Tag: network

  • Criticism on Google Privacy – Google Buzz, Real names, Google+, and Nymwars

    Criticism on Google Privacy – Google Buzz, Real names, Google+, and Nymwars

    Google Buzz

    On February 9, 2010, Google launched Google Buzz, Google's microblogging service. Anyone with a Gmail account was automatically added as a contact to pre-existing Gmail contacts, and had to opt out if they did not wish to participate.

    The launch of Google Buzz as an "opt-out" social network immediately drew criticism for violating user privacy because it automatically allowed Gmail users' contacts to view their other contacts.

    Real names, Google+, and Nymwars

    Google Plus (G+) was launched in late June 2011. The new service gained 20 million members in just a few weeks. At the time of launch, the site's user content and conduct policy stated, "To help fight spam and prevent fake profiles, use the name your friends, family or co-workers usually call you." Starting in July 2011, Google began enforcing this policy by suspending the accounts of those who used pseudonyms. Starting in August 2011, Google provided a four-day grace period before enforcing the real name policy and suspending accounts. The four days allowed members time to change their pen name to their real name. The policy extends to new accounts for all of Google services, including Gmail and YouTube, although accounts existing before the new policy are not required to be updated. In late January 2012 Google began allowing members to use nicknames, maiden names, and other "established" names in addition to their common or real names.

    According to Google, the real name policy makes Google more like the real world. People can find each other more easily, like a phone book. The real name policy protects children and young adults from cyber-bullying, as those bullies hide behind pen names.

    A number of high-profile commentators have publicly criticized Google's policies, including technologists Jamie Zawinski, Kevin Marks, and Robert Scoble and organisations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Criticisms have been wide-ranging, for example:

        The policy is not like the real world, because real names and personal information are not known to everyone in the off-line world.
        The policy fails to acknowledge long-standing Internet culture and conventions.
        Using real names online can disadvantage or endanger some individuals, such as victims of violence or harassment. The policy prevents users from protecting themselves by hiding their identity. For example, a person who reports a human rights violation or crime and posts it on YouTube can no longer do so anonymously. The dangers include possible hate crimes, retaliation against whistle-blowers, executions of rebels, religious persecution, and revenge against victims or witnesses of crimes.
        Using a pseudonym is different from anonymity, and a pseudonym used consistently denotes an "authentic personality".
        Google's arguments fail to address the financial gain represented by connecting personal data to real-world identities.
        Google has inconsistently enforced their policy, especially by making exceptions for celebrities using pseudonyms and mononyms.
        The policy as stated is insufficient for preventing spam.
        The policy may run afoul of legal constraints such as the German "Telemediengesetz" federal law, which makes anonymous access to online services a legal requirement.
        The policy does not prevent trolls. It is up to social media to encourage the growth of healthy social norms, and forcefully telling people how they must behave cannot be efficient.

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  • Criticism on Google Privacy – Data leaks, Cookies and Tracking

    Criticism on Google Privacy – Data leaks, Cookies and Tracking

    Data leaks

    On March 10, 2009, Google reported, for example, that a bug in Google Docs had allowed unintended access to some private documents. It was believed that 0.05% of all documents stored via the service were affected by the bug. Google claims the bug has now been fixed.

    Cookies

    Google, like most search engines, places a cookie, which can be used to track a person's search history, on each registered user's computer. Google uses the cookies to maintain user preferences between sessions and offer other search features. Originally the cookie did not expire until 2038, although it could be manually deleted by the user or refused by setting a browser preference. As of 2007, Google's cookie expired in two years, but renewed itself whenever a Google service is used. And more recently Google anonymizes its IP data after nine months and its cookies after 18 months.

    The non-profit group Public Information Research launched Google Watch, a website advertised as "a look at Google's monopoly, algorithms, and privacy issues." The site raised questions relating to Google's storage of cookies, which in 2007 had a life span of more than 32 years and incorporated a unique ID that enabled creation of a user data log. Google has also faced criticism with its release of Google Buzz, Google's version of social networking, where Gmail users had their contact lists automatically made public unless they opted out.

    Google shares this information with law enforcement and other government agencies upon receiving a properly authorized request.

