looseness of thoughts. Woman turned a kind of satan, however with out the admired intelligence of the common demons. The look of ladies saints, nevertheless, provided a continuing and embarrassing criticism of this idiotic doctrine. If occasional ladies had been match to take a seat upon the appropriate hand of God—and so they had been usually proving it, and forcing the church to acknowledge it—then certainly all ladies couldn’t be as dangerous because the books made them out. There thus arose the idea of the angelic lady, the pure vestal; we see her at full size within the romances of mediaeval chivalry. What emerged in the long run was a kind of double doctrine, first that ladies had been devils and secondly that they had been angels. This preposterous dualism has merged, as now we have seen, right into a compromise dogma in fashionable instances. By that dogma it’s held, on the one hand, that ladies are unintelligent and immoral, and alternatively, that they’re free from all these weaknesses of the flesh which distinguish males. This, roughly talking, is the notion of the typical male numskull at the moment.

    Christianity has thus each libelled ladies and flattered them, however with the load all the time on the facet of the libel. It is subsequently, at backside, their enemy, as the faith of Christ, now wholly extinct, was their pal. And as they steadily throw off the shackles which have certain them for a thousand years they present appreciation of the actual fact. Women, certainly, usually are not naturally spiritual, and they’re rising much less and fewer spiritual as 12 months chases 12 months. Their unusual devotion has little if any pious exaltation in it; it’s a routine apply, power on them by the masculine notion that an look of holiness is correct to their lowly station, and a masculine feeling that church-going in some way retains them so as, and out of doings that may be much less reassuring. When they exhibit any real spiritual fervour, its sexual character is normally so apparent that even the vast majority of males are cognizant of it. Women by no means go flocking ecstatically to a church during which the agent of God within the pulpit is an aged asthmatic with a watchful spouse. When one finds them pushed to frenzies by the deserves of the saints, and weeping over the sorrows of the heathen, and dashing out to haul the entire vicinage as much as grace, and spending hours on their knees in hysterical abasement earlier than the heavenly throne, it’s fairly protected to imagine, even with out an precise go to, that the ecclesiastic who has labored the miracle is a good and toothsome fellow, and a very good deal extra aphrodisiacal than discovered. All the good preachers to ladies in fashionable instances have been males of suave and ingratiating behavior, and the good majority of them, from Henry Ward Beecher up and down, have been taken, quickly or late, in transactions way more appropriate to the boudoir than to the footstool of the Almighty. Their well-known killings have all the time been made among the many silliest kind of ladies—the type, briefly, who fall so wanting the traditional acumen of their intercourse that they’re bemused by mere magnificence in males.

    Such ladies are in a minority, and so the intercourse exhibits a very good deal fewer spiritual lovers per mille than the intercourse of sentiment and perception. Attending, a number of years in the past, the gladiatorial exhibits of the Rev. Dr. Billy Sunday, the celebrated American pulpit-clown, I used to be always struck by the good preponderance of males within the pen dedicated to the saved. Men of all ages and in monumental numbers got here swarming to the altar, loudly bawling for assist in opposition to their sins, however the ladies had been something however quite a few, and the few who appeared had been mainly both chlorotic adolescents or pathetic outdated Saufschwestern. For six nights working I sat straight beneath the gifted exhorter with out seeing a single feminine convert of what statisticians name the child-bearing age—that’s, the age of most intelligence and attraction. Among the male simpletons bagged by his yells throughout this time had been the president of a railroad, half a dozen wealthy bankers and retailers, and the previous governor of an American state. But not a lady of comparable place or dignity. Not a lady that any self-respecting bachelor would care to chuck underneath the chin.

    This cynical view of non secular emotionalism, and with it of the entire inventory of ecclesiastical balderdash, might be accountable, no less than partially, for the reluctance of ladies to enter upon the sacerdotal profession. In these Christian sects which nonetheless bar them from the pulpit—normally on the imperfectly hid floor that they don’t seem to be equal to its alleged calls for upon the morals and the mind—one by no means hears of them protesting in opposition to the prohibition; they’re fairly content material to depart the degrading imposture to males, who’re higher fitted for it by expertise and conscience. And in these baroque sects, mainly American, which admit them they present no eagerness to placed on the stole and chasuble. When the primary clergywoman appeared within the United States, it was predicted by alarmists that males can be pushed out of the pulpit by the brand new competitors. Nothing of the type has occurred, neither is it in prospect. The complete corps of feminine divines within the nation is likely to be herded into one small room. Women, when literate in any respect, are far too clever to make efficient ecclesiastics. Their sharp sense of actuality is in limitless opposition to the entire sacerdotal masquerade, and their cynical humour stands in opposition to the snorting that’s inseparable from pulpit oratory.