    Tracking

    Google is suspected of collecting and aggregating data about Internet users through the various tools it provides to developers, such as Google Analytics, Google Fonts, and Google APIs. This could enable Google to determine a user's route through the Internet by tracking the IP address being used through successive sites (cross-domain web tracking). Linked to other information made available through Google APIs, which are widely used, Google might be able to provide a quite complete web user profile linked to an IP address or user. This kind of data is invaluable for marketing agencies, and for Google itself to increase the efficiency of its own marketing and advertising activities.

    Google is encouraging developers to use their tools and to communicate end-user IP addresses to Google: "Developers are also encouraged to make use of the userip parameter to supply the IP address of the end-user on whose behalf you are making the API request. Doing so will help distinguish this legitimate server-side traffic from traffic which doesn't come from an end-user."

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  • Google Products and Services Discontinued in 2014

    Google Products and Services Discontinued in 2014

        Google Schemer – A social search to find local activities to do at home and around the world. Google Schemer was discontinued on February 7, 2014.
        Google Notifier – Alerted users to new messages in their Gmail account. (Supported Mac OS X, Windows 2000, and Windows XP.) Google Notifier has been discontinued since January 31.
        YouTube My Speed. Discontinued January 2014. Replaced by Google Video Quality Report
        Orkut – A social networking website. Will be discontinued on September 30, 2014. No new accounts can be created starting July 2014.
        QuickOffice – A productivity suite for mobile devices. Technology implemented into Google Drive, and discontinued as a standalone app on June 2014.

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  • Criticism on Google Privacy – Street View

    Criticism on Google Privacy – Street View

    Google's online map service, "Street View", has been accused of taking pictures and viewing too far into people's private homes and/or too close to people on the street when they do not know they are being photographed.

    Information collection from WiFi networks

    During 2006–2010, Google Streetview camera cars collected about 600 gigabytes of data from users of unencrypted public and private Wi-Fi networks in more than 30 countries. No disclosures nor privacy policy was given to those affected, nor to the owners of the Wi-Fi stations.

    Google apologised and said that they were "acutely aware that we failed badly here" in terms of privacy protection, that they were not aware of the problem until an inquiry from German regulators was received, that the private data was collected inadvertently, and that none of the private data was used in Google's search engine or other services. A representative of Consumer Watchdog replied, "Once again, Google has demonstrated a lack of concern for privacy. Its computer engineers run amok, push the envelope and gather whatever data they can until their fingers are caught in the cookie jar." In a sign that legal penalties may result, Google said it will not destroy the data until permitted by regulators.

    The Streetview data collection prompted several lawsuits in the United States. The suits were consolidated into one case before a California federal court. Google's motion to have the case dismissed, saying the Wi-Fi communications it captured were "readily accessible to the general public" and therefore not a violation of federal wiretapping laws, was rejected in June 2011 by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California and upon appeal in September 2013 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The ruling is viewed as a major legal setback for Google and allows the case to move back to the lower court for trial.

    Currently Google no longer collects wi-fi data via streetview, they now use the Android devices Wi-Fi positioning system, however they have suggested the creation of a unified approach for opting-out from taking part in Wi-Fi-based positioning systems. Suggesting the usage of the word "_nomap" append to a wireless access point's SSID to exclude it from Google's WPS database.

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  • Google Products and Services Discontinued in 2012