    Those ladies who enter upon the spiritual life are virtually invariably moved by some motive distinct from mere pious irritation. It is a commonplace, certainly, that, in Catholic international locations, ladies are pushed into convents by financial concerns or by disasters of amour far oftener than they’re drawn there by the hope of heaven. Read the lives of the feminine saints, and you will notice what number of of them tried marriage and failed at it earlier than ever they turned to faith. In Protestant lands only a few ladies undertake it as a occupation in any respect, and among the many few a secular impulse is nearly all the time seen. The woman who’s out of the blue overcome by a want to minister to the heathen in international lands is almost invariably discovered, on inspection, to be a woman harbouring a idea that it might be agreeable to marry some heroic missionary. In level of reality, she duly marries him. At house, maybe, she has discovered it unattainable to get a husband, however within the remoter marches of China, Senegal and Somaliland, with no white competitors current, it’s equally unattainable to fail.

    40. Piety as a Social Habit

    What stays of the alleged piety of ladies is little greater than a social behavior, bolstered in most communities by a paucity of different and extra inviting divertissements. If you may have ever noticed the ladies of Spain and Italy at their devotions you needn’t be advised how a lot the worship of God could also be a mere excuse for rest and gossip. These ladies, of their each day lives, are surrounded by a formidable community of mediaeval taboos; their regular human want for ease and freedom in intercourse is opposed by masculine mistrust and superstition; they meet no strangers; they see and listen to nothing new. In the home of the Most High they escape from that vexing routine. Here they might brush shoulders with a crowd. Here, so to talk, they might crane their psychological necks and stretch their non secular legs. Here, above all, they might come into some kind of contact with males comparatively extra affable, cultured and charming than their husbands and fathers—to wit, with the rev. clergy.

    Elsewhere in Christendom, although ladies usually are not fairly so relentlessly watched and penned up, they really feel a lot the identical want of selection and pleasure, and each are likewise on faucet within the temples of the Lord. No one, I’m positive, want be advised that the typical missionary society or church stitching circle isn’t primarily a non secular group. Its precise function is exactly that of the absurd golf equipment and secret orders to which the decrease and least resourceful lessons of males belong: it gives a way of refreshment, of self-expression, of non-public show, of political manipulation and boasting, and, if the pastor occurs to be attention-grabbing, of discreet and virtually lawful intrigue. In the course of a life largely dedicated to the research of pietistic phenomena, I’ve by no means met a single lady who cared an genuine rattling for the precise heathen. The attraction of their salvation is all the time virtually purely social. Women go to church for a similar motive that farmers and convicts go to church.

    Finally, there’s the aesthetic lure. Religion, in most components of Christendom, holds out the one bait of magnificence that the inhabitants are ever cognizant of. It gives music, dim lights, comparatively formidable structure, eloquence, formality and thriller, the caressing meaninglessness that’s on the coronary heart of poetry. Women are way more conscious of such issues than males, who’re ordinarily fairly as devoid of aesthetic sensitiveness as so many oxen. The angle of the everyday man towards magnificence in its numerous kinds is, the truth is, an angle of suspicion and hostility. He doesn’t regard a murals as merely inert and silly; he regards it as, in some indefinable manner, positively offensive. He sees the artist as knowledgeable voluptuary and scoundrel, and would no extra belief him in his family than he would belief a colored clergyman in his hen-yard. It was males, and never ladies, who invented such sordid and literal faiths as these of the Mennonites, Dunkards, Wesleyans and Scotch Presbyterians, with their antipathy to stunning ritual, their obscene buttonholing of God, their nice expertise for decreasing the ineffable thriller of faith to a mere bawling of idiots. The regular lady, in as far as she has any faith in any respect, strikes irresistibly towards Catholicism, with its poetical obscurantism. The evangelical Protestant sects have a tough time holding her. She can no extra be an precise Methodist than a gentleman is usually a Methodist.

    This inclination towards magnificence, in fact, is dismissed by the typical male blockhead as not more than a feeble sentimentality. The reality is that it’s exactly the other. It is definitely not sentimentality to be moved by the stately and mysterious ceremony of the mass, and even, say, by these timid imitations of it which one observes in sure Protestant church buildings. Such proceedings, no matter their defects from the standpoint of a pure aesthetic, are in any respect occasions vastly extra stunning than any of the personal acts of the people who participate in them. They raise themselves above the barren utilitarianism of on a regular basis life, and no much less above the maudlin sentimentalities that males search pleasure in. They supply a way of escape, handy and alluring, from that sordid routine of thought and occupation which ladies revolt in opposition to so pertinaciously.

    41. The Ethics of Women

    I’ve mentioned that the faith preached by Jesus (now wholly extinct on the planet) was extremely beneficial to ladies. This was not saying, in fact, that ladies have repaid the praise by adopting it. They are, the truth is, detached Christians within the primitive sense, simply as they’re dangerous Christians within the antagonistic fashionable sense, and significantly on the facet of ethics. If they really settle for the renunciations commanded by the Sermon on the Mount, it’s only in an effort to flout their substance underneath cowl of their look. No lady is actually humble; she is merely politic. No lady, with a free selection earlier than her, chooses self-immolation; probably the most she genuinely needs in that route is a spectacular martyrdom. No lady delights in poverty. No lady yields when she will be able to prevail. No lady is actually meek.

    In their sensible ethics, certainly, ladies pay little heed to the precepts of the Founder of Christianity, and the actual fact has handed into proverb. Their gentleness, just like the so-called honour of males, is seen solely in conditions which provide them no menace. The second a lady finds herself confronted by an antagonist genuinely harmful, both to her personal safety or to the well-being of these underneath her safety—say a baby or a husband—she shows a bellicosity which stops at nothing, nevertheless outrageous. In the courts of legislation one sometimes encounters a male extremist who tells the reality, the entire reality and nothing however the reality, even when it’s in opposition to his trigger, however no such lady has ever been on view for the reason that days of Justinian. It is, certainly, an axiom of the bar that ladies invariably lie upon the stand, and the entire effort of a barrister who has one for a shopper is dedicated to protecting her inside bounds, that the obtuse suspicions of the male jury is probably not unduly aroused. Women litigants virtually all the time win their instances, not, as is often assumed, as a result of the jurymen fall in love with them, however merely and solely as a result of they’re clear-headed, resourceful, implacable and with out qualms.

    What is right here seen within the halls of justice, within the face of an unlimited technical gear for combating lying, is ten instances extra apparent in freer fields. Any man who’s so unlucky as to have a critical controversy with a lady, say within the departments of finance, theology or amour, should inevitably carry away from it a way of getting handed by means of a harmful and virtually ugly expertise. Women not solely chew within the clinches; they chew even in open combating; they’ve a dental attain, so to talk, of fantastic size. No assault is so determined that they won’t undertake it, as soon as they’re aroused; no system is so unfair and horrifying that it stays them. In my early days, needing to enhance my prose, I served for a 12 months or in order reporter for a newspaper in a police courtroom, and through that point I heard maybe 4 hundred instances of so-called wife-beating. The husbands, of their defence, virtually invariably pleaded justification, and a few of them advised such tales of studied atrocity on the home fireplace, each psychic and bodily, that the discovered Justice of the Peace discharged them with tears in his eyes and the very catchpolls within the courtroom needed to blow their noses. Many extra males than ladies go insane, and lots of extra married males than single males. The reality puzzles nobody who has had the identical alternative that I needed to discover out what goes on, 12 months in and 12 months out, behind the doorways of apparently glad properties. A lady, if she hates her husband (and lots of of them do), could make life so bitter and obnoxious to him that even loss of life upon the gallows appears candy by comparability. This hatred, in fact, is usually, and maybe virtually invariably, fairly justified. To be the spouse of an unusual man, certainly, is an expertise that should be very onerous to bear. The hollowness and self-importance of the guy, his petty meanness and stupidity, his puling sentimentality and credulity, his bombastic air of a cock on a dunghill, his anaesthesia to all whispers and summonings of the spirit, above all, his loathsome clumsiness in amour—all these items should revolt any lady above the bottom. To be the article of the oafish affections of such a creature, even when they’re trustworthy and profound, can’t be anticipated to present any real pleasure to a lady of sense and refinement. His efficiency as a gallant, as Honor de Balzac way back noticed, unescapably suggests a gorilla’s efforts to play the violin. Women survive the tragicomedy solely by dint of their nice capability for play-acting. They are capable of act so realistically that always they deceive even themselves; the typical lady’s contentment, certainly, is not more than a tribute to her histrionism. But there should be innumerable revolts in secret, even so, and one generally wonders that so few ladies, with the factor so facile and so protected, poison their husbands. Perhaps it’s not fairly as uncommon as important statistics make it out; the deathrate amongst husbands could be very a lot increased than amongst wives. More than as soon as, certainly, I’ve gone to the funeral of an acquaintance who died out of the blue, and noticed a curious glitter within the eyes of the inconsolable widow.