    Google Products and Services Discontinued in 2012

        Google Notebook – Online notetaking and web-clipping application. The tool permitted users to clip text, images, and links from pages while browsing, save them online, access them from any computer, and share them with others. Data was exported to Google Docs and the service has been shut down as of July 2012.
        Google Apps Standard Edition – Free. On December 6, 2012, Google discontinued the Google apps standard edition, which was previously downgraded with features like maximum 10 users.
        Google Code Search – Search engine for programming code found on the Internet. Shut down on January 15, 2012.
        Google Health – allows a user to store, manage and share all of his/her health and wellness information in one central place. Development ceased June 24, 2011; accessible until January 1, 2012; data available for download until January 1, 2013.
        Google Website Optimizer – was a free website testing and optimization tool, allows a user to increase the value of his/her existing websites and traffic. Discontinued on August 1, 2012.
        TV Ads – Method to place advertising on TV networks. Launched in 2007, the product was discontinued on August 30, 2012, with all remaining active campaigns ending December 16, 2012.
        Google Friend Connect – an online service that allowed website and blog owners to add social features to their websites. Discontinued on March 1, 2012, and replaced by Google+'s pages and off-site Page badges.
        Google Insights for Search – Google Insights for Search was a service by Google similar to Google Trends, providing insights into the search terms people have been entering into the Google search engine. Google Insights for Search has been discontinued since September 27, 2012 by Google and Now Google Insights has merged in Google Trends.
        Knol – service that enabled subject experts and other users to write authoritative articles related to various topics. Content were not accessible after October 1, 2012.
        Google Wave – Online communication and Collaborative real-time editor tool using richly formatted text, photos, videos, maps, and more. Development ceased on August 4, 2010. This product support is no longer available (turned off completely on April 30, 2012 by Google).
        Picnik – online photo editor. Most features and effects have been moved to the Google+ photo manager. Closed on April 19, 2012.
        Jaiku – Jaiku was a social networking, micro-blogging and lifestreaming service comparable to Twitter.

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  • Affiliate Marketing: The Solution to Control your Growing Expenditures

    Affiliate Marketing: The Solution to Control your Growing Expenditures

    With increasing cost of living today, it is hard to sustain your household needs if only a single member of your family is generating income. It is now a necessity that families have at least two income-generating family members.

    Just think that you are having an income of $30,000 to $60,000 every year. Big amount, isn’t it? But once you have figured out your growing expenses for your automobile (such as gasoline, repairs, insurance, and others), your work (like bus fare and meals), children’s needs, and house mortgages, it will just lead to a spend able income (which means you barely had enough to regularly finance your expenses and kept little or no savings at all).

    Do not let yourself be drowned of these growing expenditures of your family. There are available ways of earning additional income aside from your present job.

    You can actually develop your family lifestyle and not be haunted by creditors by working an online career. Not only that you can have additional money to spend for your expenditures, but also you can spend quality time with your family as well.

    All you need to do is sit back at the comfort of your home, in front of your personal computer, and you are on the go of creating your first batch of thousand bucks through affiliate marketing.

    What is Affiliate Marketing?

    It refers to the endorsement of products or services in the Internet through affiliates. Affiliates are usually webmasters and ezine editors who act as sales agents on behalf of their clients in exchange for a commission on each sale made.

    In affiliate marketing, you can prefer either the one-tier program or the two-tier program. In the former, you earn on a per referral basis and cannot hire sub-affiliates to assist you in endorsing a certain product or service. The commission will come from your direct referral.

    The latter is quite favorable to you as an affiliate. You will not only earn from your direct referrals; you can also obtain a percentage commission from the referrals by your co-affiliates who join your program.


    Affiliate Marketing For Online Entrepreneurs

    In case that you are an online entrepreneur and you have your own site, you can use affiliate marketing to endorse your business and increase your sales. You can set up an affiliate-marketing program by including the necessary software for it.

    Have your program’s terms, conditions, and online registration form posted in your website. Let your potential affiliates read it and join if they are satisfied with it.

    Aside from posting details regarding your affiliate-marketing program, you can also opt to advertise in ezine advertisement networks, search engines, and other sites having high web traffic.

    Have your marketing program be registered through affiliate program directories and networks so that prospects who are looking for some new opportunities can find you.

    You could also write reviews and articles and let it post in free article sites and request the editors to publish it in your ezine.

    Affiliate Marketing for Newbies

    If you are just new in the business (no products and websites of your own) but you want to earn money through affiliate marketing, you can set yourself up as an affiliate. Learning the basics of Internet marketing and invest quality time and enough money in order for you to earn income from promoting products of other people.

    Determine the hottest products or services in the web, register as an affiliate, and start promoting the product by using different marketing strategies. You can conduct extensive research about these things.

    You can check sites, which have online marketing forums. Read posted messages in that particular site and try to participate by posting your queries too. You can also ask questions to marketers online and gain some useful tips in your affiliate career.