    Even on this age of emancipation, regular ladies have few critical transactions in life save with their husbands and potential husbands; the enterprise of marriage is their dominant concern from adolescence to senility. When they step outdoors their recurring circle they present the identical alert and keen wariness that they exhibit inside it. A person who has dealings with them should hold his wits about him, and even when he’s most cautious he’s usually flabbergasted by their sudden and unconscionable forays. Whenever lady goes into commerce she rapidly will get a status as a pointy dealer. Every little city in America has its Hetty Green, every sweating blood from turnips, every the phobia of all of the male usurers of the neighbourhood. The man who tackles such an amazon of barter takes his fortune into his arms; he has little extra likelihood of success in opposition to the female approach in enterprise than he has in opposition to the female approach in marriage. In each arenas the benefit of ladies lies of their freedom from sentimentality. In enterprise they deal with themselves wholly to their very own revenue, and provides no thought no matter to the hopes, aspirations and amour propre of their antagonists. And within the duel of intercourse they fence, to not make factors, however to disable and disarm. A person, when he succeeds in throwing off a lady who has tried to marry him, all the time carries away a maudlin sympathy for her in her defeat and dismay. But nobody ever heard of a lady who pitied the poor fellow whose trustworthy ardour she had discovered it expedient to spurn. On the opposite, ladies take enjoyment of such clownish agonies, and exhibit them proudly, and boast about them to different ladies.

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  • Covid-19 vaccine in about a year: Health DG

    Covid-19 vaccine in about a year: Health DG 6

    PUTRAJAYA: A vaccine for Covid-19 is predicted to be obtainable in the market in about a 12 months as checks and analysis on it’s nonetheless on the early section, in line with Health director-general Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah.

    He stated the World Health Organisation (WHO) are nonetheless wanting into a few compounds and analysis to develop a vaccine for this illness.

    “So it will take probably about a year or a year and a half before we can get the vaccine in the market.

    “Research is ongoing and hopefully by doing the research, we can get the vaccine as soon as possible,“ he said at the daily Covid-19 media briefing, here today.

    In another development, Dr Noor Hisham said the Health Ministry (MOH) had accepted several Covid-19 patients who have recovered as volunteers for research on blood plasma.

    “Two or three patients who have recovered are coming forward to contribute to science and technology.

    “They are donating their blood to help MOH carry out research and for science to look at the viscosity of antibodies (which will be used to treat Covid-19 patients),” he stated.

    He added that MOH would earlier display blood donors (former sufferers) to make sure they’re freed from the virus and of different infections comparable to Hepatitis C and so forth.

    MOH will even conduct Covid-19 take a look at on the blood donors to make sure they’re actually freed from the virus.

    “After that, MOH will take blood from them and separate it into red blood cells and plasma. The plasma will later be sent to IMR (Institute for Medical Research) to study its antibody viscosity.

    “The procedure will be repeated after two weeks. If the antibody viscosity is high, then MOH may use the plasma from the patient to treat other patients,” he added. – Bernama

    Covid-19 vaccine in about a year: Health DG
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    https://www.thesundaily.my/local/covid-19-vaccine-in-about-a-year-health-dg-AA2211651

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