    Affiliate marketing offers you the earning opportunity that you are waiting for. You can use tons of information right at your fingertips as you work from home.

    If you will devote your time and spend your money wisely in this kind of online business, there will come a time that it is more than enough to fund your growing expenditures. Moreover, expect that your family will thank you in the end.

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  • Google Adsense: The Google Adsense Report and Why the Program is Original

    Google Adsense: The Google Adsense Report and Why the Program is Original

    Understanding the Google Adsense Report

    When you log into your Google Adsense account, you are automatically taken to the page where you can view all your Adsense activity.  On the Reports tab, you’ll see “Today’s Earnings.”  This is the approximate amount you have earned today in your Google Adsense account.  Earnings are not final at this point and could be adjusted for invalid clicks or fees.

    It’s interesting to look at the breakdown.  As you can see, Adsense for Content, which refers to the targeted ads appearing on the pages in which you have written content, is listed first.  Here you will see the number of page impressions listed in the first column.  While a page impression is generally the same as a page view, that is not always the case.  For a more detailed definition of a page impression, see Google Adsense support, click on Your Adsense Account and then click on Your Adsense Report.

    Next, you’ll notice the number of clicks.  This refers to the number of times “your ads” were clicked on.

    Page click through rate or CTR is in the next column shown as a percentage. It represents the percentage of the time an ad was clicked on after viewing your page.

    Page eCPM which stands for effective cost per thousand impressions.  It is calculated by dividing total earnings by the number of page impressions in thousands.

    Don’t be intimidated by these statistics.  The bottom line, your earnings, is what really counts.  As you become more familiar with Google Adsense, statistics will become like second nature.  First, just start.

    How is Google Adsense Different From Other Ad Networks?

    Primarily because it is Google and that carries a lot of clout just with name recognition alone.  But here are some advantages to being a part of the Google Adsense network:

    Getting started is fast and easy and requires no technical knowledge.  Google Adsense even provides html code for easy implementation with clear instructions.

    Google Adsense has both the Adsense for Content feature and the Adsense for Search feature.

    Google Adsense not only provides keyword targeted ads but site targeted ads as well, maximizing your potential for revenue.

    Google Adsense provides a filter so that you can choose not to run your competitor’s ads on your pages as well as filter other unwanted ads.

    Google Adsense provides an extensive support site that is easily understood.

     

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  • Media and Fashion

    The media plays a significant role when it comes to fashion. For instance, an important part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines, and commentary can be found in on television and in magazines, newspapers, fashion websites, social networks, and fashion blogs. In recent years, fashion blogging and YouTube videos have become a major outlet for spreading trends and fashion tips. Through these media outlets readers and viewers all over the world can learn about fashion, making it very accessible.

    At the beginning of the 20th century, fashion magazines began to include photographs of various fashion designs and became even more influential than in the past. In cities throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought after and had a profound effect on public taste in clothing. Talented illustrators drew exquisite fashion plates for the publications which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty. Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton, which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 (with the exception of the war years).

    Vogue, founded in the United States in 1892, has been the longest-lasting and most successful of the hundreds of fashion magazines that have come and gone. Increasing affluence after World War II and, most importantly, the advent of cheap color printing in the 1960s, led to a huge boost in its sales and heavy coverage of fashion in mainstream women's magazines, followed by men's magazines in the 1990s. One such example of Vogue's popularity is the younger version, Teen Vogue, which covers clothing and trends that are targeted more toward the "fashionista on a budget". Haute couture designers followed the trend by starting ready-to-wear and perfume lines which are heavily advertised in the magazines and now dwarf their original couture businesses. A recent development within fashion print media is the rise of text-based and critical magazines which aim to prove that fashion is not superficial, by creating a dialogue between fashion academia and the industry. Examples of this trend are: Fashion Theory (1997) and Vestoj (2009). Television coverage began in the 1950s with small fashion features. In the 1960s and 1970s, fashion segments on various entertainment shows became more frequent, and by the 1980s, dedicated fashion shows such as Fashion Television started to appear. FashionTV was the pioneer in this undertaking and has since grown to become the leader in both Fashion Television and new media channels. Despite television and increasing internet coverage, including fashion blogs, press coverage remains the most important form of publicity in the eyes of the fashion industry.

    However, over the past several years, fashion websites have developed that merge traditional editorial writing with user-generated content. Online magazines like iFashion Network and Runway Magazine, led by Nole Marin from America's Next Top Model, have begun to dominate the market with digital copies for computers, iPhones, and iPads. Example platforms include Apple and Android for such applications.

    A few days after the 2010 Fall Fashion Week in New York City came to a close, The New Islander's Fashion Editor, Genevieve Tax, criticized the fashion industry for running on a seasonal schedule of its own, largely at the expense of real-world consumers. "Because designers release their fall collections in the spring and their spring collections in the fall, fashion magazines such as Vogue always and only look forward to the upcoming season, promoting parkas come September while issuing reviews on shorts in January", she writes. "Savvy shoppers, consequently, have been conditioned to be extremely, perhaps impractically, farsighted with their buying."

    The fashion industry has been the subject of numerous films and television shows, including the reality show Fashion Runway and the drama series Ugly Betty. Specific fashion brands have been featured in film, not only as product placement opportunities, but as bespoke items that have subsequently led to trends in fashion.

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  • Criticism on Google Privacy – Ties to the CIA and NSA

    Criticism on Google Privacy – Ties to the CIA and NSA

    In February 2010, Google was reported to be working on an agreement with the National Security Agency (NSA) to investigate recent attacks against its network. And, while the deal did not give NSA access to Google’s data on users’ searches or e-mail communications and accounts and Google was not sharing proprietary data with the agency, privacy and civil rights advocates were concerned.

    In October 2004, Google acquired Keyhole, a 3D mapping company. In February 2004, before its acquisition by Google, Keyhole received an investment from In-Q-Tel, the CIA’s investment arm. And in July 2010 it was reported that the investment arms of both the CIA (In-Q-Tel) and Google (Google Ventures) were investing in Recorded Future, a company specializing in predictive analytics—monitoring the web in real time and using that information to predict the future. And, while private corporations have been using similar systems since the 1990s, the involvement of Google and the CIA with their large data stores raised privacy concerns.google

    In 2011, a federal district court judge in the United States turned down a Freedom of Information Act request, submitted by the Electronic Privacy Information Center. In May 2012, a Court of Appeals upheld the ruling. The request attempted to disclose NSA records regarding the 2010 cyber-attack on Google users in China. The NSA stated that revealing such information would make the US Government information systems vulnerable to attack. The NSA refused to confirm or deny the existence of the records, or the existence of any relationship between the NSA and Google.

    Leaked NSA documents obtained by The Guardian and The Washington Post in June 2013 included Google in the list of companies that cooperate with the NSA’s PRISM surveillance program, which authorizes the government to secretly access data of non-US citizens hosted by American companies without a warrant. Following the leak, government officials acknowledged the existence of the program. According to the leaked documents, the NSA has direct access to servers of those companies, and the amount of data collected through the program had been growing fast in years prior to the leak. Google has denied the existence of any “government backdoor”.

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  • Compendium of research projects at the interface of tuberculosis and COVID-19

    As the world comes together to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to ensure that tuberculosis (TB) prevention and care approaches are adapting appropriately to ensure continuous and safe delivery of high-quality TB services. Considering the overlaps in TB and COVID-19 in disease presentation and transmission, the pandemic presents many questions for the TB field that may require learning through research and innovation. 

    To better understand challenges and opportunities in this space, the World Health Organization Global TB Programme is collating information on ongoing research at the interface of TB and COVID-19 (i.e. research which would improve TB prevention and care approaches in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic). We are developing a living compendium (listing), which will be updated periodically to make ongoing research projects and publications visible on its website. With your consent we would like to include any study you have in this compendium.

    To fulfill these objectives, we need the cooperation of organizations and individuals engaged in TB/COVID-19 research to complete this  one page template before 20 May 2020. We encourage you to please share this in your network, so we can reach all stakeholders widely.

    We thank you in advance for your cooperation, and please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions.

    Read More
    https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/04-05-2020-compendium-of-research-projects-at-the-interface-of-tuberculosis-and-covid-19

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